hitler, what happened in europe, reed snyder, on tierney, tier any, a lot of presidents working againsts. i don't have an answer. it is just hope. why do you believe in god? faith. i don't believe in god. but i believe there is such a thing as morality. i believe the pattern in american history is towards greater racial acceptance. that is true. that makes me feel better. there is a basic pattern. anybody that doesn't recognize that is nuts. all these reasons. but there is a pattern that suggests, after we finish this downturn, we are going up again. [applause] >> it may not have all the answers but poses some fascinating questions is what a wonderful dialogue, i appreciate it. ladies and gentlemen, one more round of applause for joseph ellis. [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> 2019 is about to begin, booktv is returning to our nonfiction roots for in-depth. our monthly 3-hour interview and call in with an author who has written books on policy, science, history, biography and more. we kick off the new year with best-selling author david corn. the washington bureau chief for mother