farming river banks. the river sources in kenya far east from there it flows over the border into tanzania through the serengeti and into lake victoria. station and large scale agriculture upstream damage and pollute the river and that has an impact here. scientists are collecting data to form a water allocation plan and facilitate a political agreement between the kenyan and tanzanian governments they want to make sure people on both sides of the border have access to water and avoid any future conflict the current health of the river is an important aspect of the project the scientists examined water quantity ph balance temperature and other factors. we measure these parameters because if we find they're outside of the correct range. then we know this pollution in the river. is something that would affect the life in the river as well as other users like us human beings. the water ph is normal but water levels both in the wet and dry seasons have fallen over the years which could be a problem if that tr

along the rivers. first of all, especially in the great basin, a lot of the grasses grew that they used for food. they harvested the seeds of these grasses. trees. the indians for the most part during the summer were out on high country, on the plains, bison hunts during the summer. when it gets cold, they cannot go back home to iowa. when it's cold, they have to go to the river beds. those are the protected areas. anything that lives outside of the riverbeds is taking its life in its hands. it was a very dangerous environment in the winter, but you can make it near the rivers. they need water for their horses. they need the protection of those slightly depressed streams. they have to have it. if they cannot, they do not have access to that place in the winter, they are in big, big trouble. we have good estimates for anthropologists. how much would a camp of 25 or 30 people use -- how much wood. would they use in the winter? it is basically the equivalent of 11 of the largest moving vans we have today.

it was on the river and it was probably 20 or 30 feet down to the river. pretty soon, the river is coming up. pretty soon it is level, and then it is above. starts flooding the town, so they build levees along the river to protect the town from the river that is rising because of all the stuff flushed down from above it. water, of course, is nasty and polluted. causes a problem. the problem is even greater for the farmers. remember, as these towns expanded, agriculture begins to develop around them. farmers come in, begin to clear the area. they are all on the rivers. now all this stuff is coming down, it is flooding out the rivers. they flood periodically, almost annually, and if they flood, they send this stuff over into the farmers' fields. this is very well documented because there's a series of lawsuits over this. very well documented. in some cases, virtually the entire farm is covered with this slurry. completely on arable -- completely in arable -- completely inarable. in some cases, your completely out of business. it was that that finally brought

we start with a river runs through it.he guadalupe river has been a part of the south bay scene for as long as i can remember, but never utilized the way it could or maybe should have been. but guadalupe river park is in the midst of a huge makeover. we'll talk to the designer behind it. then we focus on one of our favorite groups celebrating its 20th year. the kearny street workshop and its upcoming showcase event, apature, first with poet and writer jennifer s. cheng. but we'll talk about the inspiration behind her award-winning work. and we wrap up with musical artist known as versoul, a bay area hip-hop artist, producer, and sound engineer who will be featured at apature. we will talk to her about her new album, and she will perform live in our studio. all that on our show today. a lot of cities would just love to have anything running, a river running through it. that would just be so great looking,thesouth b, it didn't really become part of the san jose civic greenway until fairly recently. but that's changing in a b

the people of the nairobi river have taken on the challenge and want the river to once again be worthy of its name nairobi cool and refreshing water. that's it for this week on global 3000 thanks for joining us and don't forget we love hearing from you got something to tell us send it to global 3000 and d w dot com or post on our facebook page d w women thanks for watching and bye for now. 4 years in the lives of maggie and leo. more than once all yours think it will come some time and it's difficult to stay hopeful. their 2nd chance at life. to patients to live before and after a life saving organ transplant. donor organ recipients. coming up on. the latest in war materials research. nickel that can be harvested. nylon made from chicory. and cobalt from the seabed. scientists look for new resources and test out their ideas to come to morrow to do. 30 minutes on w. when your family scattered across the globe. with kids do you do seem to. return to the issue again when most of the. church family from somalia lives around the world. one of them needed urgent assistance there's. a family

the people of the nairobi river have taken on the challenge and want the river to once again be worthy of its name nairobi cool and refreshing water. that's it for this week on global 3000 thanks for joining us and don't forget we love hearing from you got something to tell us send it to global 3000 at d w dot com or post on our facebook page d w women thanks for watching and bye for now. the fall of the berlin wall began long before november 1989. we visit the heroes of eastern europe. talk to those who began the struggle for freedom and those who showed personal courage. the moment wallace arise where he saw it coming generational from the 1st but. what does it take to change the course of history and 15 minutes on d w. eco india. many people in india are going to. get the country has the such as the food to. eat in india is taking on the challenge this nonprofit organization is coming sunday and wastes well rescuing foodstuffs. 16 of d.w. . i'm not laughing at the jets because sometimes i am but most end up in which is that. thinks deep into the german culture of looking at the ster

the people of the nairobi river have taken on the challenge and want the river to once again be worthy of its name nairobi cool and refreshing water. that's it for this week on global 3000 thanks for joining us and don't forget we love hearing from you got something to tell us send it to global 3000 at d w dot com or post on our facebook page d w women thanks for watching and bye for now. boom. boom boom boom boom. boom. boom boom boom. boom boom boom boom boom. boom. eco india. many people in india are going to. be a country half the so just a few. feet in india is taking on the challenge this nonprofit organization is come asking how to get and waste while rescuing food stamps the. 30 minute w. . the world unto itself. with its own gravitational pull. the finest musical compositions. with some mysterious terrific. man. until me that's who was into them don't tell me that their skin never showed. and the joint should come up in the morning blame. me feel the simplicity of the harness bombs and. the problems current starts oct 11th on t.w. enough. what's the connection between brett po

this was our exeunt front on both describe the orinoco river. on his research expedition he spent 2 and a half months following the mighty waterway documenting its every twist and turn. for the explorers from europe the endless wilderness on land and in the water was a source of continuous wonder and unexpected dangers. nobody back home expected to return alive from his or a no go expedition. now if you want to be an expedition the scientists make baby research. and you know now you know they have they basically meant to do that and not the trouble from the rub to the continent if you knowledge about these so we we have a lot of things to learn to steal from home will then endurance they bash on the grill city and i think this guy's an example for us to put some goals and go behind them. biologist for an undertow he go as a research camp here it's the base for the international expeditions he leads across the entire river network. covering an area of almost 1000000 square kilometers the basin is one of the largest ecosystems in south america sci

and growing corals and putting them back on the river. together with the fisheries in terms of compounds the country wants to find ways for everyone to use this ceases to innovate even out of the protests. action in. the marina especially is the fast of his kind in the indian ocean very important that we constantly have this good healthy coral i want everything that i do or should make a difference and if you have any i think it's a really wonderful feeling knowing that whatever information. it's going to point you to the way we do conservation that's going to have a positive in. hiring conservation station on the project transit least until 2020 by which time the fos long term protection plan should be in plants the ecosystem in the sea shows is counting on. what a beautiful place let's hope it stays that way that the united nations' intergovernmental panel on climate change recently published its nature of a serpent on the state of our oceans and it wasn't good news the same process that's happening online and is also happening on the s

the rhine is one of the most important rivers in europe. it's 1200 kilometers long and over half of it flows through germany seanie because it is it's also. a busy transport. industry lines its banks and much of its waste water is discharged into the river if it isn't clean 1st the water is contaminated and can't be used for anything else here before the wind sampling points close to the river bank the water is extracted from the river as it flows by and then 2 transported by each with a diameter over a meter directed to the water works right there the water is intensively cleaned before being directed back into groundwater reserves fired these shafts the water treatment plant south of frankfurt is the only one in germany dedicated to processing river water. the infiltration process taking place in these tanks has a number of advantages. historically very. well historically surface water hasn't been used for drinking water in germany mainly because the potential for a disaster on the rhine is unavoidable so we couldn't guarantee supplies ar

-- the "fall river legend" ballet. the one i am most familiar with music reading room. we have a prince and photographs division. , andcollect major american other photographers and posters. i found a lot of documents there of the "fall river legend." as i begin to look further out ito the library, i found that was not the first one by a longshot to be interested in borden at theizzie library of congress. or is a website that gives you a timeline and ports -- points you down to certain resources. i did see there was not much about fall river -- about "fall will have to and i remedy that. newspapers and periodicals divisions. we have all sorts of small papers and large ones across the united states, especially in the 19th century. they were come out daily, sometimes twice a day. , i had only been up the library for four years, there is always lots to discover , that the national endowment for the humanities has been diligently digitizing historic newspapers and making them available online. borden murders, 1892, and the

many of the wealthy people in fall river had moved up on the hill as it was called in fall river, and had gotten himself -- themselves electricity, indoor plumbing, and a telephone. miser.borden was a they did not have internal heat. they were using chamber pots and pails for bathrooms. they had no telephone. existencepare kind of given he would have been able to afford those things. on the right, you see part of his real estate development. this was a building in process in 1982 at the time of the murders. he was making quite a bit of money in terms of being on bank boards and in his real estate and mercantile dealings. that's what we know. and we also have the evidence from the crime. i'm assuming you all know what the crime is, that you probably have heard the childhood rhyme. here it is, i will go right there. lizzie borden took an ax, gave her mother 40 whacks, when she saw what she had done, she gave her father 41. i remember doing jump rope to this. does anyone else have memories of that exercise? interestingly, and i will have to talk to more of my music colleagues about this,

while with an electric fleet of gas guzzling s.u.v.s still make up the bulk of cold water sales and a river in india poisoned by the textile industries appetite for color full dye in look at a darker side of fashion. compass color welcome to the program apple's held its big annual show again one with shrinking focus on fresh gadgets the tech giant did on bail new versions of its popular i phone which features that rival products already possessed more importantly however apple made clear that it is very much willing to take on a fresh field of competitors. is going beyond tech into entertainment the i phone maker is launching its own streaming service that will compete with the likes of netflix and disney plus apple t.v. plus in the event and will cost nearly $5.00 a month it will be free for a year for anyone who buys a mac. an i pad for 9 film. the day we're excited to tell you that the 1st shows will be available on november 1st. and will be thank you and we'll be adding more apple originals every month and it apple t.v. plus will be available in over a 100 countries a lot. of course the

throws the gun into the river, bag into the river. rushes into the underbrush, changes his clothes and starts to get on a scooter that he stashed in the bushes to ride away. i mean, he's dressed up in the pink getup looking totally different than he did before when they find him in the bushes. we know the bit about the bike and then changing over into the scooter is definitely legit in part because german police have since released these weird, very well lit modern art like photos of the actual bike that they pulled out of the river, that's on the left, and the escotter that he had with him in the bushes when they caught him there changing into his pink shirt and tourist sandals after he had taken off his wig. german police also released this photo of the suspect who they arrested although they did not release his name. according to multiple reports, they didn't release his name because they have actually no idea what his name is. and at this point in the detective story, if you read detective stories you know, that the good plot then

in rivers in asia you see it immediately because there's so much of. the fault here it's not so visible because you've got some over here and some over there so we have to hunt it down. but after 6 kilometers we've typically collected 500 kilograms. he started out doing the collecting on his own he'd make an arrangement of the garbage from the rivers photograph it and put it on display it's the photo designer's way of making the invisible waste plain for all to see. on 40 of them are i took a photograph that shows a kayaker from above paddling on garbage this is the average amount of garbage from one kilometer of river in germany and not in asia and we have to work to reduce that because germany has a lot of kilometers of rivers trying to reach the feet of who's going to meet up. in total around 7300 kilometers and staff and horses only travelled a fraction of them so far. alongside exhibitions he also organizes regular cleanup events 7 cities are taking part in this one like oberhausen on a tributary of the rhine. you have to look closely i pull out p

bridge the railroad across elk river? and estill springs. that is the key ground, the key campaign,he entire rosecrans' objective and if he takes that and bragg is still or shelbyville, bragg's army will be in very, very deep trouble. because they will be cut off from chattanooga. rosecrans said that would compel orattle on their own ground drive them in a disadvantageous line of retreat. to accomplish this, it was make bragg believe he could advance on him by the shelbyville route and keep up possible untilif we reached manchester with the main body of the army. let me translate that plan for you. granger's corps, david stanley's cavalry corps, grand total of 25,000 men all told along with mccook's corps moving south of murfreesboro will operate in the area southwest of and keep polk thinking they'll try to force guy's gap and liberty gap. bulk of the army, corps,thomas' 14th 25,000 men and 20,000 men with crittenden's corps, march east of murfreesboro and aim for manchester at which point they'll be in a good directlyto operate against tul

i'm with the river trust.s i have mentioned before, we have had some concerns about the water supply assessments and the disconnect between sfpuc and the planning commission. it sounds like some progress is being made in communications, which is a good thing. i will share a letter that we submitted on the flower mart project from the planning commission just to give you a sense of some of our issues. our concerns did attract attention of the mayor's office and we appreciated people pulling together a small meeting last week. we appreciated others participating. it was a constructive meeting. we hope it was the beginning of an ongoing dialogue. we think there are a lot of things we could do working together to meet the state's goals of ensuring reliable water supply and restoring the ecosystem. there are a lot of factors that influence water supply and longer-term outcomes. for example, demand, and sa pointed out before, there was quite a difference between projected demand for 2018 and actual demand of the 31

here around 60 cleena opposite on the water and the river bank. because i think it makes total sense to not just collect waste from the rivers but also from the landscape around them. and i stop that i think it's important to realize that this is not just happening in the caribbean or wherever be aware that it starts here with us i'm saying that. after just 2 hours they've gathered around 2000 liters of garbage last year steffen horse and other kayak has lifted around 30000 liters of garbage from the water you met up with congo. 4 years ago he did it or on the rhine from south western germany all the way to the north sea. it's and there's a site of that we've been a nonprofit organization since 2016 after our tour back then it was like an avalanche so many people got in touch send e-mails asking where they could help out . a pattern or i couldn't handle it all on my own or you can now thank goodness i'm no longer a lone warrior more and more people are joining i'm really happy. with. stephanie halasz needs as many fellow campaign ends as he can ge

low gone river and eventually discharging into lake chad. but those days are gone. they do are cut up our works for the current charity organization in the region his job is to ward off the looming humanitarian catastrophes. access to drinking water is an enormous problem for people and animals here in the far north of cameroon. often visits villages near the provincial capital of my rule. today he's in home to many herders. has been a social worker for many years and knows the signs of an impending humanitarian catastrophe. in the summer of 2018 the region was on the brink. of what might be. a little no no i mean women used to fact but now it's so bad the entire family has to help. now when young people want to build a house they have no water when we want to work there is no water a young man wants to be a farmer or work in sales and there's no water. yet but. it's already begun young men are leaving they're going to the big cities to joan day and . people are starting to leave. we no longer know how we will be able to manage. the drought

i want to stop but it got to the center for science and environment has been studying the river water forests the lab tests found pollutants such as arsenic zinc lead nickel i have passed this information on to people to the supreme court as well nothing's happened. it took a 2nd lawsuit to finally force the dye companies to close for 11 months and modernize their sewage plants management says the pollutants are being removed. bigger lucia family firm has improved its production methods since the german and scandinavian markets in particular began demanding higher ecological standards dilution no longer uses toxic chemicals and has built its own wastewater treatment plant but its 2 owners say europe is equally responsible for india's environmental problems. that it's going to such industries in their own country and their. very started off as these products from the developing countries. so this did the burden of pollution on the revenue base but it was really of the end that humanity was the children of these farmers are now looking for work in the cities because as long as the river

this vegetation will also soon end up in the river. the changes taking place here could soon be a reality across wide expanses of russia. and it could also have a dramatic impact on the global climate and mass migration of peoples for there is an immense amount of biomass still trapped within the palm of frost. if that trapped c o 2 in methane were to be released into the atmosphere the pace of climate change would increase dramatically. so there's a group of grasses which grew here maybe i don't 40000 years ago and there were over that this is huge storage of carbon and they call this little roof and put them on the one side of the balance and on the other side of the balance put all the above ground vegetation of the point of the way school trees and shrubs of the good you will see that they started but it was weak more. and the bill for us will start to degrade everywhere all these will become of will for microbes to eat and they will very soon to greenhouse gases. that's ice pure eyes out there and you see when this ice is melting

, but the cumberland river can be very fickle, shall we say. there are times where, because of the shoals just downstream from the city of nashville, you get steamers up as well as you can. you have the option of the railroad --ational the louisville-nashville railroad, which parallels interstate 65 and at nashville, nashville and chattanooga and the rest is paralleled by interstate 24. you can see it marked on your map. basically everything you are going to need are going to ride the rails, the single track railroad. now, once you leave louisville, between louisville and nashville, that 183 miles, at best you are going through neutral territory, even though kentucky has voted to remain loyal to the united states. it is at best neutral territory. john morgan has made a career at this point of cutting that railroad. as a matter of fact, from july 1 1862 to june 30, 1863, do you know how much that railroad was fully operational? seven months, 12 days. so almost five full months of that 12 month period, that railroad was not fully operational. and

pieces of clothing but all that comes at a price on next report takes us to india where polluted rivers show us one of the darkest sides of the global textile industry if you don't win there could we go back up we've been growing melons here for years but this 35 kilometer stretch along the river is a barren rubbish you have one of these men are angry they say an environmental catastrophe is underway on the other side of this river for decades farmers in the indian state of raja stan have been struggling to survive on the banks of the bondi river. it's almost dried up now their remaining water is a bluish black and it stinks. somebody asked the water causes skin diseases risperidone problems even cancer 60 families in my village are affected a 40 of them with cancer the whole region has a high incidence of the disease. the nearby town of harley is an indian textile industry hub with $600.00 died works pallies fabrics are sold worldwide. the dying process consumes hundreds of thousands of liters of water every day the waste water here does get treated burst seemingly not well enough befo

how did she end up in the river?te that she was found when her body was found? what happened? what happened between the last time her brother saw her running on the road to finding her in the river? >> the autopsy was the next day and the medical examiner indicated the cause of death was drowning, asphyxia by drowning. my biggest question was, how did she drown? >> mandy was a strong swimmer. she was a lifeguard and it wasn't that deep, so if she'd gone in and was conscious or in control of her body, she could've stood up where she was and gotten out. >> she must not have been conscious. she must not have been aware, because there was no signs of struggle. there was no, like, her digging in the gravel or something like that. it was nothing. she was very peaceful. >> she had an injury on the very top part of her head. that was a hematoma that was a bleeding under the scalp. it was an area of about three inches by two inches. >> because her hair was so thick you couldn't see it. the medical examiner believed that it wo

springs and there's a river where you can jump in river. after a 3 kilometer hike up with valley you get to a river in which you can bathe. right guys. through to the. from berlin's main station it's only a stone's throw to the government quarter. right after crossing the river surely you'll pass by the chancellery. and the right stock. and since we're commemorating the 70th anniversary of the republic and you can be certain there's a reason for my visit to this stretch behind the right. here you'll find the 1st articles of the constitution not set in stone but in class. article 3 has a particularly interesting history. all people are equal before the law men and women have the same rights. the male dominated parliamentary council trying to keep that out of the constitution but the 4 female members persevered and won. as you can probably tell the right the building itself is a lot older than the federal republic it was built over 130 years ago a lot has happened since then the fall of the german empire the fire republic the nazi dictatorshi

races to the river. throws, takes his wig off throws it into the river, the bike, the gun, a bag into the river rushing into the underbrush. changes his clothes, and starts to get on a scooter that he stashed in the bushes to ride away. i mean, dresses up in the pink getupping whoing totally different than he did before we they find him in the bushes. we know the bit about the bike and then changing over into the scooter definitely that's legit in part because german police since released these weird very well-lit modern art-like photos of the actual bike that they pulled out of the river. on the left. and the escooter that he had with him in the bushes when they caught limb there changing into his pink shirt and tourist sandals after he had taken off his wig. german police released this photo of the suspect who they arrested although did not release his name according to multiple reports german police didn't release his name because they have actually no idea what his name is. and at this point in the d

log on river and eventually discharging into lake chad. but those days are gone. into what kind of power works for the current charity organization in the region his job is to ward off the looming humanitarian catastrophes. access to drinking water is an enormous problem for people and animals here in the far north of cameroon. often visits villages near the prevention capital of. today he's in home to many herders. has been a social worker for many years and knows the signs of an impending humanitarian catastrophe. in the summer of 2018 the region was on the brink. of much of. a look at nana only women used to fetch my own but now it's so bad the entire family has to help. now when young people want to build a house they have no water when we want to work there is no water a young man wants to be a farmer or work in sales and there's no water. so it's already begun young men are leaving they're going to the big cities john day and. people are starting to leave. we no longer know how we will be able to manage. the drought is especially har

this vegetation will also soon end up in the river the big. changes taking place here could soon be a reality across wide expanses of russia. and it could also have a dramatic impact on the global climate and mass migration of peoples for there is an immense amount of biomass still trapped within the palm of frost. if that trapped c o 2 in methane were to be released into the atmosphere the pace of climate change would increase dramatically. so there's a group of grasses which grew here maybe i don't 40000 years ago and then prove that this is a huge storage of carbon and think obviously the roots and put them on the one side of the balance and on the other side of the balance point although bargirl vegetation of the point of the way school trees and shrubs of the good you will see that they started but it was weak more. and the bill for us will start to be great everywhere all these will become of will for microbes to eat and they will very soon a little to greenhouse gases. that's ice pure ice out there and you see well this ice is melting t

one song the song river a motor boat comes to help. the river bank marks the end of the trip.anybody. can give me a born again. and then again by one young to. the one i know like you have to be if i get oh i don't know if. i can they'd be the end of the day if you doubt it was a down day though i didn't know you. thank you back on land the bamboo must travel another 30 kilometers through rain and mud before reaching the processing plant. the jungle roads are slippery and the driver than lead can only take a portion of the goods. being car hungry been mounted him in the night out back and have been flooded accurately when manatee how often are you name enough i need a hand with you but you know that call buddy in the morgue and i share my pain like you knew i wouldn't go and you got me you need i mean a bit of a beacon you do not go and the little that i knew what. you think you could get a deal is struck but for twice the price of one slip or wrong turn and find lead could be crushed under his vehicle. santa don't know how i'm going to hire them joe pa time i decide that i kn

on the left is the river running into downtown harrisburg. the state militia is going to take over many of the railroad buildings, including house near bridgeport, and they will convert it into block houses and try to protect the railroad as best they can. the new york state militia barely in the background. my co-author did this, you can barely see the train. the cumberland valley railroad still operational, at least in taking troops and refugees who can still make it into union held territory, they are still running trains for a little while. all of that is finished up in the battle of gettysburg is over. hermann hot appears on the scene. there are 31 railroad ridges that have been destroyed and -- in york county alone. gettysburg to hanover and hanover junction, many of those have been destroyed as well as the railroad bridges on the spur from york to wrightsville, and the longest railroad bridge in wrightsville has been burned by the pennsylvania state militia -- silva noons -- actually civilians under orders from the militia. the job is

. >> what happens up river has a downriver effect.d recreation for millions of people. from minnesota to louisiana, the river stretches more than 2,300 miles, fed by waterways in 31 states that encompass 41% of the country. but this year many communities were hit with unprecedented rainfall. in the mississippi's name sake state, the river overflowed its banks, swamping cities like greenville with the worst flooding in a century. the mayor says the flood of 2019 is reminiscent of the most devastating flood in mississippi history. >> it brings me back to the 1927 flood when the flood came, it was poor folks and black folks who were left and displaced for days and for months. and now we have the flood of 2019. here i am as a black mayor, but i can see the effect that it's having on poor folks and black folks. communities like this have been historically neglected. and then when you have high flood events like this, they get hit hard. so when it rains around the country, it pours here. >> it wasn't just the cities that flooded. hundreds o

and it's important for us to be out of the river by the end of september so that we don't interrupt to life we build it right before they come and the hope is this construction will help the generations of indigenous salmon it thrive for years into the future, it's an wild and scenic river and coming up here and seen the salmon spawn in your backyard is a really important part of being a >>by the way all that to heavy equipment that drives through the rivers pressure wash before hand in the oil is swapped out for food grade vegetable oil so there's no chance of contaminating the river. >>makes sense federal state county and city agencies are all kind of working together to make this project happen and protect the local 7 population. >>all right take a look at this video and the suv drives through a mall all today near chicago police say a 22 year-old man crash the suv into sears and then continued to drive through the shopping center causing some minor injuries. officers arrested the driver. they're still trying to figure out the motive. >>even a lawsuit threat the event known as storm

the second, the potomac river where mount vernon is is about a mile wide. i don't care if you are nolan ryan or roger clemens. you are probably not going to throw a silver dollar across a mile wide river. one of washington's grandsons did say that as a young man, george washington had thrown a piece of slate across the river at his childhood home, which is on the rappahannock. you know what happens when you throw slate, if you throw it right it will move and bounce across the river, so that might've been possible. but, what weems is trying to do is give you an image of a man who is larger than life. a great physical ability and athletic prowess. we know that george is a large man. he stood about six foot three. about my height. he had a long, straight nose. high cheekbones. at his heaviest, he weighed significantly less than i am. somewhere in the neighborhood of 220 or so and at his lightest he was probably about 175, 180. in that day and age they didn't have the obesity problems that we experience today. but virtually every school kid learns that george w