the frontier is really responsible for all of the truly american traits and individualism and self-relines. -- self-reliance. it had created a rough democracy to where you could somehow scratch your living out of the west that gave you economic independence which gave you political independence and what are we going to do now that the basis for all those freedoms is no longer there. there was a lot of debate over where we would go as a country since the frontier was gone. you would also hear about this idea of the safety valve and that the west was a safety valve. so if you had a lot of new immigrants coming, they could go west. as they used to say "go west, young man." or if there was a recession in the east, those displaced factory workers could go west. it was really a social safety net, safety valve. so again, they were very concerned about the consequences, and it was really psychological as much as anything. it is interesting to note that one of the first films that the thomas edison did in 1894 had a western theme to it. so it is just as soon as the west was gone, there was a nostal

. >>> peru's president insists he will not reline after lsign aft started the measures to impeach him. he's accused of accepting bribes from a brazilian construction company. he says he's innocent and plans to ask the attorney general's office to publicly disclose his finances. peruvian lawmakers expect to hear from him on thursday. >>> south africa's future hangs in the balance as delegates at the african national congress face a crucial decision. >> they're choosing the ruling party's new leader. that person will likely succeed embattled president jacob zuma. his government has been mired in corruption scandals. the outcome of the election this week will likely determine the country's next leader. a journalist and talk show host joins us now. great to have you back on the show. we're going to move on to the new faces who may or may not become new anc leaders. tell me about turning the page of jacob zuma, current south african president and his speech. he seemed to blame everyone but himself for the state the country is in right now. >> you hit the nail on the head. i sat there and l

have been considered and dotted is and crossed our ts to look at the rehabilitation alternative t reline alternative and the alternative that we have been carrying in the previous 10-year c.i.p., which is the bypass alternative. and in july and august, just this last summer, we met with our management oversight committee, the m.o.c. and technical advisory pan, and they concurred with the recommendation from the team to go about with the alternative. and so that alternative meets the 95% of the water capacity standard that was established by the management oversight committee. it meets all the other performance criteria. the recommendation for downstream control is due to erosion in the tunnel and uld two include one 60-day outage and one 400-day outages to complete the in-tunnel repairs as well as the downstream control. i'll talk about downstream control in just a moment. this al term tiff is fridayer from 550 to $3 million less expensive than the bypass alternatives with downstream controls so it is very attractive from that standpoint. this table shows the costs and i don't expect you

. >> the picketers also have a grievance with mandatory overtime and the city's relines on part-time -- reliance on part-time workers. >> i have a job that's 18 hours a week if i want to make sure i'm paid throughout the whole year. if i was to max out the numbers as a temporary part-time worker early, i'd end up on unemployment. >> while talks continue, public works, library services and all city offices are closed. parking enforcement are also on strike, but out of public safety, police, fire and emergency services remain on the job and the head start programs also close and makia was also making plans for child care. >> i have to make necessary changes, get other day care, other another day care provider and i'm still able to enjoy my day. i have a great support system. >> back here live, talks ended for the day. the mayor says she plans to mediate with the union. city council will be looking at offers tomorrow in their regularly scheduled meeting and these protesters say they plan to meet again at city hall tomorrow for a second day of strikes and a fresh start. again, until thei