this is a religious studies class. it's not theology and i thought if we just move down, you know, rather quickly with these notes, everyone will feel comfortable about where we're headed in the class. then, i sometimes call this a boring stuff, but it's not boring - absolutely necessary. then we can get into looking at some of the most fundamental essence of, you know, what religion is. but just to go through this and feel free to ask and bring things up if you have any comments. it's just some characteristics. first off, religious studies is multi-disciplinary. i mean it's like cultural studies or african-american studies. we use many different disciplines, i should have made this known. i am actually trained as a sociologist and historian. i once was in a theological seminary but i think i was just looking for the restrooms so that was the extent of my experience. i had no theological background. i am a historian and a sociologist. these are some of the tools that i use and certainly you'll get to feel in this class

i taught religious studies introductory courses to religious studies and dealt with black religion i taught courses on the list darkness and a course called to religion and social institutions and the university of alabama had a creative three weeks between in the regular school beginning of summer school and you could do all kinds of creative things so i designed a course called the black preacher and civil rights movement were able to go to different points and an atlanta limit king's father and many others. >>> digit everything could come back to the bay area? >>> yes. the experience in alabama was wonderful was one of tremendous growth and understanding and it was one that in many ways was shocking in some ways because it is still very very very racist in many ways. and a first and then went to buy a car the word boy assist 1972 so there are those kinds of things i had to get used to and some friends and alabama to limit that's the way it was there >>> i imagine that kind of experience you were aware of >>> what i did expect for example of the 7475 because it taught the course so

i mean, i've been around a lot of places and i'm pretty jaded, i guess a religious studies professor. but i walked up to the waling wall, and you know why they call it the waling wall if you walk up to it - we have that on tape; we'll get to it at some point - the praying is just so moving, and i was just overwhelmed with the sense of the numinous. i mean, i was struck speechless, which is a rarity for me, as you're probably already figuring out. but yeah, that's the kind of thing that, why is this - it's just a wall, it's stone, it's common. this building's made of stone, but in that context, whoa! and that's what we talk about for the sacred. yeah. >> i remember a history professor of mine talked about when the romans took over jerusalem in 70 a.d., and the roman general came into the holiest of holies - the inner temple of jerusalem - and he looked in there, and in this flask was supposedly god. and so he stormed in there and he opened it up and there was nothing in there, and yet to him, it was just a box. but to those who believed, and to the jewish people, it was so extremely si

religious liberty? what he are we missing? >> i undertook the start -- the study of american and religious diversity something that we have so many different religions but not one single official religion like england or france or spain. there was an aspect of that and makes american society very different than the european society. with american religious freedom whine of the points referred to from this toleration and diversity is the dutch colony of another land. the directors, the broader dutch system who and never force people to conform to a single religion like the english church did causing the puritans to go to new england. what i have ben led to believe fed is i would see the beginning of the distinctly way of diversity but i did not find anything like that. i found very little connection between the dutch and colonial americans do afterwards. it is slightly that there is little connection with dutch tolerance and american religious liberty. >> host: when it comes to the dutch to their right in rules about religion? >> yes. the details of the constitutio

and of course benedick started studying different as one african. they were religious. but then he saw one thing that tasted him on the quaker religion. africans did not produce what they didn't need. there was no idea compound accumulations are beginning to capitalism. we know many quakers got very wealthy, but she produced which you need and he believes the africans did that. so they had time of leisure, but they also worked. he saw something in us by sitting africa and assuring they were indeed human beings. in the end he wrote, we must ask ourselves who are the greatest of the country dancer, it european duet with powder to take the people from the continent. so he had that tremendous idea of bringing all these trains of thoughts this study and corresponding with patrick henry and he sent patrick henry, give me liberty or give me death, so patrick henry wrote him back. he said thank you, this is revealing. i agree with everything you say. but how would my children survive? said this was another message. even some people against slavery could not do it because of the

religious schools were still studying the. people said entrees there were not moving toward the chairman of the electric grid tried to explain the problem. it is believed that some states for using more power than authorized. but this is raising many questions about what of the country's outdated infrastructure can meet the soaring demands. people are used to blackouts. many businesses have generators like this man but they have never seen anything close to this. tonight officials are hoping that this power will be fully restored by tomorrow. and a man on vacationing in cape cod has been attacked on this speech by a great white shark. he was body surfing. and he just said how they work and deep water. just a few seconds later he was attacked with eight different puncture wounds. for in each leg. they saw the sharks circling before it attacked. >> take a look at the phoenix airport this dust storm a time-lapse a video. planes were kept grounded. some brief delays. they are now asked to arrange her but this is of course, much la

religious hostility. that's the conclusion of a new study. why those keeping the faith are feeling heat. >> it is under assault. >> today the liberty institute and family research council roled out a massive report the groups say catalogs the growing hostility against religious expression right here in the u.s. >> this is an issue 80 percent of americans agree on. that is that we should have our first freedom protected. they may not agree on the substance of where those religious convictions lead people but they agreed americans should not be forced to violate or to shove under the rug their religious convictions. >>> the authors of the new report insist americans of all faiths who choose to express their religious views are facing relentless onslaught of funded and individuals who are using the courts congress and vast federal bureaucracy to limit religious freedom. they sited examples of the 13 year legal battle like the cross on national park service land in 1934, 11 miles off the highway meant to honor veterans. the aclu and groups deemed

a new study suggests that people in states where religious participation is highest give the most to. the south leads the way at just over 5% of discretionary income. the northeast trails at 4%, but according to the chronicle of philanthropy, if you count only secular donations, people in less religious states actually give more. >> in britain, surveys have found that about half the population identifies itself as not religious. that group definitely does not include the country's former prime minister, tony blair. since leaving office, blair has become more outspoken about his faith and he's put it to work. from his perspective, religion may hold the key to solving global problems like poverty and disease. lucky severson has our report. correspondent: he was to the united kingdom what john kennedy was to many in the united states: a dashing, young, urbane leader who embodied hope and change and who could put words together like no other politician of his time. >> if we take the whole period of this government we have spent far more in the liberal health service than the democrats ha

religious expert. different faiths, college, studied different religions.opener. >> stay tuned. >>> from one mystery to another. who is going to be sitting next to kelly ripa on "live" next month as permanent co-host chosen. is this the moment where you barack t break it to me that you are leaving? >> that picture is clearly not one of me. the coveted seat. nine months of speculation. finally there is a short list. an underdog name on that, that short list. so we'll see. >> she had how many co-hosts. 59? >> 59 co-hosts. whenever you are in the doldrums. >> yeah. >> rotating door of how many, women had to come? >> kelly has me beat by a few. before we get to all of that the west nile virus. federal health officials say the current outbreak is unprecedented, on pace now to be the worst in the country's history. >> yeah, last night pesticide was dropped from planes over houston. half of the people who had been infected by the mosquito borne illness are in texas. good morning, brandi. >> reporter: good morning, rob, and paula. officials in texas feel aerial spr

and studying the different -- they were not just one act. they were religious people all over but then he saw one thing that came over quickly. africans did not produce what they didn't need. there's no compound of relations or capitalism. the original quaker idea of the very wealthy. you produce what you need so they have a lot of time but also worked. something by studying africa, they were indeed human beings and in the beginning he wrote we must ask who were the greatest africans and it is the europeans. to take people from their continent. the tremendous idea of bringing these pamphlets and corresponding with patrick henry. give me liberty or give me death. and wrote him back. i thank you. this is a revealing. i agree with everything you say but how will my children survive? this was another message. some people who were against it could not do it because of self benefit. tremendous influence on benjamin franklin. benjamin franklin is the greatest self-made american, became not millionaire, he owned slaves and had taken them -- serve as american emissary i

gerri: also today a new study shows those states with the least religious residents are the least generous. religious participation is crucial. number five south carolina. residents pay 6.5% of their income to charity. number four is tennessee. these residents pay more than 6.5%. number three is alabama. and alabama's mississippi neighbor comes in at number two. the most terrible state is utah. the residents did more than 10.5% of their discretionary income to charity. the six new england states still the last six slots among the 50 states with new hampshire coming in last. interesting. coming up, helping teach your kids about money and ben bernanke needing some help with his own. a look at the pressure he is under the struggling economy coming up next ♪ the one and only, cheerios gerri: fed up with the federal reserve say no, no, no to stimulus. investors are looking at any signs of what the federal reserve will do next. one big clue is the president of the atlanta fed bank. dennis lockhart. the monetary policy may not be to fix we are all hoping for. with more we have jeffrey miron. it i

religious purse cushion. that is a conclusion of a study that paints a bleak picture for people of faith willing to stand up for bream has details for us tonight. >> they refer to it as the first freedom. under atam. >> reporter: the liberty institute rolled out a massive report that the group says catalogs the growing hos stillty against growing expression in the u.s. >> this is an issue that 80% of americans agree on. we should have the first freedom protected. they may not agree on the substance of where the religious convictions lead people, be they agree that americans should not be forced to violate or to shove under the rug their religious convictions. >> reporter: authors insist americans of all faith who choose to express the religious views face onslaught from the well funded and aggressive group and individuals using the court, congress, and bureaucracy to suppress and limit religious freedom. they cite a 13-year legal battle over a cross in the national park service land in 1934. 11 miles off the nearest highway. meant to honor world war i veterans. groups deemed it offensive. there is the obama adm

in fact, long practice and even academic study shows that it is the absence of religious freedom that is correlated with religious conflict and violent extremism. there is also evident that conflict is more likely when states have official religions and persecuted religious minorities. that makes sense, if you think about it. when people are treated as equal under the law, hostilities among neighbors subside and social unity has a chance to grow. so does trusted the democratic process, because people are confident their rights will be protected no matter who is in power. in other words, religious freedom is one of the safety valves. it lets people have a say over important aspects of their lives, enjoying their societies fully, and channel their frustrations into constructive lives. otherwise, it is a recipe for conflict and extremism. some governments are coming to realize this. for example, in libya, since the overthrow of gaddafi, the new government has chosen not to enforce some of his lost that restricted religious activity. they have enshrined the free practice of religion in th

religious person, down from 73% in 05. here's the exact question that was asked. joining us now is father jonathan morris. that studyst that we are less of a religious nation, are we? >> you know, a lot of these polls make the outcomes very confusing because of the question themselves. stuart: agreed. >> there are many people who are extremely spiritual, who actually attend religious services and say, you know what? calling yourself religious is actually a bad term because then you're following the law instead of following god. this last week, 60 million americans attended church services. that's more than people who have stood in college football stadiums throughout the whole year of last year. i think there are a lot of people in the united states who still have a strong belief in god. are there more people coming out and saying i am an atheist? studies say yes. i think that is a result of people saying it's okay to express doubt. it's okay to express doubt. stuart: i think charles' thing here, you think the atheists are coming on real strong. charles: absolutely. i think they have a tremendous input in hollywood.

the defense begin explaining the anti putin studied moscow's main cathedral in february the three bad members and charged with hooliganism motivated by religious hatred jacob graves has been following the hearing. really stands out is the first time we've heard from the defense and they've had the chance to put their eyewitnesses on the stand to give testimony now as you might imagine the accounts we've heard today differ greatly than what's transpired so far in this five day trial which is really been dominated by the prosecution the eyewitness accounts of her say being much more glowing of the three defendants one friend of the accused giving her account and also two professors as well now this trial so far is really being dominated by a very outspoken legal team on behalf of the defense they've accused the judge's guardian of this case of not allowing them to properly cross-examine the prosecution's eyewitnesses and even at one point on tuesday they accuse the judge reside in this case and the detention facility where they're being kept in custody of inhumane treatment or not allow them proper access to food to water and being deprived of t

. >> the study also shows that turkish migrants in germany are increasingly turning to islam. almost 40% of those surveyed describe themselves as deeply religious. this was especially true for younger respondents. >> all right. you are up to date on the "journal." >> stay with us. captioned by the national captioning institute --www.ncicap.org-- >>> deported. japanese authorities send chinese activists back to hong kong in the latest flare-up over a group of disputed islands. hello, and welcome to "newsline." japanese authorities have rid themselves of a diplomatic hot potato, but still might get burned after all is said and done. they deported a group of chinese activists and journalists. they took a boat from hong kong to the

. >> the study also shows that turkish migrants in germany are increasingly turning to islam. almost 40% of those surveyed describe themselves as deeply religiousthis was especially true for younger respondents. >> all right. you are up to date on the "journal." >> stay with us. captioned by the national captioning institute --www.ncicap.org--

religious and government buildings line two main avenues, with house compounds arranged behind, in a grid pattern. warren barbour has studied these compounds since 1962. this is the central patio of the apartment compound, called sequala, which is a typical apartment compound at teotihuacan. it's about half a football field on the side. it contains a central patio, a temple on the east side, and four apartments. to get the picture of this, you have to see elaborate paintings on the lower sections of the walls... the upper walls painted like wallpaper in reds and whites and greens. the pillars would go up to roofs with wood and covered porticoes, where children would be sitting and playing a game like parchesi. you would see dogs walking around, food being cooked, baskets in corners, stacks of grain. this would have been the center of life in the compound. and you have to remember that this would be repeated 2,000 times in other apartment compounds throughout teotihuacan. keach: in many ways, teotihuacan was a dramatic step forward in the evolution of ever more complex societies. it was the beginning of a cosmopolitan, urban

there is a new study out that finds that states with the least religious residents are also the stingiestississippi, alabama topping the list, while maine, vermont, massachusetts rounded out the bottom. i'm not sure that's a list i really want to be on. i'm on a lot of lists. martha: you want to be on that list? gregg: how about you. martha: i want to be on the most generous list. gregg: i try to be generous. martha: an inspirational story now of a trapped colorado hiker, andhe stayed incredibly calm and composed really. she was even funny at times in the face of excrucia excruciating pain. she did a diary of her ordeal while she was waiting to get rescued. tametammy vigil has the story. >> a tail of survival on tv makes this girl and her friends cringe. >> i just broke my ankle. >> this is me moving my foot. >> her ankle dangling. the bone separated, ligaments torn after slipping down an eight-foot trench metal rods and screws now hold everything in place. >> this is kind of really scary. oh, man, oh, man, oh man. >> she never cries but jokes the entire time of the six and a half minute

religious sacrament. medical alert, it appears many children who watch violence on tv before bedtime have a harder time falling asleep and waking up the next morning. in a study published this week, researchers analyzed 500 children aged 3 to 5 on what they watch. the result, replacing violent content with age. alternatives help them to sleep better. also, kids who watched family programming saw an improvement in their sleep patterns. and 12-year-old owen has been practicing gymnastics since he was for. he had a breakdown. he decided to go to a clinical social worker and mental coach to help him deal with the stress. she advised him to change his thoughts. >> when you say something like, "i have to do well," you are putting pressure on yourself. you can just change a few words to say "is my goal to duwel." >> this kind of thinking can actually help anyone with mental stress in any area of their life. always focus on what you want and detach yourself from the outcome. >> covering the nation, it womanish shot and killed in an icy you. the person accused in her dad is her 66-year-old husband. he is charged with aggravated murder. the charge is expected to be upg

religious now. he does lot oz of prayer groups. he talks to lots of inmates. he goes to bible studyjudge show mercy on the brothers. let the prosecutors show mercy, father. let the witnesses be blinded, father, by your word. >> everybody come here, comes here, finds god and leaves this building and then comes right back. they use it as a comfort so that they can deal with being in here. it's a means of hope that they can get released. >> amen. >> amen. >> god bless you. god bless you. the people that i did wrong, the faeps that i sold -- i didn't sell drugs to family likes that, you know. but regardless of the situation, there was an impact because somebody's father was buying or somebody's mother was buying it or somebody's daughter or somebody's granddaughter. you feel me? there's a responsibility there. but you got remember, too, that when you get saved, all your past is forgotten. it's thrown into the sea of forgetfulness to never be brought back again, in god's eyes. >> for families, dealing with a drug addicted member, forgetting is often difficult. >> we've been to counselors

study. what he's doing behind bars it is religious. [ male announcer ] this is anna, her long day teaching theegins with back pain and a choice. take advil, and maybe have to take up to four in a day. or take aleve, which can relieve pain all day with just two pills. good eye. >> we have been waiting for you. how do you getet best deal with the coverage you need? vera gibbons is here with information that we can bank on today. >> that's right. >> we need three quotes. >> it is incredible. shop around and find out who has the best price and find out what type of coverage and reputation of the company . do it all on the web. e-surance.com. get general ball park numbers. >> next up. you say we can raise the deductible. how do we decide when it is time to do that? >> here is the numbers to make you think twice. you raise it 200 to a thousand you can save 40 percent or more. make sure you have enough in the emergency fund to cover yourself. >> cross your fingers. >> and in michigan state, the family there. it is dilickous. they shell out 8 percent on annual premiums. >> who doesn't want to save mon

religious group mean the as asatra might be a front for white supremacist gangs. marcus murray, one of asatra's leader at wabash, denies that. >> there has never been anything in my studies that says one race is more dominant over another. one culture more dominant over another nor any religion. asatru believes believe that our religion is fine. your religion is fine. >> guy ratcliff who has been practicing asatra for several years says through is one group that's not welcome. >> if we find out that somebody in the asatra community was a child molestation, he would be banned from the community. he cannot participate. it's a by law. you cannot be a sex offender and be a asatra. >> rat cliff who used another accepted pronunciation of the group's name defended the fact that some members have swastikas tattoos on their body. >> the swastika was around a long time before adolph hitler come along, okay? now, i don't have nothing against uncle adolph. but he took something from my religion which was a sun wheel and made it part of his party. it goes back to ancient civilizations. they had a swastika in persia, way before national socialism came along. >> while radcliffe defende

study by david kirby and emily entitled libertarian roots of the tea party that confirms the widespread libertarian participation in the greater social tolerance that goes with it. and while the top religiousrights organizations like the family research council and american family association campaigned the defense of marriage act, many see party supporters support efforts to revise the 10th amendment and gave two states the freedom to decide marriage -- matters such as marriage law. many support the federal district court ruling in massachusetts 2010, for example, by judge joseph tour that overturned section three of the defense of marriage act that forbids the federal government from recognizing that led to same-sex marriages in those states that have adopted it. that decision on 10th amendment grounds was just recently upheld by a federal appeals court and the supreme court. i have a section on chapter eight. i urge you all to read that. i won't go into that, but that actually recorded all the major republican candidates who ran for president. detailing in some other background statements and for many of them did not get a passing grade. finally, the good news about the republican party

religious. the 39% biden number was surprising because a pew study also had it fairly low but above what we're showing. and that again reinforces what we believe is the disconnect here. and, there was also sort of a component in the poll that, i think didn't get a lot of mention and that is the desire for a third party or multiple parties. 53% of respondents said they weren't happy with the democratic and republican parties to represent views of americans. 53% basically say they want third parties or multiple parties in one of the questions we asked. you can see there's a desire for something else. >> host: 7% said seeing hillary clinton name on the democratic ticket as vice president alongside president obama would make a difference. >> guest: this is an unbelievable finding. we asked the question, after they, they basically gone through half the survey, is there anyone who, if they were to announce for president, or as you say, beyond a presidential ticket, we think that the, there's a correlation there, who, who would motivate you to get out and vote? 7% said hillary clinton. she was by far the top

in fact, long practice and even academic study shows that it is the absence of religious freedom that is correlated with religious conflict and violent extremism. there is also evident that conflict is more likely when states have official religions and persecuted religious minorities. that makes sense, if you think about it. when people are treated as equal under the law, hostilities among neighbors subside and social unity has a chance to grow. so does trusted the democratic process, because people are confident their rights will be protected no matter who is in power. in other words religious freedom is one of the safety valves. it lets people have a say over important aspects of their lives, enjoying their societies fully, and channel their frustrations into constructive lives. otherwise, it is a recipe for conflict and extremism. some governments are coming to realize this. for example, in libya, since the overthrow of gaddafi, the new government has chosen not to enforce some of his lost that restricted religious activity. they have enshrined the free practice of religion in the

religious groups are using it to call for the repeal of the president's health care overhaul. >>> well, new evidence this morning about the whooping cough outbreak plaguing children across the country. a new study suggests the old vaccine actually worked better and that's because the new one is losing its effectiveness over time. who knew? abc's lisa stark has the latest. >> reporter: this could be the worst year for whooping cough in half a century. and now we may know why. a new study in the "journal of the american medical cal association looked at cases amongst adolescents in australia. man who got sick received the newer safer vaccine for whooping cough. introduced in the late 1990s. turns out the protection wears off. >> we are just now realizing exactly how long or shall we say how short the protection due to the vaccine we're now using actually is. >> reporter: when does protection diminish? around age 10. there is a spike in cases. booster shots are recommended at age 11 or 12. even those don't last. the u.s. is seeing a second wave of these highly contagious cases at age 13 and 14. this woman had her booster, but still got violently sick this winter the so did her mom. >> what got you

religious freedom foundation spoke up. they say the city will not remove the cross under any circumstances. and arizona pastor jailed for holding group bible study at his home is doing the same thing behind bars now. michael salman is serving 60 days for violating probation by hosting as many as 80 people on private property. trace gallagher is live from our los angeles bureau. >> reporter: he is an ordained pastor, the father of six and he's been serving in maricopa county's tent city jail for 30 days. he has 30 days too go. the reason he got tossed into jail in the first place is because the bible studies in his home had 80, maybe more at a time. he and his family believe they have a right to worship at their home on private property and say only family and friends came to the bible sessions, but the deal is that he went to his neighborhood association a couple of months ago and applied for a game room permit. instead of putting games in there he put in church pews, and the city says that is a violation of building, zoning and fire codes. here is michael salmon, listen. >> as long as we were using the building for social or recreation alor amu

but those who study branding say there's a big difference wean touting a cause and being too overt with religiousslamic brand. it's just not a place where brands tend to go. but when you really see what's happening now with chick-fil-a, you really understand why that's the case. >> and professor tim calkins, who you just saw there, says there are companies that assert religion without pushing it, and there's been no controversy, but once a line is crossed into a controversial issue, it can mushroom. kate? >> thank you, have a great weekend. >> you too. >>> baseball great cal ripkin is asking for public help in solving a kidnapping mystery that hit very close to home. his mother was kidnapped and held for almost 24 hours before being found safe, but very shaken. the kidnapper did use the victim's credit cards. listen to this. >> law enforcement needs your help. the investigation is moving along. if you know anything about the case, if you know anything about the identity of the person in the photos, the sketch, i would encourage all of you to call in and report what you know. for what we know righ

study by david kirby and emily ekins entitled libertarian roots of the tea party that confirms this widespread participation and the greater social tolerance that goes with it. and while the top religious right organizations like the family research council and the american family association campaign to defend doe ma, the defense of marriage act, many tea party sporters actually support efforts to revive the tenth amendment and give to states the freedom to decide marriage -- matters such as marriage law. many supported the federal district court ruling in massachusetts be -- massachusetts in 2010 that overturned section three of the defense of marriage act that forbids the federal government from recognizing valid same-sex marriages in those states that have adopted it. that decision on tenth amendment grounds was just recently upheld by a central appeals court and appears headed for the supreme court. i have a section on, chapter eight, i urge you all to read that. i'm running short on time, so i won't go into that. but that's actually a report card on all the major republican candidates that ran for president, detailing some of their background statements, and it's, for many of the

study came out about hostility toward religion in america. it shows that it's on the upswing. what do you make of that? i know you're a religiousse i want to teach my children to love god and serve other people. when those freedoms are threatened, good people need to stand up for what's right. if you do the right thing over the long haul, i believe god will bless that and that was the strategy of our forefathers which is what drove them to sacrifice their lives for the sake of their children knowing that they may not see the fruit of their labor, but their kids and grandkids would. and it was worth it. >> brian: there is two other things that happened that people say god definitely blessed this country that stand out. in 1812, the british plundered washington, d.c they're about to wipe it out and out of nowhere, a tornado hits and the british get basically blown right out of the city. we had no army left. then you have in george washington, has a choice, do i stay and fight the british in new york city or do i get out? the question is he had to get out. how does dee it? out of nowhere, a fog rolls in allowing all our soldiers t

religious people. it is right wing conservatives the overwhelming majority of christians jews and muslims are getting along fine right now today. would you agree with that statement? >> i do agree with that statement. i studiedin the upper west side in new york while the towers were coming down on 9-11. i was there walking with dan barrigan this great priest who taught plea to read the bible with new eyes. and taught me to learn about defining sin and who defines sin is power. and whether or not -- whether or not god would be violent in the world today. understanding and reading if for the first time with new eyes, you see how frank and honest the actual texts are with how we are to live in the world. >> john: god is not exactly anti-war. we'll talk about that when we come back. i think martin sheen is the modern barrigan brother. we'll be back with your calls right after this. >> announcer: radio meets television. the "bill press show." now on current tv. dose of politics from a fresh perspective. >>i'm a slutty bob hope. the troops love me. >>only on current tv. when a carpet is clean and fresh, it's irresistible. experience this in your home with resolve deep clean powder. its moist powder penetrates deep