redican be exported to do things perhaps even violent things they might not otherwise have wanted too so the numbers are more than just a number of cases. >> i recognize the ranking member. >> thank you very much, mr. chairman. professor, we've seen sanctions toppled liberal governments in the past as an effective tool. one that comes to mind is south africa. how do you see sanctions play in goal in addressing iran at this point? >> well, i think it's too soon to tell. i think the issue with a sanction is they often have a nonlinear affect. that is they don't appear to be working until they do come and i think in the initial phases of sanctions against iran if they were not sufficient to get iran to fundamentally alter its nuclear behavior but they may be approaching a to the point where by the regime is concerned about the economic damage especially in its oil sector and the possibility for the domestic unrest can be associated with fat that they may be willing to strike a deal and so i've taken some solace from the fact they are willing to come back to the negotiation and the negot

. >> we've been emphasizing the federal government as redican 90% of this, and it's not something you can take to the bank because the next fiscal year they can decide we are going to pay a lot less and the states are still on the hook because you say it's not an easy choice. we ask whether it is coercion. you're not going to be able to fill out of medicaid. we just have to do more because they will pay less. >> if i agree that would be a difficult choice in some circumstances but it is not to say it is coercion as a legal matter or even as a practical matter, and i think it would depend on what the circumstances were and i think trying to think about how the court would answer the question or whether it is coercive or difficult as a practical matter. >> we are trying to go back to that because justice kennedy asked you whether there is -- if he said it is coercion if no one can be politically accountable. i'm not sure how that could be politically accountable because almost every guest if the terms are attractive, it would be an unattractive political alternative to turn it down. i t