i spend a lot of time with researchers. i set aside time to hear from them about dreams, ideas and concerns. i know that you have met many of them both in your home states and on your much appreciated visits to nih. i think it is critical we asked ourselves, what are doing to foster this next generation of discovery? what can we do to help the nation remain the world leader in biomedical innovation? i believe the answers are in key areas that we could call the five key success -- five keys to success in science today. stable trajectory of support. vibrant workforce. computational power. new technologies and facilities. most of all, scientific inspiration. mr. chairman, you have outlined in what has happened in the last three years. early-stage researchers are now seeing stable trajectory of support, which provides encouragement to tackle difficult, high-risk projects. your work over the last three years is helping us to begin to reverse a distressing decade-long decline in nih purchasing power for research, which is carried

obesity researchers might start to prime time in research, you never go to prime time and research because you never have the requisite funding. director collins: we are ready to go to primetime on research with obesity. where are the scientific opportunities? you mentioned the micro biome. clearly in terms of things play out, some of that research might not actually score as obesity. that my score as diabetes project or nutrition project. some of it is the bookkeeping part. i take your point. i think this is something we worry about everyday when we meet as institute directors. are we setting the priorities properly? your input has been very helpful. >> i would begin to focus more on obesity, which seems to be an outliner. -- outlier. i know defer. >> senator warren. are we setting the priorities senator warren: the national institutes of health funds the countries top researchers and doctors, nih grants, medical breakthroughs, universities pursue cutting-edge science. i want to talk about money. i understand. nih needs money. the vast majority of nih funding comes from taxpayers. in 1990

so research is. coming in from the window very sneakily and i should be knocking at the front door and saying is it ok if i come in i love that visual julie you do workshops the research is to help them understand i'm just going to show people a tweet here the they understand what you do. best practices how do you research well how do you do this respect what's the number one lesson that you teach people . well i think as the screen just showed there the title of that research is reflective and relational and that really is the two biggest lessons first of all you need to ask yourself why you're doing it and if we are non-indigenous people doing this work why are we doing it is it simply to perpetuate racist or discriminatory ways of understanding indigenous people is it solely for our own academic careers or a professional careers what is the benefit to the community and as was just joining that video certainly having that relationship with the community is you know communities are not saying that t

biomedical research. senator lamar alexander chairs the health committee. this is an hour and 40 minutes. >> the senate committee on >> in the senate committee on health, education labor and pensions will come to order. senator bennett will have an opening statement and i will introduce the witness, national institute of health director francis collins. we will hear from dr. collins and senators will each have five minutes to ask questions. we have a vote at 10:30 a.m., not in the committee but on the floor, so we will continue straight through with questioning, senator bennett and i and other senators will share the presiding today so we can continue the discussion. not long ago i ran into a friend from vanderbilt university who was perhaps our largest contributor to cancer research. he said, "isn't it a shame that congress isn't doing anything to fund biomedical research?" this is how i replied. i said, "in december 2016, congress passed what senator mcconnell called the most important legislation of th

research equal to that of the researcher it's a hard question really. is a hard question and i think that it's one that we're still struggling with because you know there is no ethics police are just our best employees to have policies and protocols and processes in place it's really hard to communities even in academia for that matter for people to be able to actually what happened not conceive we're going to do what you need to do you propose to do but then there's nobody that's kind of holding us to account for one thing that is happening slowly but surely is community members themselves and community agencies recognise their right to say no and so the more that that happens the less likely it is for those researchers to be other get in through that window rather than knocking at the front door asking for permission because until now it's been the case that people in communities often think that they have to say yes when researchers come in because they may be physicians or whatever other profession they may be so they feel like people in communities

coming from the research bench happening at nih today 21st century cures act to advance medical research it already has been a reality for some patients with precision medicine initiative how we can those of even more to maximize the benefit to minimize the toxic side effects. that included the brain initiative to help researchers in the medical city on -- community. and with cystic fibrosis those meaningful therapies for neurological disease i look forward to hearing the progress i am interested to hear more what nih is doing to combat the opioid crisis. this committee has been actively working to respond to the epidemic but there is so much to respond to with 42000 lives lost in 2016 of almost 50000 americans in 2017, we have much more to do. thank you to the chairman for raising the role of the hearing on this subject doctor collins stated with medical research cannot happen in the silo of any one country but also to reprioritize transparency to deal with bad actors taking steps to undermine science and american efforts to do research. thank you to the chairman and the ranking member

we just want ethical research and not those ones with the helicopter researchers who fly in and and take their minds and and to kind of pick up on what the others are saying it's not only about biological samples and human remains there's lots of ways in which indigenous people are exploited in research even if it could be simply to interviewing people who are collecting so much extracting knowledge and resources from communities without giving back to them or having any benefit to them and you know a joke often in our communities is that you know you have a mom and then a couple kids and anthropologists because you know everybody is just so used to being studied all of the time so here is one other tip from someone on twitter she writes research should be a dialogue not an intrusion and she goes on to say i think some researchers might approach and this community as a commodity with regards to their work what value can this community add to my work being the driving pop process not how can we work together to do something valuable so anthony she turned it on its head but have you s

this also applies to the fashion in the back and how research compare. during the tissue of people who suffer from back pain with out of people who don't know sharon has discovered that the difference lies in the connective tissues ability to slight . in normal people we have two layers like this and they can they should be able to move by about seventy five percent of their of their legs. ah when you win when to back most and we know that in people with back pain it's reduced to about fifty percent of the of the of the ball of their blanks and so we know that there's a reduction in the amount of of sliding that occurs between layers. like a german colleague. launched from police the sounds of the connective tissue are responsible for this. whenever they produce too much college and the sliding becomes more difficult and experiments with the run up she's proved that exercise can counter this overproduction. we do experiments where we have we induce a little injury in an experimental animal very very small injury and then we randomized and want to either

and strong from mclean research mclane mr. engstrom from research labs. the lake is it the top of the list of the fastest-warming bodies of water in the world. we have a big issue we have to deal with. blooms areal increasing in frequency because of warming waters. studyuniversity led a forecasting more harmful algal blooms due to climate change, higher water temperatures, changes in rainfall, flooding, increased fertilizer runoff. that's a bad recipe for harmful algal blooms. do you agree climate change increases the occurrence and severity of harmful algal blooms? thank you, senator markey. i agree it increases some of bothbut in fact it can cut ways. and it may even cut both ways in our region. for example, if it gets too warm some species may not be able to thrive there and they will move north. it is happening with fish and many other organisms. so yes, it can get worse in some cases. but i do at least want to say that there is usually another side as well. in freshnk the case water is crystal clear, that warmth is contributing to the problem. in the

and also significant are research initiatives, competitive research programs like noaa for technology development. not only just ecological forecasting, but developing tools like mr. stubbs has mentioned, lower cost tools. there may be a myriad of technologies that are out there that companies such as ours would love to -- >> in your opinion, what should our agencies be doing to best combine satellite data with on the-the-ground senator -- sensors in order to get the most accurate mr. stubbs can answer - >> dr. anderson, do you -- >> well, the combination of those two sensor types is hugely powerful. but it's also going to be good in certain areas. it had been good on a lot of lakes, large lakes where you have these surface blooms that are easy to see from space. it's good in florida where the bloom is quite visible. satellites don't help us too much in i the gulf of maine because our species are so fox thetic -- toxic, they cause troubles even when the water is blue. but if you can put those two together, you have something, again, i keep going back to an analogy of the weather servi

will the research results be available to all for other researchers to build upon? >> great question. would have been thinking a lot about your point about young investigators. the diversity of researchers also, making sure the platform is open to everyone. and feel responsible for ensuring the things we learn on the data that is provided by our participants is returned to the scientific community and our participants. we are developing policies around ensuring researchers who required toata follow a code of conduct and share results within a specific amount of time. we are finalizing those policies. and policies around returning results back to participants. >> in the past it has been kind of siloed. certain researchers kept it, held close. what does the future hold? >> i appreciate the question. and i appreciate that 21st century cures give me authority i did not have before to require data access for studies we support. i could cajole and the past. -- in the past. but i did not have the clout to say this is a requirement. if you are getting a grant, you are requi

research for gun control. well i'm going to go and lawrence i'm going to just one thing in so research it's not a partisan issue right so we have successfully decrease deaths from car crashes without taking cars off the road we actually have no one cars on the road now than we had in the one nine hundred fifty s. and so good i mean by the way and find us ways don't let people who. don't want this right use with the idea that we should be doing research the problem is that when you go into research with the idea that guns are bad and we need to ban guns within your research is obviously going to be one with a level head with michael research that we would all like to research what we would all like to see is research that is. does not advocate but is actually unbiased research and unfortunately for the groups that do do it it's anything but i suggest let me just want to get to community and i want to get this perspective you know taking into account what you all are saying here this is mike ph d. and he writes

from herer research standpoint needs two angles. those awers. one on understanding how does it go up the watershed to better understand how this comes up ans over use of phosphorus and drain tiles we need to do more technology on the innovation like those training tiles to capture the phosphorus or the nitrogen to be absorbed we have humainking.this is in all of usi problem we all need the lands to be productive but we all need to do research around their. >> anyone else on that issue? thank you. senator? >> i would like to start that i appreciate the talk of your experience of the riche lung -- recent fishing tournament at artinginnebago you are alsoyou,. somebody who runs a for-profitle trying to bring up the nextrying husiration of enthusiasticnt anglers. so as you work to get that next generation out on the water, how do you see these algae lg blooms impacting your work in respect? >> the issue comes up when we are at and event that we support so our members go out to share the passion with young anglers and their families and we learne what

research for gun control. well i'm going to go and lawrence i'm going to just one thing in so research it's not a partisan issue right so we have successfully decreased deaths from car crashes without taking cars off the road we actually have no one desires on the road now than we had in the one nine hundred fifty s. and so good either way and find us ways don't let people who. don't want this right use with idea that we should be doing research the problem is that when you go into research with the idea that guns are bad and we need to ban guns within your research is obviously going to be when was the last one and we've searched every with all our research what we would all like to see is research that is. does not answer advocate but is actually unbiased research and unfortunately for the groups that do do it it's anything but. let me i'm excited just want to get to community and i want to get this perspective you know taking into account what you all are saying here this is mike ph d. and he writes in in t

research for gun control. well i'm going to go and lawrence i'm going to just one thing in so research it's not a partisan issue right so we have successfully decrease deaths from car crashes without taking cars off the road we actually have no one cares on the road now than we had in the one nine hundred fifty s. and so good i mean by the way and find us ways don't let people who. don't want this right used with the idea that we should be doing research the problem is that when you go into research with the idea that guns are bad and we need to ban guns within your research is obviously going to be when was the last leg with michael research where we would all like to research what we would all like to see is research that is. does not advocate but is actually unbiased research and unfortunately for the groups that do do it it's anything but i suggest let me i'm on the side just want to get to community and i want to get this perspective you know taking into account what you all are saying here this is mike p

of charlotte's wel clinical research on the safety or efficacy of charlotte's wei clinical researchn the safety or efficacy of charlotte's weli clinical research on the safety or efficacy of charlotte's wet clinical research on the safety or efficacy of charlotte's wel clinical research on the safety or efficacy of charlotte's wee clinical researcclinical resear safety inical research on the safety ortle clinical research on the safety or efficacy of charlotte's we sch con gov heroin. serious research in this country on marijuana treatments has been spa no know, has said, okay, buddy, you with this stuff, you're giving this to kids with epilepsy? are you nuts? you know, has the fda called you and said, where's the proof? >> we can't go making claims that are not approved by the fda and we don't. the resounding theme we get back from the regulatory agencies and the medical community is, um, let's research this. that was not being said a few years ago. now it is being said. >> reporter: miracle or not, it is precisely this oil, charlotte's web, that theresa elder back in virginia was

we had researchers from that very day particularly dedicated to just researching hillary clinton, evaluating all her public statements, going out into the field and doing research, at libraries, courthouses, whereever we needed to go to compile this incredible document that was used throughout the gop ecosystem in the 2016 campaign. america rising was there when hillary clinton started her book tour. if you remember the shadow campaign that she had started when she was going around the country and talking about her book, america rising was there with the freedom of information request, for example, that showed that she had made huge sums off of speaking at taxpayer-funded universities. we were also the ones to be unwinding the very complex ties between the clinton foundation and the state department. thererica rising was early and often, which i think was the lesson from 2016. you know, i think -- it is not true anymore that simply one gaff or instance defines a candidate, you really need to build that narrative. for 2020, the way that 2016 is in forming efforts is starting the process early

as well as aeronautics research. there four main strengths i bring to the table. first, over and over again, i have led organizations through difficult situations by creating an atmosphere of collaborative teamwork that turns visions and goals into reality. when i was on the appropriations staff director we got all the appropriations bills done. but that entailed getting consensus with democrat and republican members, their staff, the agencies, cbo, the house, omb and the white house. one year, only two bills were expected to pass. we worked both sides of the island together 13 were and acted. to do that it took a complete command of the federal budget and legislative processes. that was a feat then and as we see, it remains one today. second, i able to focus on helping to lead a situation that continually tends toward disorder. that goes from helping manage most of the senate's operations to quickly reacting to cybersecurity threats. third, nasa is blessed with the most extraordinary and energized professionals whos

that's why i'm going to see marina today she's a researcher who could interpret that. brought a couple of samples on video. because she recognizes a lot in our voices things like volume and pitch this isn't one that's arrived it was recorded during feeding then we do a lot of math calculation number of things what are the basic frequencies and here we can see the areas in purple that is the area of maximum energy what we call frequency. those are the parameters we used to describe the vocalizations. that should be easy enough when i sit in front of my. eyes cuts and visits and i can actually pass and it would probably say that's a feed me. and forget you have to remember there's a context to the me out when you can't sit in front of its bow miaowing then you'll probably go to your cache and see the bowl. and then i look cool you'll interpret that behavior and no right it wants to be fed the taste but that doesn't necessarily mean it's a typical fede mean yeah. that's true you often get it wrong sometimes we just want attention that's my body. and alexis. covert manipul

and researchers elsewhere are also turning out exciting results of a team in the us. likewise experimenting with electrical brain stimulation the u.s. army is using the research to a drone pilots who have to stare at screens for hours on end looking for proverbial needles in haystacks and the slightest lapse in concentration could mean disaster. transcranial brain stimulation can significant increase concentration and attention span. so we're looking at our future. and evidently there will be debate over the extent to which we should employ something like neuro enhancement to improve the natural functions of the brain events or doesn't and i'm among those who see it with a critical life because you have to ask yourself just how much you're willing to interfere and such an organized we only do it with other organs when they're not functioning like putting a pacemaker in a diseased heart and you've always got to ask what side effects are going to have and to what extent boosting one particular brain ability might weaken another. but lots of questions are open so this fo

research for gun control. well i'm going to go and lawrence i'm going to just one thing in so research it's not a partisan issue right so we have successfully decreased deaths from car crashes without taking cars off the road we actually have no one cars on the road now than we had in the one nine hundred fifty s. and so good i mean by the way and find us ways don't let people who. don't want this right use with the idea that we should be doing research the problem is that when you go into research with the idea that guns are bad and we need to ban guns within your research is obviously going to be when was the last leg with michael research where we would all like research what we would all like to see is research that is. does not advocate but is actually unbiased research and unfortunately for the groups that do do it it's anything but i suggest let me i'm on the side just want to get to community and i want to get this perspective you know taking into account what you all are saying here this is mike ph d.

there needs to be more research.oday but you can't have definitive research for another couple of years because the product has only been available forjust over a decade. and it is possible there could be side effects affecting lungs. but we don't have any authoritative research although there have been reports here and there have been reports here and there that there could be problems. soi there that there could be problems. so i think the answer is do you want the public health benefit which brings smokers of tobacco or do we wait some time for research and that will affect the lives of people who might have gone on to them? the other point the research raises is making them more available for use in public services, maybe outside train or bus stations. will that affect other travellers who say they don't like the vapour around them? many questions not yet answered but certainly an ongoing debate. thank you, hugh pym, our health editor. the italian government has begun a formal investigation into the private opera

while doing research for. homosexuality. compounds which can attach to and detach from certain parts of d.n.a. . the receptor sites and thousands of cells to see which ones contain and which ones didn't. find the data he was looking. at the data connections and that's when he made a significant discovery. i couldn't believe it turned out as a huge effect on the i. discovered that the. change. at certain points the number of markers changes. changes. at certain points the number of markers changes. changes so. speaking. to an hour. findings are based on three hundred fifty three. from these average he found it's possible to have someone with an error margin of three point. regardless of his findings no scientific journal would publish. seemed almost too good to be true. come to him and he said i had a way to measure age that applies to every cell the exact same formula every time. it was like i was describing a unicorn to resume ologist and they were saying there's no such thing go away. but home but persevered and finally co

also significant our research initiatives, competitive research programs like noaa for technology development. not only just ecological forecasting, but developing tools like mr. stubbs has mentioned, lower-cost tools. there may be a myriad of technologies out there that companies such as ours would love to -- senator markey: what should our agencies be doing to combine satellite data with non-the-ground sensors to get the most accurate picture of what is occurring with these harmful blooms? mr. engstrom: i don't want to be imprecise. in that i am not a scientist. think that maybe dr. anderson could answer that. >> the combination of those two sensor types is hugely powerful, but it's only going to be good in certain areas. it will be good on a lot of large lakes where you have surface blooms that are easy to see from in its good in florida with a bloom is quite visible. satellites don't help much in the gulf of maine because our species are so toxic, they cause trouble even when the water looks blue. so it's a qualified question. but if you can put those two together, you have something. i k

we had the opportunity, myself and members of the research team had the opportunity to go to a bbc research retreat last week, which was really cool. the bbc had a three-day retreat on how they measure their audiences and the effectiveness of their programs with their audiences. we are really grateful, they really opened the doors and talked about everything they are doing, faults and effectiveness. for the first time, i think, discussed research they had done that showed they were making mistakes in particular markets. discussed research that showed their metrics had been off for a number of years, based on improper sampling. and mention all that to say it was a really frank conversation, and the call was not, we are doing it right, do it like us. the goal was, here is what we learned, how can we do this better moving forward? a couple big questions worth mentioning here. first off, one more thing. when i talk about research at the broadcasting board of governors, one of the priorities i hope to institutionalize is that research is only effective if it is applicable and can be understood b

members of the research team had a chance to go to the bbc research retreat last week. the bbc had a three day would how theyon measure their audiences and how they measure the effectiveness of their programs with the audiences. we are really grateful they literally opened up the doors and talk about everything they're doing with faults and effectiveness. is the first time being discussed of the research that showed they had made mistakes particularly in markets and discussed research that showed their metrics have been offer a number of years based on improper sampling. i mention all that to say it was a really frank on the station and the goal is not to say we are doing it right and you should do it like us. here's what we have learned and we would like to hear what you have learned and try to figure out how we can do this better moving forward. a couple kind of the questions that came up are worth mentioning here. i will just mention one more thing. when i talk about research at the broadcasting board of governors, one of the priorities i hope to be able to instituti

bottom line, understanding options can frame future research. they lead all the way back into the beginning of the path, which is why i said at the beginning, a mythical straight-line path, it is more of an iterative process of collaboration. that can give us the knowledge and expertise and collaboration we need to really define what is an adaptation focused research, development demonstration agenda that would be a worthwhile investment for the united states to make at this time in collaboration with global partners. last thing i will say, if you don't want to remember anything i just said, this is the title i wish i had, right? adapting a user center philosophy, or how i learned to stop worrying about climate change model and helped people make adaptation decisions, with apologies to stanley kubrick. [laughter] thanks. [applause] bruce: you said a half hour. i think you are still under half an hour. i will not be very long. raj really addressed what was the core of the first section of the paper, the better information and to queue up a set of

can also the research is still in its infancy and michelle cleaver shows differences between men and women but also to non-binary various. tests with a grain of we expected to discover that there were no fixed categories you know instead it's a continuum our brain develops into what can be classed as more male or more female . on the basis of biological hormonal and chromosomal influence. it's not static but develops in interaction with our environment and our experience with. the brain can't be clearly identified as having one single sex it's a mix of male female and the many shades in between. one shot shock of electricity and frankenstein's monster is jolted into life. in the classic film based on the novel written by mary shelley that's all it takes . but what happens in real life when electricity is applied to regions of the brain. research is that the university hospital of zurich want to give our brains acoustic so question wolf and his team have wired up their test subjects. and the experiment begins now. over the subjects don't actually feel a thing transcranial brain stimul

that something that's puzzled researchers for a long time. they watched the swimming fish over and over again. but they found the decisive clue in an old russian book there was some great britain work in the fifty's and sixty's in russia with a guy called dmitri ruddock of who was the first person to actually realize that the interactions among these individuals could produce emergent properties and he tracks the motion of fifths by projecting city fall on a wall and tracking with each individual goes with a pencil and he speculated that in future this is going to become increasingly important. on the sound how and why this form schools. in carson and his colleagues took on the idea and refined it with the help of modern technology. they've created bar codes to attach to the fishes dorsal fin. each fish gets one of these individual markers so they can be clearly identified at any time. when they're released into the big pool. as expected the fish moved from shadow to shadow. the camera footage of the swarms movement is then analyzed using sof

back then animal testing was standard practice in toxicology research but over time the two researchers grew skeptical. but the turning point for me was when i was later working in the pharmaceutical industry developing medications often. we noticed time and time again how the results we were seeing in animals never had the same effect in subsequent clinical trials. thomas heart on his show you students the fruits of his work in baltimore software that evaluates a huge database of animal tests. shows that experiments on one species already meaningful for other species. now the data doesn't look as convincing. an initial observation of a severe i irritate in iraq. it can only be reproduced in a repeated test in seventy percent of cases. in twenty percent of cases you get a mild eye reaction and then the other ten percent there's no effect at all. on the results are even more inaccurate when applied to humans. than for. trying to establish whether a substance is carcinogenic and then out of turn carcinogenic substances available only one will genuinely cause cancer in humans so those resu

the promising research that we see at home at the k.u. alzheimer's disease center demonstrates the benefits of n.i.h. utilizing partnerships to increase research capacity that yield results. it is critical to note that n.i.h.'s ability to support alzheimer's research at academic institutions such as k.u. is dependent upon stable annual appropriations. that stable annual appropriation is also important for us to be able to attract the best and the brightest researchers in this country who need to know that there is a stable source of research dollars for them to continue their efforts at finding this cure and the delay of the onset. so many of us care for people who have been affected by alzheimer's and serious illnesses. this unfortunate circumstance that many share should be made, get easy to rally behind n.i.h. in hopes of that cure and improving the lives of those we love. this is the fourth -- excuse me for saying that. i'm proud to say that with this proposed increase of $425 million in fiscal year 2019, we have now worked to nearly

global change research program. so, i very much like your slide, raj, but it seems at odds with what you were saying in your linear chain, which is you want to stop worrying about climate change models, but you also made a strong argument for much more local climate information so that seems to be opposed. so, can you talk a little bit more about that. >> thank you for calling me out on that. >> no problem. [laughter] >> it's a little bit tongue in cheek. what i was trying to say is that for me it's been an important evolution to sort of not only think about climate change models, but also think about this other thing. and my historic sort of background as a climate scientist was to imagine that climate models were god's gift to humanity and they are. [laughte [laughter]. >> guest: but, and this is my way of reminding myself it's important what context they're used and how they are formed. it's a reminder to myself to think about the whole chain, but not the whole model. i don't mean to diminish the importance of th

what do you make of this research?en hp plant —based and if you eat carbohydrates, again, they should be non—refined, less processed carbohydrates. for example, a typical westerner meal would be stea k typical westerner meal would be steak and chips and the report is saying that stick is very high protein and carbohydrate are very poor quality. what we need to be doing is eating more plant —based types of protein and going back to eating more whole foods and a lot more vegetables. there has been a bit of a proliferation of low carb diets or no carb diets. have they been wrong? the atkins diet came out yea rs been wrong? the atkins diet came out years ago but that encourages due to eat more protein. what i have got to stress is that we do not eat proteins and carbohydrates individually. we eat food and it is a full foot which contains fat, carbohydrate and protein. when you see a local carbohydrate diet it is never really that low. it is still 30% carbohydrates so it is still a bird of your diet. what it is stressing is

, field research that will go into ultimately developing the research books and the entire compendium on these various individuals. we already have a dedicated team that just looks at 2020, if you can believe it. as our 2018 researchers busy themselves on work on the house and senate side. host: also joining us is al weaver. he covers politics for the "washington examiner." al: hi, alex. thanks for joining us. you mentioned the many candidates who will be running in 2020. you mentioned the opposition book on hillary clinton, i would like to get into that a little bit. how many opposition books do you plan to come out with in 2020? how many candidates are you looking into as you head into this endeavor? what does that look like? alex: i think as a baseline, we will be looking to anybody who expresses interest in running, including traditional and nontraditional candidates. if 2016 taught us anything, it is that president trump was able to claw through an otherwise very traditional group of politicians, and ultimately win the republican nomination. so, you know, i think it would be unwi

put research and evidence. we want to make sure we don't just have an index that we are -- antidotes that we are relying on. we rely on the research of so many of those here in the room. we also conduct our own research. this year, i'm really excited, we have something called online safety across the generations coming out in november where we are talking to parents and seniors. we want to know about when grandparents are doing online come issues they are encountering, where they go to learn how to be safe online. we are looking at that and trying to look a different demographics, making sure we understand what a low income population is encountering online. what resources might need to be created for someone in a spanish-speaking household. we need to make sure that all of us working on research in this space are looking at all of these different diverse populations to make sure we are able to create the right tools and resources that can be used and can help empower people as well. we would love to see more r

research still a long way to go. not know the prevalence of gender—based violence in sport. it is about getting that research to try to ascertain the prevalence of the issue. i spoke to professor elizabeth pike and she explained exactly what gender—based violence is. it is violence directed against anybody on the basis of their agenda all violence that is disproportionately pointed to a specific gender. non—accidental harm, deliberate harm against somebody. it is inclusive of verbal, non—verbal, physicalviolence somebody. it is inclusive of verbal, non—verbal, physical violence and sexual harassment and abuse. behind all of these statistics, some personal stories and you have been speaking to people that have been affected by gender—based violence. speaking to people that have been affected by gender—based violencelj spoke to karen who was a former irish swimmer who had big dreams of going to the olympics one day but between the age of ten and 17, she was abused by her swimming coach who was abused by her swimming co

for professor garman basic principles of medical research are at stake. therapeutic trials are generally a last resort for patients with life threatening conditions an option when there are no alternatives. indian file in this case we're talking about a therapeutic trial of a treatment that hasn't been approved in germany not a clinical trial that progresses from one step to the next. what happened here is that invasive surgery was the very first step. i would recommend that researches launch a regular clinical study round and carry out the sensational procedures. to once again the world medical associations policy statement supports her stance according to these ethical guidelines a physician may use an unproven treatment with informed consent but this intervention should subsequently be subjected to rigorous clinical research clinical trials of uterine transplants are under way in north america asia and several european countries but not yet in germany the scientists in to begin believe transplantation holds promise for women who were born without a ute

members of the research team had a chance to go to the bbc research retreat last week. the bbc had a three-day retreat on how they measure their audiences and how they measure the effectiveness of their programs with the audiences. we are really grateful they literally opened up the doors and talk about everything they're doing with faults and effectiveness. it is the first time being discussed of the research that showed they had made mistakes particularly in markets and discussed research that showed their metrics have been offer a number of years based on improper sampling. i mention all that to say it was a really frank on the station and the goal is not to say we are doing it right and you should do it like us. it was here's what we have learned and we would like to hear what you have learned and try to figure out how we can do this better moving forward. a couple kind of the questions that came up are worth mentioning here. i will just mention one more thing. when i talk about research at the broadcasting board of governors, one of the priorities i hope to be able