we've never known the idea came from a letter from richard nixon. but his real contributions to reagan came on bigger matters of substance. when gorbachev comes to power, nixon meets with gorbachev. he finds that this could be a man the reagan as margaret thatcher said could do business with. he senses there's an opportunity here to move forward and perhaps in the cold war command you want to reagan to meet with gorbachev might want to reagan to do it from a position of strength. so when reagan announces intentions to build a strategic defense initiative, nixon immediately doubts the science of this. he doubts that the technology of it will ever work. but he loves the idea of using it for leverage in negotiations. and almost from the beginning he sees it as a key bargaining chip for reagan. later on when gorbachev threatens to pull out any further negotiations unless reagan abandons sdi can remember at reykjavÍk gorbachev walks out after the essentially strike a deal because he tells reagan this is contingent upon you getting rid of sdi. reagan says

well, that letter was offensive enough to richard nixon that nixon soon fired him. and that was the end of wally hickle's tenure of u.s. secretary of the interior. at that time nixon was firing walter j. hickle, he was doing something really important when it came to the u.s. the government and the specifically the way the u.s. government works on issues that were totally relevant to hickle's cabinet agency, this agency run by the dreaded wally hickle, president nixon was then reorganizing the way the u.s. government dealt with those kinds of auxiliaries department of the interior kinds of issues. in 1970, richard nixon was needle of creating a new federal agency called noaa. even though it was a new agency being ceded in 1970, the component part of weren't new. dating back to the weather bureau, which was founded in 1870 or the bureau of commercial fisheries, founded in 1871, parts of it been traced back to 1807, the survey of the coast, an awesome name for a governments function. all this stuff about the oceans and the land and the weather, it's really fundamental

well, that letter was offensive enough to richard nixon that nixon soon fired him. and that was the end of wally hickel's tenure of u.s. secretary of the interior. went back to alaska, became governor again. that said, around the time that nixon was firing walter j. hickel, nixon was also doing something really important when it came to the u.s. government and specifically the way the u.s. government works on issues that were totally relevant to wally hickel's cabinet agency, this agency that was being run by the dreaded wally hickel, president nixon was right then sort of reorganizing the way the u.s. government dealt with those kinds of issues, department of the interior kinds of issues. in 1970, richard nixon was needle of creating a new federal agency called noaa. the national oceanic and atmospheric administration. even though it was a new agency being created in 1970, the component parts of noaa weren't new. in fact, they were some of the oldest continue iing parts of t u.s. government, dating back to the weather bureau which was founded in 1870 or the bureau

symbol as china and the pound it's central to the thinking in china i suppose and in 171 when richard nixon brother u.s. president richard the. and u.s. president richard nixon went there as a way of sort of cementing this new friendship as china began to open up the chose the pond and the era of panda diplomacy was born and so i think it just seemed like a perfect symbol at the time so clearly the chinese state take this very seriously but so are people in china especially in relation to the death of trying trying let's just take a quick look at some of the public anger in china that's showing up on social media here as a way bo comments we want to show you beginning 1st with this user who saying i always thought that china shouldn't known pandas to strengthen differ magic ties with other countries foreign countries don't necessarily know how to take care of up and as bad as are already of vulnerable species many also posting images like these recent questions about the pandas diet this is implying the zoo was mistreating the panda by feeding it what sticks instead of bamboo. if it you've

housof representatives, a version of it, under richard nixon in 1971. it was called the family assistance plan. >> which had been supported by milton friedman. >> yes, and a thousand economists had a study sayin

richard nixon had the saturday night massacre. bill clinton got a b.j. in the oval office! ( laughter ) head! mouth candy! the old pac-man. >> trevor: pac-man? >> yeah -- ( making sounds ) >> trevor: i got it. >> my point, is trevor, trump has blown it. he might get impeached for gossipping on the phone like a little bitch -- ( cheers and applause ) i mean, like a waste of a wonderful opportunity! it's like when i gave my husband a hall pass and he used it to kiss karen from the p.t.a. karen! you know what i use my hall pass for? i murder (~bleep ) pierce

. >> we went through watergate, that was divisive, richard nixon decided to bow out rather than face impeachment. we went to bill clinton, and it was over did he have sex in the oval office with that woman. and, we had a split, and the democrats say we were through the impeachment process, and he was not turned out of office. now, we have a third one. this is a strange one, was clearly a violation there. it is on the face, right? he put it out there. we also have the star of a reality show as president, and

special guest we have with us has a lengthy history with the president nixon, richard nixon foundation the post presidential chief of staff to president nixon. it give a warm welcome to colonel jack brannan. [applause] thanks to all of you for coming and continued show of support and continued show of patriotism across the community and across the country. each year on this day, we as a community come together here at the richard nixon presidential library to reflect on and remember the lives 2977 americans that parished 18 years ago today. each of those lives has been marked with an american flag meticulously placed outside that window. great patriots offer to place the nearly 3000 flags out of respect and honor to those who fell nearly two decades ago. these staff members some were very young. so young, i don't remember 9/11. they stepped up to the plate and wanted to make today's ceremony happen. they went onto there and placed each one of these flags in observance of those who fell. who i would like to do is ask that all of you please stand in a moment of silence recognizing those

applause] and a special guest we have with us has a lengthy history with president nixon, with the richard nixonoundation. a good friend of mine, someone i really, really look up to. he's the post presidential chief of staff to president nixon. please give a warm welcome to colonel jack brannan. [applause] thanks to all of you for coming , for your continued show of support, and your continued show of patriotism across the community and across the country. each year on this day, we as a community come together here at the richard nixon presidential library to reflect on and remember the lives of the 2,977 americans that perished 18 years ago today. each of those lives has been marked with an american flag meticulously placed just outside that window in our patent amphitheater just last night. these great patriots offer to place the nearly 3000 flags out of respect and honor to those who fell nearly two decades ago. and it's important to note that these staff members, some were very young. in fact some were so young, they don't even remember 9/11. and yet they stepped up to the plate and wanted t

richard nixon created the epa. he went to china. title ix. he did a lot of things as this investigation was going on. we still have the responsibility to lower drug prices for our constituents, to get a trade deal that's going to help the striking uaw workers. but we have a moral responsibility to protect our constitution. and our job is to protect our national security. >> and when you call for an investigati investigation, in your mind is that the same as an impeachment investigation? >> it's the same thing, yes. >> representative foster, thank you for joining us. >> happy to be here. >> you had been in favor of an impeachment inquiry or impeachment investigation until now. tell me what you make of what you have learned. >> i think for most members it's not an issue really just of criminality. after all, michael cohen is in jail today for things he did at the direction of president trump. but the way our system works is it is a political decision jointly held between the senate and the house. and we have to have both branches of the legisla

you have to remember that on the day richard nixon resigned from office, he had a 24% approval rating. presidents don't ever go down to zero. there's just too many people who are invested in their vote. have tried this out with a couple of members of congress -- the question is -- at what point does it unravel? 38-40esident goes between 5% approval rating. in the public most people think if he gets to 30%, he's in big trouble. keep that in your mind. is, you switchg -- when his approval rating does at that point, it affect some republicans and you don't need all republicans to impeach, you need 20 republicans to impeach. -- to convict. you don't need any republican house members to impeach because the democrats have a large majority. switching to the democrats, prior to last week, nancy pelosi looked after what she called the majority makers. the majority makers are the democrats from marginal won with thet help of majority. defected, 86ven followed. it was a huge shift. that,t moment, she knew ok two things were going on -- a) this was a serious issue that reached the constitutional

it didn't help matters that when richard nixon when they were targeting him, you had the oil embargo,he market careening, 20 years later you did the opposite environment. nixon had to resign. bill clinton dodged it in the senate. does that make a difference? with the economy doing as well as it is, this president has that going for him. >> i think he actually does. we are within a few percentage points of all-time highs, with all the negative rhetoric, this is a market that has been climbing for a long time. the 800 pound gorilla in the room is still the fed, the economy and you have to add tariffs and if he could pull a rabbit out of the hat in china and it remains to be seen that is a game changer as far as the stock market. neil: he says it is all reason and that is the reason why. >> the stock market is bigger than donald trump. neil: you are going to get some nasty tweets. all kidding aside. you mentioned the china thing. those are all issues because we see how the market responds on the trade front. >> that is the whole impeachment process. it is disturbing and unfortunate the c

it took almost two years to find and after two years to find the evidence on richard nixon.he smoking tape in which we heard them conspire. it was just a week ago that the whistleblower story came into public view. now we have the smoking transcript of the presidential call. we have the evidence. you read the transcript and president trump is acknowledging what his opponents say he needs to be impeached for. that is that he conspired to set up a phony investigation of the bidens by the ukrainian government. and he urged them to do it and said we can help. my personal lawyer, rudy giuliani. the attorney general of the united states. we'll have him call you. we'll help you set it up. he didn't say and maybe we will release the $400 million of aid you so desperately say you need and we're with holding. the evidence is there. there has to be more investigation. we have to know some of the things direct lly from the horss mouth and the sources in the white house who told him. who told him about it. he has to do it right. when i say we, i mean the system has to do it right as the

richard nixon resigned before impeachment proceedings could begin. joining me now, brenda, the trial of andrew johnson and the dream of nation. brenda, thank you for being with us. thank you. >> let's talk about your experience with impeachment and how you look at this and where you think this is going? >> where do i think the president is going? i think we are headed towards impeachment in the house. what the senate does is up for grabs at this point. you need two-thirds of the vote for conviction in the senate and it is not clear that at this point that we would get that. i mean the case of richard nixon it seems that a lot of people would cross. >> a lot of people forgo forgot -- there were a lot of evidence. >> do these things hang on evidence or political than that? >> it is both. as you were talking before about what constitutes an impeachable offense, it is complicated. there are narrow reasons for impeachment offense, for example, bribery or treason. high crimes and misdemeanor is a little bit more complicated because it is not clear where a

in fact, the supreme court ruled that president richard nixon was subject to criminal process when theyimously to enforce a criminal subpoena issued by a special prosecutor who was conducting a criminal investigation of president nixon. president nixon then complied with the subpoena and handed over audiotapes that showed the president engaged in a criminal conspiracy, and shortly after handing over those tapes richard nixon was forced to resign the presidency. richard nixon resigned the presidency because he was subject to criminal process and that criminal process closed in on him and forced him to turn over the evidence that condemned him. this is one of those nights when we hope to turn to a constitutional scholar of the highest authority and we can do that tonight because harvard law school's constitutional law professor laurence tribe, who has argued countless cases before the supreme court, has agreed to join our discussion. professor tribe has taught constitutional law to students such as barack obama, ted cruz, elena kagan, and chief justice john roberts. and as we just heard,

richard nixon coined the word, richard nixon coined the silent majority word.and he happened to win the next election that he ran. he won with more votes than any president in history and a greater percentage of those than anybody than james is 64 was a hair better. so it worked. >> to watch the full interview with evan thomas, visit our website. booktv.org. click on the in-depth tab. every year book tv covers book and festivals around the country. and here's a look at some of the events on the calendar. this weekend, where life at the brooklyn book festival, the largest 3a if it in new york city. then from october 11th to the 13th, is the southern festival of books in nashville. the following weekend, the boston folk festival welcomes over 300 speakers in the wisconsin book festival anticipates over 15000 people in attendance. and later in the month, tune in for a live coverage of the texas book festival in austin. for more information about upcoming book fairs and festivals and was our previous coverage, click the book fair tab on website. booktv.org. [applau

mcgovern lost to richard nixon in a landslide that year, winning only the district of columbia and massachusetts. [film begins] >> waves of planes and helicopters, both american and south vietnamese, have made thousands of sorties. senator mcgovern: during the past year i have found that campaigning can be a lonely notness, airports, motels, seeing my family for weeks at a time. but the rewards of staying in touch with this country have been more than worth the cost. [applause] when i announced i would seek the presidency, some said i would appeal to only a few. but in the past two years, i have touched many different americans. countlessveled thousands of miles to look them in the eye, to know their man canto learn what no ever understand from behind his desk in washington. have 5.5% laid off, actually unemployed. it's really hard. >> how much, how many? >> eggs are $.35 a dozen. >> if you don't like the work, you can quit or we will move our plant. >> i want to see the taxes i pay come back to me. i want to see schools and roads and i want to see social security increase. narrator: the country

ronald reagan lost the 1968 election to the eventual winner of the general election, richard nixon. the following political program is sponsored by citizens for reagan committee. placed her hand on the bible and raise your right hand. do solemnly swear you will support and defend the constitution of the united states and the constitution of the state of california, against all enemies, foreign or domestic? >> i do. faitht you will bear full and allegiance to the constitution of the united states and the constitution of the state of california, that you take this obligation freely. narrator: ronald reagan became governor of california january 2, 19 67. governor reagan was born and raised in illinois. >> i do. >> governor reagan, i declare you to be duly installed as governor of the state of california. narrator: as in eleanor republican said, government by thebe of the people, people, for the people. -- republicanillinois said, government should be of the people, by the people, for the people. [applause] government, of the people, by the people, for the people, arrived that night in

in the late 1960's, richard nixon was president wh the deral clean air act wasencl overwhelmingly passed in congress by republicans and admocrats alike. since then we havegreat progress. unfortunately, this move by the president undermines, like i said, decades of work we have got across t aisle to improv air quality. i'm very hopeful we will be able to prevent any further action and we will do everything we can to fight it. we will fight it in the courts, l fight it in congress hower we can. we can't allow it to stand. michelle: you wouldn't rule out legal action?th rep. levin: k that is absolutely going to happen. the attorney general of california and others, governor gavin newsom, i know they will be fighting r the air quality in california. e we have raordinary set of circumstances in california. it requires extraordinary action. the 1960's we decided to go further than the federal clean air act to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, and w made gradt progress. we've built an entire clean-tect in. the whole clean energy economy in california isooming. this president, not only does he

removed the president himself would be killed by it. >> former white house counsel to president richard nixon dean, famously testified before congress that president nixon knew about the watergate cover-up. testimony widely considered to be the testimony that took down nixon ultimately. john dean joins me now. thanks so much for joining us, mr. dean. if you were president trump's counsel rice out in, what would you advise him? >> actually today i'd have an obligation to go in, white house counsel, his client is the office of the president, not the person to occupy, the office. so pat shipaloney should go in and do what i tried to do in an hour at 50-minute conversation, tried to take the president through every problem he confronted with the watergate cover-up and sell him on hoping he would bring his fist down on the table and say this has got to end. he did exactly the opposite, jake. this is the morning i think i first met richard nixon, actually. >> based on the facts of what we know now, not the speculation, but just the facts of the whistle-blower complaint, which, you know, it's not, h

we will start with richard nixon, who was the genesis of the book.t do wetorians, know about them and their analysis? ands: they were husband wife at the university of california davis. they are experts on the presidency, they study the modern presidencies, as do all of the authors i recruited for this expanded volume. texti was reading their and when i had read it over and it was published, i must say i the accounting of nixon's presidency, which i lived through, to be dizzying. it represented a departure in the history of presidential misconduct on two grounds, and they are important to keep in mind today. previous to nixon's administration, presidents had been caught up in miss doing of subordinates and occasionally acted illegally. misconductefore had been orchestrated out of the oval office until the 1970's. it was an extraordinary departure. the president was caught breaking the law and urging others to break the law, both constitutional law and criminal law. that had never happened before, nor had a president ever before been named in a case a

when the allegations came out begins richard nixon, but is more more truth came out, for republicans of good conscience came forward and said enough. the party be damned. the political outcome might be be damned. but we are going to do what is right for america. we cannot have a nation where our president is running around using the power, his power at the power of the country and we instill that office, to violate our values to violate national security and pursue their own wealth and political advantage. that is so contrary to who we are. we'll stop that, is the corrupting moment in our entry. we should response with a united course of conviction. let us get to the truth and act accordingly. >> is this a game changer. >> i'm feeling confident there is now clearly evidence that justifies an impeachment inquiry. and continued efforts of congress to get to the truth. our founders saw moments like this, designed to constitution in which the congress provides a check and balance to the presidency. the congress provides oversight to the administration. this is the moment where we should

we will start with richard nixon, who was the genesis of the book.he two historians, what do we know about them and their analysis? james: they were husband and wife at the university of california davis. they are experts on the presidency, they study the modern presidencies, as do all of the authors i recruited for this expanded volume. when i was reading their text and when i had read it over and it was published, i must say i found the accounting of nixon's presidency, which i lived through, to be dizzying. it represented a departure in the history of presidential misconduct on two grounds, and they are important to keep in mind today. previous to nixon's administration, presidents had been caught up in miss doing of subordinates and occasionally acted illegally. but never before had misconduct been orchestrated out of the oval office until the 1970's. so the nixon administration represented a really large break with the previous history of misconduct to the degree that can be pulled out from the histories of all administrations. susan: i am betti

the end of the day, i would note that richard nixon exhibited a sense of shame. we have not yet seen that. in this president. >> i want to keep you here and turn to jason johnson and talk about something that can get lost, which is we're dealing with a president who admitting things that may be illegal and may be impeachable. the congress will decide. but it's not coming out of the blue, as richard and others are mentioning, it comes in the context of a president who has had more aides indicted earlier in his presidency than anyone in history at this stage of their presidency and whose campaign manager and lawyer are sitting in jail right now. i'm going to put up so everyone can remember. you've got paul manafort, you've got michael cohen, you've got mike flynn, papadopoulos, gates, that's five individuals, jason, who have been convicted and pled guilty in every -- in every facet. so no debate whatsoever. mr. stone remains legally presumed innocent but he's the president's longest adviser. he's awaiting trial -- >> right. >> on some serious obstruction issues. ja

response but passed overwhelming and resolution for the next 9 years or so, lyndon johnson and richard nixonwaged the whole vietnam war and both on resolution, both on at least one attack that did not happen and the result is that ever since then and my book only goes to vietnam because that's why i write history and later things are too recent, we have never again done, had a president go to congress and say i want a declaration, we've had resolutions but not what the congress ask for. >> did he knew it was based on false information. >> he knew within a couple of weeks but did not go back to congress and say, didn't happen, should have. >> subsequent to vietnam, we went to afghanistan, did we have a resolution? >> no. resolution but not a declaration. >> invasion by sudan hussan and we had resolution to go into iraq? >> ii admire presidents going to congress asking for resolution but not same thing as declaration of congress because the reason why the constitution says this is it says we want a declaration, very hard to achieve, we want a president to go to congress and say, this is how lo

and that is what happened with richard nixon.e in the democrats' position then trump's, because this scandal has legs which will consume the news at least for the next few months. the headlines on bbc news... the prime minister could face a vote of no confidence as early as next week, according to a senior snp mp, as conservatives gather for their party conference. meanwhile, number ten describes as "a politically motivated attack" — borisjohnson‘s referral to the police watchdog over his links to an american businesswoman. labour'sjeremy corbyn promises to scrap the controversial welfare policy, universal credit, should the party get into power. doctors are heralding an extraordinary transformation, in the treatment of a deadly form of skin cancer. ten years ago, advanced melanoma was seen as untreatable, but a clinical trial shows half of patients are now surviving for at least five years. the drugs involved target the immnune system, and are already available on the nhs. our health and science correspondent, james gallagher, r

when the allegations came out against richard nixon people fell into partisan camps but as more truth came out, more republicans of good conscience came forward and said enough, enough. party be damned, what the political outcome might be be damned, we are going to do what is right for america. we cannot have a nation where our president is running around using the power, not his power, the power of this country to violate our values, to violate national security, to pursue their own wealth or political advantage. that is so contrary to who we are. if we do not stop that it is a horrific corrupting moment in our country. we should respond with the united chorus of conviction, let's get to the truth and act accordingly. >> this is a game changer? >> i am feeling confident that there is clearly evidence that justifies and impeachment inquiry and justifies continued efforts of congress to get to the truth. our founders saw moments like this. they designed the constitution in which congress provides a check and balance to the presidency. congress provides oversight to the administration.

and you remember from watergate that reconstructions of conversations or everyone what richard nixon called transcripts, didn't turn out to be the transcripts of all the tapes. transcripts stay on one computer unless there is a national security reason for them he to stay on a different server. and this complaint suggests that there was no reason -- no national security reason why people shouldn't have had access to the president's conversation with the president of ukraine. there were very good political reasons to keep that from happening. >> you have very correctly summarized the situation. only difference between watergate and what is happening now, during waterwatergate, ric nixon did provide totally fake transcripts. he omitted all the parts that were incriminating and made up things thatredacted and also ma things. if this summary that we now have is anywhere near accurate it is very damning. completely in-krichl natucrimii acts of the president. which mean that's is not very good at creating a fake transcript. so i can't even imagine how bad the actual transcript is that this

we're looking at an impeachment election. >> dana: he said when richard nixon was impeached and when bill clinton was impeached, they had already been re-elected. these are unchartered waters. we really don't know. >> even if we look at the history that we do have, bill clinton's popularity increased. he didn't resign. newt gingrich did. the speaker did. speaker pelosi is very aware of that. that's why she keeps talking about the divisiveness of impeachment. that's why she said she wants bipartisan support for this. even adam schiff said if you impeach him in the house and he's acquitted in the senate, what have you done? >> dana: what do republicans do now? basically, they can say, well, gosh, i'm not for impeachment. >> they watch and they wait and let their democratic colleagues go too far away from the median voter in america because they're scared of primary challenges. >> dana: it's been a fascinating hour, lessy marshall and luke thompson. we appreciate it. nancy pelosi is going to speak at 5 p.m. any moment now joe biden will speak. thank you very much for joining us. >> shep

dni. >> let's remember that all these reforms to the cia grew out of the misuse of the cia by richard nixonuring watergate. that's really the effort to make the intelligence community professional, not political, protected from politics, and if there's something going wrong, to ensure a whistle is blown and congress can find out to do something about it. when you start to interfere with that, you're attacking the integrity of the intelligence system, and our country's security is based on that. so what donald trump has done here and the actions of mcguire undermine the security of the united states and also effect our ability to protect ourselves all over the world and our allies and others' ability to rely on us. >> one of the arguments i heard from people that did not believe there should be any consequence to the mueller investigation or findings is that no outcomes were effected by what occurred. one can argue that, the evidence doesn't support that, but this is one of the cases where our relationship with ukraine is strategically remarkably important. this wasn't a favor to a country.

richard nixon resigned when it was all but certain. andrew johnson after the civil war and bill clinton because of monica lewinski were impeached, neither removed. >> seems like speaker pelosi has been resistant to impeach, calls for quite a long time. why now? >> her assessment is hand has been forced legally. almost no choice now. like you mentioned, she was hesitant becaus thinks could galvanize the trup supporters in 20 the main message of economy and health care. but especially with the president himself commenting he had this conversation, almost has no choice. asked to weigh all the factors, is this going to benefit of the democrats or t president? guess what she said? >> who knows. >> wait and see. >> all those factors in play. >> republican army dylan coming in to discuss today's news later on in this news cast. that's to come. last president to face impeachment was bill clinton in 1998. charged with lying under oath and obstruction of justice stemming from sexual harassment lawsuit filed by paula jones. ultimately acquitted w

commissioned by the house judiciary committee back in 1974 on the impeachment inquiry into president richard nixon. >> john doerr who had been appointed the general counsel of the house impeachment inquiry, thought of the utility of a report like this and turned to his friend, member of the l faculty, and asked woodward to be the kind of commander-in-chief of a project of preparing such a report, which was unprecedented as he said. in the introduction to the original volume. >> 1974. >> he has three people to be his field generals and identify and recruit about 12 historians to write a one, two, or three sketches of that many presidencies. and i was chosen to be one. we had eight weeks to do it. it was a day before facts, before email, due to seshan. it was done by telephone and mail. we managed to do in in eight weeks and we submitted it to john doerr, and that is the last we heard of it. six weeks later, the president resigned. announcer: watch tonight at 8:00 eastern on c-span's q&a. morning, a form on the whistleblower complaint against president trump and the impeachment inquiry. watch live f

then also if you look at the positive the seventy's for example the impeachment inquiry against richard nixon that the markets big then got hammered was probably because of the oil crisis high inflation at the end of the gold standard so those were probably the real reasons why the markets got hammered and if you look at the ninety's and the impeachment trial against bill clinton that the markets took off big then was also not because of the political turmoil but because of wall street was clearly focused on the doctor called boom well as people are saying here on wall street the political bourses have short legs so those political events events usually do not have a big impact on stock trading here on wall street all right we'll of course see if that changes in the future yes quarter there for us in new york thank you. and let's look at some of the other global business headlines making news. boeing has reached settlements with 11 families of victims from october's lion air crash off the coast of indonesia each family will receive $1200000.00 the $737.00 max was grounded after another crash

commissioned by the house judiciary committee in 1974 on the impeachment inquiry into president richard nixonty of report like this in turned to his friend, member of the faculty, and ask him to be the commander in chief of a project preparing such report, as wasas unprecedented said in the introduction to the original volume. hissked three people to be field generals, and they identified and recruited 12 historians to run through sketches of that many presidencies, and i was chosen to be one. we had eight weeks to do it. fax, email, so it was done by telephone and mail, and we managed to do it in eight woodward professor submitted it to john doerr. that is a last we heard of it. six weeks later, the president resign. announcer: what sunday night at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span's q an&a. announcer: american history products are now available at the new store, c-span store.org to see what is new for american history tv, and check out all of the c-span products. sunday at 9:00 p.m. eastern on s, paul tuff reports on the cost of an education -- paul tough reports on the cost of education. >> we a