and i give as the example the idea that orrville redenbacher got the r&d tax credit to develop microwave popcorn. now you could make a case, if it doesn't stick in your teeth of maybe that was a good help to society. but in all seriousness, i would love it if you know of or could dig out in the accounting research if anybody has done a study on what the actual usefulness, seriously, to society has been in many of these tax expenditure areas. and if you would be willing to spend a few minutes of your spare time and dig out something like, that i would sure love to have it. >> i can certainly look at that for you. but i think the one thing that has been looked at in the literature is in an r&d study, for example, when they look at the dataer, they might see what looks like an increase in spending. but what has been looked as, you know, is that really more r&d that results in more products or is it, say, a rise in the input prices. and there is actually one study that shows that all the increase in r&d spending actually goes to salaries, r&d. so it's not more r&d, it's just paying the engin