where rayson writes were concerned. it ended at a moment when the united states quickly passed three amendments to the constitution, the 13th amendment ending slavery, the 14th expanding citizenship and the 15 expanding the right to vote for black. all of those were a revolution. to put that in perspective the united states have only has two amendments ever since the bill of rights up to that point. so it was clearly a rich moments. what i want to know is how do we get from that moment to 1896 in plessy versus ferguson and jim crow and race relations. and and so that was the book that was a question that i set out to answer when i began my second book. i still don't have an answer to that question, i wish i knew, i don't. but what i but what i have is this book instead, "troubled refuge". as i set out to write the book about citizenship and rights in the decades following emancipation timing had everything to do with it. it was 2009 and i was the 200th anniversary of abraham lincoln's birth. that was followed in 2011 an