the whole of adobe -- the last great spasm of comanches power that quanah parker lead with an affected giant revenge rate against the whites for what they had done. from quanah's point of view was the death of his father. a lot of what -- the comanches were very brutal. so were all plains indians and native americans in terms of treatment of captives and torture and revenge raids. those were common to native americans. could you are a historian on the field you have to come to terms with that. it happened. perhaps i was a little naive when i started writing this book but i remember someone was interviewing me on the radio year ago and said perhaps my book first came out, did you have to stop and take a cheap breath before you wrote a complete revision history of native americans? i sat there going -- sinking fast, complete revisionist history, what he meant was, i got a question hundred of times since then, there was a notion that was popular in the 60s and perhaps the best example was a book called bury my heart at wounded knee and others eager to build the impression created was indi

i talk about quanah parker father's death that goes against history. i know it does but i just believe that and we will not come together but on the hold the reception is pretty good. >> [inaudible] >> a very good question. how many people that i interviewed? and nine. because there were no living people that could inform 1/2 fined back then. but i had in the 1930's thankfully there were two or three different projects where people recorded comanche's from the old days from the pre-reservation period. they did studies and there is a lot of that. i relied on that. those guys did my interviewing for me. there was not much point* like interviewing me about my grandfather's experiences of world war i. one of these days, i wrote about the chickasaws last year when of the goals is to do current day interviews. >> [inaudible] could you elaborate how much society has organized retribution? >> the question is to what extent were the raids the comanche's performed were revenge or retribution part of the planes were fair? the plains indians were a warlike group a

the organizing event is in 1836 this is where quanah parker was taken a small moment in has -- history that has historical significance. that was the same year texas one its independence. if the parker family had built a stockade 90 miles south of texas. they were out to the comanche frontier it is almost ridiculous. they were way out beyond almost anybody else on the frontier. one thing to keep in mind how the american west was settled, people sometimes think there was a sweep across that went north or south. it was not to. it was all south. the human frontier was in texas nothing going on up north. fifth great clash was down in the south. five people were killed others were wounded five captives women and children one was cynthia anne parker. this is a routine raid they had been doing this for many, many years. but in historical terms it was a defining moment of the front here. two reasons. first-come it marked the start of the longest and most brutal war between americans and a single native tribes also because it involved the woman who was to be the most famous as a captive. it too