rene landers is a professor of health and add minute straltive law. rene, i don't know if you've been around for large scale legislation like this -- is this to be expected? is it routine? is it the kind of thing that the state is doing to protect certain of their rights? and how does it get resolved? >> well, i think that you can see when any kind of massive federal statute is enacted there will be legal challenges to it. you know, we've seen this before in other contexts. so i don't think it's at all unusual. i think probably the -- the number of states that, you know, sort of immediately challenge the statute, even before many of the provisions have gone into effect is perhaps a little bit unusual. but, again, there's been a tremendous leadout to the enactment of this statute. so it can be ready. >> there are two approaches. 13 states that have filed this case plus virginia. 14 states filing lawsuits about the legality of it. i can see why a states' attorney general would like to get clarity from the court on that. there are other states that are a