as i said earlier, richard nathan called his book the plot that failed. and yet many of these strategies did yield results. by 1976 senior career officials were more likely to report being republican or independent than in previous years. they also were more apt to express support for more conservative policies like those nixon pursued. more generally, many of nixon's changes in structures and processes have persisted. later presidents have continued efforts to continue budgets. his early efforts to monitor and curtail agency regulation, and he firmly implanted the idea of domestic policy staff in the expectations and the practices of the modern presidencies. lastly, later presidents also have pursued the systematic appointment of personnel and tried to implant their dna throughout the executive branch. we also when we criticize presidents often look back to richard nixon. some of the discussion of unilateral activities and, indeed, of the president we began to hear more of under a recent president, many people will trace back to some of the efforts and i

as a result together they fashioned what former appointee of richard nixon, richard nathan, first called the class that failed, but later came to call an administrative presidency approach and he did that after what he saw as the successes of that approach as it was put into place more systematically by ronald reagan. we have seen it also being put into place by presidents like george w. bush, bill clinton, and to some extent president obama. it's not a republican set of strategies, nor a democratic set of strategies. it's another way that the presidents try to achieve their policy and political objectives. that's what i want to talk about just a little bit today with the pioneer of some of those strategies. so, of course, as it was suggested this morning, some of the responsibility or the gratitude for that may well go to dwight eisenhower who really thought that richard nixon needed to have greater experience in understanding some of the constraints and the dynamics of larger organizations, something that mr. nixon really had never had at any point in his career. in terms of the set of