that's our role as individual researchers, as groups of researchers in centers and things like that. but when we do that, which is again appropriate, we tend to miss the big picture. that is the box top of the puzzle. but the box top is really important. because it looks far different when you look at the box top and you consider the research capabilities and funding across all of the components of the research enterprise, all the sectors i mentioned previously. the private sector, the academic sector, the nonprofit sector and private companies. so academia, industry, nonprofits, and agencies. so those all compose this enterprise. we need to step back and look at that box top. we need to think more in terms of the enterprise as a whole, not just about our piece of the enterprise. also portfolios across this enterprise. rather than our piece or a bunch of individual pieces. the pieces are very important because they represent us. they represent our centers. but how they fit together is extremely important and how they create the entire whole, the box top is really critical to our futu

like all of you, as a researchers -- researcher and former vice president for research, i know how important this is and how much it impacts researchers directly. the insidious thing about this burden is it steals intellectual resources from a human being. that's not something you can monetize. i think even doing so is sort of discrediting researchers. but as a meteorologist, being discredited is something i i'm used to so i monetized it anyway. turns out, these aren't my numbers but i've talked to various folks who have made guesstimates about how much money is basically wasted, talk about waste, fraud, and abuse, wasted on unnecessary administrative burdens. it return into -- it run into a few billion a year that could be recaptured if we are able to reduce these unnecessary burdens. this is something that we are going to get done. as we look to the future, it is not an exaggeration to say that the security of our nation, the strength of our people and the well being of the entire world depend upon america fulfilling its scientific and technological potential. our discoveries spread knowle

what are investments in research, not only technology research, but also research to the health and otheras of research should we further identified to mitigate and maybe remedy these risks? >> thank you for the question. it is such an important issue. as i mentioned before, the total federal investment in this area is really incredibly small. a review by the office of management and budget several years ago that the nih budget in this area is less than 0.02% of the budget. it is likely falling since then. cdc gets a little bit of money to work with communities. what we are seeing our communities who are disadvantaged and don't have access to those that can help them. they don't have access. very few departments of health have access to the kinds of tools that they need. we have enormous opportunities to build on the research enterprise to improve the health of americans right now. it would be excellent if that investment would take place so that could start soon. >> thank you. >> thank you. hear from ms. hill for five minutes. >> thank you. to our guests, i want to thank you so much for

on research that yield solution is output for. gatti a hook to develop systems to optimize power grids to accommodate the increasing share of electricity from green renewables to do so she deploys some heavy duty mathematics. doesn't move for sterilization and electric grid is enormous and it's a big mathematical problem and off the wall our aim is to develop solutions that enhance its efficiency and thus optimize its operation. that that means that the fish at least. as more and more energy is derived from renewable wind and solar sources there are more fluctuations in power grids. when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't shine no electricity is generated. hook wants to smooth out this variable output. the thirty three our goal is that consumers won't even notice those fluctuations the grid should be as reliable of it's always been tight. she's exploring models that will allow decentralized management of smaller subsections of the grid. by responding quickly to local fluctuations in power delivery and use the large scale gri

and research laboratories. the results of which are crucial to understanding climate change impacts and knowledge that will help decision makers in eac decf us prepare for a future with even more distracted whether. more work is needed to confirm these relationships though many are already coming into focus. thank you again for inviting me to be here. >> good morning and thank you for having me located here in washington we work to promote public policy and particularly in climate we promote a mainstream understanding nothing to be afraid of and on the policy side we support market-based policies to support greenhouse gas emissions. the committee asks that we comment on the united nations panel on climate change special report on global warming of 1.5 as was the fourth national climate assessment prepared by the grc and i'd like to talk about those reports. climate change is real. manifestations are increasingly observed and attributed to global emissions. as it continues they will manifest themselves causing e

yet been researching? -- during the peers that have been researching? -- during the period that you have been researching? prof. gutierrez-romine: absolutely. the use of antibiotics drastically decreases mortality associated with illegal abortions after the 1930's. it actually contributes to this decline in illegal abortion mortality after. more people are using antibiotics. more women are choosing to go to a hospital right away if they experience complications from their procedures. this was not the case before the 1930's. if a woman had an illegal abortion in the 1910's or the 1920's and she was suffering from complications, she often did not go to a physician until it was too late. there were no antibiotics with which to treat those women. it was often too late for a lot of these women who died of infection associated with an unclean, illegal and unhygienic abortion. after the 1930's, mortality decreases, even in illegal abortions. steve: you're based in california. where do you go for research? what are your sources? prof. gutierrez-romine: i got my

it's a concept of particular interest to aerospace researcher daniel schubert. he's been looking for ways of ensuring a supply of fresh food for astronauts on a moon base or in a trip to mars. the main problem is the sheer weight of the soil required. heaters every kilo i take into orbit costs between twenty and forty thousand euros so taking soil to the moon or to mars would make the trip even more expensive a lot more expensive. that's one reason why aerospace researchers are looking into hydroponics systems they've proved to be a very efficient and practical method of growing food. the plants grow with their roots dangling in the air that required the researches to design special trays that hold the plants in place. here in the lab conditions are tailored to maximize plant growth even the lighting is set to the optimum color for the plants. instead of soil the roots take in water and nutrients from a spray solution released every sixty seconds via nozzles like this one. compared to traditional farming system makes a ninety percent saving on water and fertiliz

you do find it futile research, and i'm sure you believe it's very important. can you tell us route to the current administration policy is in regards to that. >> and fetal tissue research has been controversial for a long time. it has been studied by other administrations at other times. the fact is, and has resulted in significant medical advances in certain circumstances. take the development of the polio vaccine is just one exple. or, how to understand the virus called, zeke does what it does in terms of affecting the development of a microcephaly problem. we also use fetal tissue to understand the immune system to understand the ways with hiv aids, and cancer. there's no question this is an area of science that has made contributions. >> there is a revulsion the idea of using aborted fetuses can look to be using those, their body parts essential for scientific research. >> i totally understand the reaction that people have about this idea. at the same time, those if you don't tissues are otherwise being discarded. that may they also travel other people. wh

investment in research nanotechnology research but also research to help and other pairs of researcho further identify and mitigate and maybe remedied these risks? >> thank you for the question. it is such an important issue. as a naked before, the total federal investment in this area is really incredibly small. a review by the office of management and budget several years ago said the nh budget in this area is less than 0.0 2% of the budget and is likely fallen since then. cdc gets a limit of money to work with communities pics of what we're saying our communities who are disadvantaged and don't have access to those who can help them. have access to the research. very few departments of health have access to the kinds of tools that they need and we've got enormous opportunities to build on the research enterprise to improve the health of americans right now and will be excellent if that investment would take place so that that can start soon. >> thank you. thank you, madam chair. >> thank you. next we will hear from ms. hill for five minutes. >> thank you, madam chair. so to our gu

the research is both time consuming and expensive.but it would be nearly impossible without the help of the artificial tongue. the same size head with this tongue with these artificial so. ells we can test thousands of substances for their properties we can find out if they're sweet or better and do it within a very short time. each of these test tubes hold cells from a human tongue that react to the samples when the cells register sweet they generate messengers if they're detected the system generates a light signal the many bright dots here indicate that beetroot is promising. but the artificial tongue alone can't make any choices. only the real deal can detect decisive subtleties and nuances. and two samples are being tested today the second is a natural substance found in beetroot will it pass the human taste test. the first sample tasted sweeter the second one left a slightly metallic aftertaste that's an automatic elimination of the beetroot compound has failed to pass the audition for scientists aren't interested in samples tha

as i began to research so as i -- so as i began that research in the mid-1990's, i started work on the previous two books. first, i had been planning to write about salem witchcraft for several years, and i taught an undergraduate seminar. as all professors know, teaching a subject one is interested in writing about is always helpful in sharpening one's thinking. second, a great many books had already been published about the witchcraft trials, unlike my other writings. so i had a plethora of secondary works to guide me to interpretations and sources. but many of those books, i discovered, were replete with sorts.f various i guarantee, you can't trust most of the published stuff on salem witchcraft, but that alerted me i needed to be very careful with the evidence and check primary sources whenever possible. third, it was helpful most of the surviving court records had transcribed in the 1930's and published in a modern addition in the 1970's. now there is a new, more accurate addition a list by cambridge university press under the direction of an international editorial team, so now w

researcher 1: anyone care to volunteer your kid? researcher 2: anyone?ds are not an experiment. protect them from e-cigarettes. [music ends] ♪ ♪ gerry: i'm back with glenn hubbard, former chairman of the white house council of economic advisers. as i said at the start, socialism is back envogue. it's been a long time since people have been talking about socialism in sort of serious policy terms. the democrats do seem to be committed to a whole range of politics, certainly very significant government expansion. why do you think we've got into this situation where serious politicians, presidential candidates, leaders in congress are proposing really pretty radical expansion of the government role in the economy? >> well, i think the big feature of an economic system, whatever you want to call it, is that it deliver mass prosperity. there are a number of americans, including many young people, that question whether the market-oriented system we all are familiar with generates that mass prosperity. socialism's not the answer to that question, but i can defin

they know about pain research. i think they're are the best people to make a decision like that and to pull the experts together. they have done the best job with the national pain strategy and with everything else. i really don't think it belongs in the cdc. >> thank you and thank you again for making the effort to come today. dr. gazelka: i think the best thing that could happen with the cdc guidelines is that people understand what they were intended for. they were intended to advise primary care providers. they were not intended to provide hard and fast rules. i actually like the cdc guidelines. at the risk of having tomatoes thrown at me, we use those guidelines to format chronic pain management guidelines at the mayo clinic. i think they have a lot of good advice on how you monitor a patient appropriately when you place them on opioids. the doses that are mentioned probably are not scientifically -based and we would prefer that they would be, but they do not use chronic opioids. they suggest doses or you migh

it is a problem in research. it is a problem when we see patients and it contributes significantly to the stigma that surrounds the treatment. not only of chronic pain but of addiction and of mental health disorders. i think it is a significant issue. >> i'm not sure how we address that. being aware of that is certainly a critical part of it. >> i think awareness and i think education, both for patients and providers. >> and i understand, people of color, the same. >> there are definitely studies that show that, yes. >> i wanted to ask you, can you share your experience in providing a healthcare provider who helped you manager pain and your thoughts on how congress can help make sure providers have the tools they need to support patients who live with pain? >> it is a great question. i have asked myself after five years, why did it take so long to find somebody and what was so special about this doctor that finally helped me? it wasn't anything miraculous. i think that is the important message. he empathized with

without having a real good research base, we're just flying blind. >> what prohibits the research base? >> the fact it's not legal. >> just wanted to get that in the record that we're scheduled -- it's a scheduled substance so it limits the amount of research considerably that can go into both the pros and the cons of this. yes, okay. thank you. dr. gazelka? >> i don't think that we know that marijuana is not addictive. i've certainly seen patients who have excessively used marijuana. not medical marijuana perhaps but pot. and it is believed to be an addictive substance. and it is, you know, not that many years ago we heard opioids weren't addictive. so we have to proceed with caution, as with anything else. i think the inconsistency among the products that are produced with the ratio of cbd to thc, et cetera is an important component of this that will factor in when it's being researched. but i think the impediment has been it's a schedule 2 -- a schedule 1 substance, rather, sorry, and it's not permissibly prescribed by providers. but i do think that there may be some significant are

i have a research request. there are probably a lot of experts here who could help me figure it out faster. i have a letter into the queue through the german archives, the old red cross administered archives. you can do it now online. that's where i found the documentation of my aunt who did something similar and we got the papers of one he and my grandmother joined the nazi party. donald: tell them a little bit about your grandfather's refusal to answer your question. jessica: it's funny. at some point i was saying to my sister, i don't know why i didn't press him more when he was alive, how did i let him get off the hook? i didn't ask him more questions. how did i not get more information and more stories from him at about that time? she turned to me and she said, i know, because he was mean. [laughter] jessica: he was a very difficult person. he was clearly scarred in many ways by that experience and toughened. there was a real veneer of don't -- it was fairly impenetrable how to get to that. i think that is

damian: you're a stanford researcher.you can't have bias in your reporting, it has to be analytical, it has to be factual, and you can't opine. forest: that's correct. damian: how vital is that that, that that's the kind of end result that you're going to come up with? forest: remaining neutral is absolutely important. and of course, as a researcher, i don't have a choice because i have to follow where the data and the facts take me, you know? and when i start off, i start off with the assumption there is no wage theft. and i need to prove to myself that there is wage theft. and so, i try hard to show that there is no wage theft. and to date, i have not been able to prove that. no matter how hard i try, i have only found evidence that there is wage theft, i found evidence that it's widespread, i found evidence that it's hidden, and i found evidence--i've had it difficult finding evidence that there's anywhere that doesn't have wage theft, in fact. damian: your report will go where, and what will be done with it at the end

is much harder than the researchers make a walk through. your hands a time a length of time out of breath will this what he called with a view. over his ears. there are two more chicks the need their checkups today from the nest called hugo. huge. only. a problem of the known dead from the learn as. you go one is a little over a month away from being ready to fledge or take its first flight more than a teacup is needed to hold this bird as its weight. by this age the wings in the feet are almost the size of an adult. so the climber up top just yell down saying that she saw a lightning strike and she thinks there's a storm by ten or fifteen minutes away obviously not good to be at the top of the tall tree during a lightning storm and these macaws don't do well in the rain so it's time to hurry up right. a few more photos and it's time to bring out hugo to a nest with two healthy chicks is rare i was lucky enough to see several including these two guys look so different three days. that the system is in. use or side veterinarian elizabeth por

is much harder than the researchers make a walk through for. more hands a time a length of time out of breath will be sweaty. with the view. over his ears. there are two more chicks the need their checkups today from the nest called hugo. huge. only. a problem of the known dead from the learn as. you go one is a little over a month away from being ready to fledge or take its first flight more than a teacup is needed to hold this bird as its weight. by this age the wings in the feet are almost the size of an adult and. so the climber up top just yell down saying that she saw a lightning strike and she thinks there's a storm by ten or fifteen minutes away obviously not good to be at the top of the tall tree during a lightning storm and these are cars don't do well in the rain so it's time to hurry up right here. a few more photos and it's time to bring out hugo to nest with two healthy chicks is rare i was lucky enough to see several including these two guys look so different three days. that the system is in. use a precise veterinarian elizabeth

francis' research focuses on

is much harder than the researchers make a walk through. your hands a time my legs are tired out of breath to move or sweaty. with a view it's overfished. there are two more chicks the need their checkups today from the nest called hugo. huge. only. a problem of the known dead from the learn as. you go one is a little over a month away from being ready to fledge or take its first flight more than a teacup is needed to hold this bird as its weight. by this age the wings in the feet are almost the size of an adult. so the climber up top just yelled down saying that she saw a lightning strike and she thinks there's a storm by ten or fifteen minutes away obviously not good to be at the top of the tall tree during a lightning storm and these macaws don't do well in the rain so it's time to hurry up right. by a few more photos and it's time to bring out hugo to a nest with two healthy chicks is rare i was lucky enough to see several including these two guys look so different three days. that the system is in. use a precise veterinarian elizabeth

and let me tell you see that research station the neighbors are celebrating. because it's turning ten but it's called neumeier three what's that about. well sadly the first two stations they tried to set up here failed due to design flaws. no mio one and two were crushed by the icy buildup of snow so eventually both had to be abandoned but that hopefully won't be the case with neumeier three fish the new station weighs two thousand three hundred tons and it stands on top of sixteen hydraulic stilts. they can be moved up and down the platform is designed to perch about six metres above the ice. that's why there's always so much snow being moved around. but neumeier three isn't meant to remain in this exact location forever the station is on the move every day the ice shelf it stands on migrates about forty centimeters in the direction of the sea. career so what's the point of it all. while every day the researchers here collect data about the weather and the atmosphere. and sometimes they dig deep to find out about earthquakes. and they're interested in us too

well every day the researchers here collect data about the weather and the atmosphere. and sometimes they dig deep to find out about earthquakes. and they're interested in us too of course. they measure our bills and weighings and take samples of our blood and feathers there especially curious about our offspring it's all in the name of science. what else the researchers do the same kinds of things here that they might do back home or so they say. they have to keep fit too after all living here isn't a walk in the park the temperature outside sometimes drops to minus fifty degrees celsius. leave them to get on with whatever it is you do. tell be coming to pay us another visit soon enough. but for now. ten heightened was head of station at nine maya three we spoke to him and see things off with payments of cook's obviously everybody lost and everybody wants to meet the band we. also. did we. took every opportunity because. yeah. people always tend to think that whenever it's very whole you might have a cold which is not true. catching a cold always includes being exposed

here at about eighty research stations. germany's noir meyer's three is one of them the antarctic offers a unique environment the world's greatest quantity of fresh waters here frozen solid neumeier three sits atop sixteen hydraulic stilts they keep it from sinking into the snow to be crushed like some of its forerunners. gear outside the temperatures minus fifty degrees celsius that doesn't stop the researchers though they measure the sounds of the antarctic ocean and movements in the earth using seismometers. they also collect data on the atmosphere including information on gases that escape into it and contribute to climate change and they observe the weather the whole year round. but noir threes days are numbered the ice on which it sits is sliding towards the ocean but until it heads out to sea the station will keep on delving into the secrets of the ice. to the champions league knockout stages then knew we were all hoping for a dramatic clash between two great clubs liverpool and bar and we'll make it was liverpool ho

did you do research as you are writing and then do additional research after writing?essica: that's a great question. i think of the two of them as being totally entwined. i have a friend who talks about how researching for historical fiction is about -- is like swimming. you can't do all your breathing and take all your strokes. i feel the same way. i think i had a foundation of research just because of my lifelong interest in the subject. i had done a lot of reading before i ever started this book. but then it was a constant kind , now i need to understand what was going on in 1923 in dortmund and what was happening in that community to understand why this person ended up 20 , so i would put the writing aside and delve into researching. i have to say as a historical researcher, i have to think about how people did historical research before the internet. while of course you have to start with books and make sure you are reading vetted sources, there are so many amazing nuggets of granular information that you can get online. writing ace, i'm scene with a girl standin

but the research i am doing which is a private larger research project looking at the promise and peril of travel internationally for african- americans since world war i is how these guides also featured international destinations. starting in 1949 they featured everywhere from bermuda, throughout the caribbean as well as europe and africa . to try to help african-americans who are traveling abroad to understand the spaces that would be hospitable to them as well. part of what i am doing in my research is getting us to figure out how to think about this document. not just in terms of what it tells us about domestic travel but international travel for african-americans as well. >> let's take it one step further, we talked about african-american soldiers with white soldiers in world war ii, women working in factories during the war . did it all begin to change her was an evolution of how women were viewed, how african-american men and women were reviewed post-world war ii? >> things began to change not in the sense of a national evolution because african- american women and other groups

is much harder than the researchers make a walk through for. more hands a time a length of time out of breath he will be sweaty. with a view. over his ears. there are two more chicks the need their checkups today from the nest called hugo. huge. only. a problem of the known here from the learn as. you go one is a little over a month away from being ready to fledge or take its first flight more than a teacup is needed to hold this bird as its weight. by this age the wings in the feet are almost the size of an adult and. so the climber up top just yelled down saying that she saw a lightning strike and she thinks there's a storm by ten or fifteen minutes away obviously not good to be at the top of the tall tree during a lightning storm and these are cars don't do well in the rain so it's time to hurry up right here. a few more photos and it's time to bring out hugo to nest with two healthy chicks is rare i was lucky enough to see several including these two guys look so different three days. later that the system is in. use a precise veterinarian

the ones that these researchers. are going to die they remove them from the nest and raise them here what was the purpose cars were disappearing because the legal pet trade with. dooming cars were at a really high demand in north america and in europe they wanted to see a reintroduction of the cars as a viable option to save some of these populations the study was a success more than half of the stroller macaws released survived at least seven years in the wild some of these new cars still stick around the area and those more cars are the most aggressive with us because they have no fear that humans. and this morning the team is doing a check up on you know since you and your choice two chicks we don't like while macaws these parents don't leave when any climbs to the nest. getting chicks out when mom and dad are home and home is more than ninety feet up his show and you. get. it if they are. any use.

a multisector research informed evidence based program and policies. so in response we develop safer cars and roads and we save lives. a group of surgeon leaders recently published a statement describing solutions. further underlying that as americans, we have much more in congressman than we have that divides us and there are ways to come together to prevent firearm related injuries. a background check was introduced hr-8 on the anniversary of gabby gifford's firearm injury. since the brady law was implemented, it has blocked more than 3 million unlawful purchases. it includes firearm prevention and research, implementation of risk protection orders, education on safe storage, investing in safe technology, expanding access and improving victim services. we have both the opportunity and the responsibility to comprehensively address gun violence. this is not a democrat versus a republican issue. it's an american issue and it's uniquely in each of your hands to help fix it. the american i'm fighting for is one where parents no longer have to fear the pho