i think robert e. lee had a regard for him. m sure you know the story about when meade comes to visit robert e. lee, he says good lord, you have gray hair. robert e. lee says well you have to account for some of it. maybe it is the other way around, i don't remember. >> i was going to ask about that. it was the mason brothers, jesse grant showed up with in tennessee. >> arms are, i misspoke. -- i am sorry, i misspoke. -- robert e. lee had professional acquaintances, but i don't think any of them are necessarily intimate friends. i think the loss of jack mackey, who is practically robert e. lee's alter ego, they were close. the loss of jack mackey may have emotionally close robert e. lee up to more friendships. >> out of curiosity, based on what you shared with us tonight about mary lee and her personality, did she have a lot in common with mary, a lincoln's wife. was did marystion lee have a lot in common with lincoln's wife. there is a volatile temper and temperament. frugality.a want of that is a nice way to put it. [laughter]

but when robert e. leecrossed that threshold onto mclean's porch with a copy of the surrender terms written by eli parker in his pocket, he did more than confront a place of deep emotion. he entered a new world, one in which the southern confederacy was no longer a possibility. the end of slavery was real, and an empowered united states confronted the immense challenges of reconstruction, reconciliation and justice. though few could see it that day, lee's ride from the mclean yard through appomattox to the throes of his defeated army was not an end, but a beginning, the first act in a long national journey that continues still. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> forward, march! >> we will conclude our program here today with the ringing of ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ >> we will conclude our program here today with the ringing of this bell. on the morning of april 10th, 1865, the day after appomattox, caroline carl richards was sitting quietly eating breakfast in new york. suddenly she recorded, our church bell commenced to ring. and then the method

grant and robert e lee. general grant is portrayed by kurt field and general lee by thomas jesse. you want to invite you to be part of the conversation. here's how to do that -- call us at the numbers on your screen. at c-spantweet history and you can also join us on facebook. saw moment our viewers just on american history tv, gentlemen, what were you thinking as general lee wrote away? guest: sadness. i knew how much they were suffering with the surrender after they had fought so hard for four long years. i felt it was almost anti-climactic. one of the things i noted was the silence. there were no guns, no candidate in, no shouts, no battle sounds. the silence was a sound we had not heard for four years and it approached the eerie. , as we watchedee that site just moments ago, you seemed to pause for a moment before mounting traveler. what was going through your mind? guest: at that particular moment, i was concerned for my horse. we were putting the bridle on and i removed the forelock from under the bridle but what was going on in my mind for most was how i was going to tell m

though the bearing he could not have been more different than robert e. lee. e time the armies arrived at appomattox, he might have been only slightly less famous than his opponent. certainly, he had become a central to his nation's aspirations as lee was to the confederacy. charles francis adams jr., a grandson of presidents conceded grant's awkward ways but saw the man within. he's a remarkable man. he handles those around him so quietly and well. he has a faculty of disposing of work. and managing men. president lincoln recognized grant's skills, but especially admired his persistent sisistey purpose. he has the grit of a bulldog. another officer put it in even more colorful terms. he habitually wears an expression as if he is determined to drive his head through a brick wall and was about to do it. general grant attached himself to the army of the potomac in 1864 and promptly set about taking the initiative from robert e. lee. with a determination that matched lee's and with an army larger than the army of northern virginia, grant thundered through virginia

and robert e. lee. 's argues that grant optimistic view was brought about by the freedom and responsibility he was given by his father. in contrast, he suggests that lee remained isolated from peers because of his mother's firm hand and high expectations. this is one hour and 15 minutes. >> good evening and welcome. my name is frank williams. i am chair of the lincoln forum. it is my pleasure to introduce our friend, my friend, william davis as our keynote speaker this evening. an author of over 50 amuts and really run the g from editing books on civil war photography to books on jefferson davis, breckenridge, and his latest which is a "crucible of command." wit, as those of us who have seen him with gives ascmurray, who the as he gets and beneath surface is a mutual affection that is fairly well hidden. [laughter] he is loyal, a loyal member of our lincoln forum and we are glad to have him. i am reminded of the dispute over the use of the confederate battle flag that still simmers, wrote rages, and to

like thursday, if you believed i was robert e. lee and you believed he was general grant, we did living history exactly like it's supposed to be done. the reenactors are the gentlemen over here having to surrender their weapons. they're not particular people. they're recreating an event. they're re-creating it. that's the difference. as far as the details behind the scenes, there's not a lot of difference. >> we allow people to part the curtains of history and look down that long corridor of time and see things as they really were. >> did either of you ever expect to be here? >> never. >> no. if you had told me this two years ago, i wouldn't have believed it. >> i think say is on the line, miami, jay, you still there? jay from miami, florida. go ahead. i think -- just a reminder, jay and other callers, make sure you listen your television and listen over the phone so you can get the answer. you still there? [ inaudible ] >> we'll get back to his call in a moment. let me ask you, in the days after appomattox, general lee, what did you

eastern, the 150th anniversary of robert e. lee's surrender at appomattox. at 10:20 p.m., we visit the camp sumter military prison in andersonville, georgia, for a ceremony honoring union p.o.w.s who died there. later, at 12:35 a.m., we talk to historian leslie gordon. the civil warr the 8:00 p.m. eastern wednesday on c-span3. wednesday night, book tv in prime time features programs on the supreme court and its justices. at 8:00 p.m., melvin urovski on dissent and the supreme court, its role in the court's history and the nation's constitutional dialogue. at 9:00 p.m., eren carmen on notorious rbg, the life and times of ruth bader ginsburg. at 10:05 p.m., linda hirschman on sisters in law, how sandra day o'connor and ruth bader

maybe we'll have robert e. lee and old jefferson davis himself in another box, both of them in chains. john wilkes booth: i thought he was attending grover's tonight. [singing "honor to our soldiers"]. tom hanks: booth goes to pumphrey's stable to reserve a horse, then to write a letter, a confession, an explanation, a manifesto, signed by him on behalf of himself, lewis powell, david herold and george atzerodt. meanwhile, mr. and mrs. lincoln take a carriage ride, alone. according to mary todd lincoln, she has never seen her husband so supremely cheerful. they talk about the past, about the death of their son, willie, three years before, about the future, traveling abroad and lincoln's plan to return to his law practice. lincoln tells mary that on this particular day he feels that the war has come to a close. they end up at the washington navy yard, where lincoln summons a young naval officer, william h. flood. william h. flood: mrs. lincoln. abraham lincoln: mother, the last time we saw young flood here, we were

grant and confederate general robert e. lee. and on "real america" a progress report on nasa's project including the manned space program and the mariner four fly by of mars. just before 9:00, award winning documentary filmmaker rick burns on how the program learns about history through film and television. american history tv all weekend and holidays, too. only on c-span 3. >> former president george w. bush made a rare visit to washington, d.c. earlier this year to talk about employment opportunities for post-9/11 veterans. he was one of the many featured speakers at the u.s. chamber of commerce' summit entitled "mission transition," creating employment opportunities for post-9/11 veterans and military families. the former president says one thing he misses is being commander-in-chief in the military and interacting with service members. this is just under 30 minutes. >> it's great to be back with so many friends the business community. together our organization is committed to one of the most critical missions facing our coun

grant and robert e. lee. and then on real america, a 1965 progress report on nasa's projects including the manned space program and the mariner 4 fly-by of mars. and writer and award winning documentary filmmaker on how the public learns about history through film and television. american history tv, only on c-span 3. >>> c-span takes you on the road to the white house and into the classroom. this year, our student documentary contest asked students to tell us what issues they want to hear from the presidential candidates. follow c-span's road to the white house coverage and get all the details about our student cam contest at c-span.org. >>> former president george w. bush made a rare visit back here in washington, d.c. to talk about employment opportunities for post 9/11 veterans. he was one of the many speakers at the summit titled mission transition, creating employment opportunities for post 9/11 veterans and military families. the former president says one thing he misses is being commander in chief in

grant and confederate general robert e. lee.and on "real america" a progress report on nasa's project including the manned space program and the mariner four fly by of mars. just before 9:00, award winning documentary filmmaker rick burns on how the program learns about history through film and televi.

grant, and confederate general robert e. lee.unday afternoon at 4:00 on america," a report on nasa's projects including the manned space program and the mariner four flyby of mars. burns on how the public learns about history through film and television. american history tv, all weekend and on holidays too, only on c-span3. >> recently, the national archives hosted a panel of award-winning political cartoonist to discuss their work, inspiration, the effect on political cartoons on the public debates. this is an hour and a half. >> welcome to the 11th annual william g mcgowan form on communications, technology, and government. with presidential election fervor percolating, and potential candidates jostling for position, this is an appropriate time to discuss freedom of speech. communication, and political cartoons. how do political cartoons make a difference? we can probably agree that a picture is worth a thousand words and that the pen is mightier than the sword. political cartoons, by articulating a memorable visual image with

grant and robert e. lee. and a 1965 progress report on nasa's project including the manned space program and the mariner four fly by of mars. just before 9:00, rick burns on how the public learns about history through film and television. american history tv. all weekend and on holidays, too. only on cspan 3. >> a look at the adjudication of immigration cases and removal proceedings. >> the review of executive office director testified before a house judiciary subcommittee recently. this is just over an hour. >>> good morning. the committee will come to order. the chair is authorized to declare recesses. we welcome everyone to this morning's hearing on oversight of the executive office for immigration review. and uncharacteristically, i'm not going to begin by recognizing myself for an opening statement. i am going to introduce our witness and say welcome to him and ask if he would please rise so i can administer an oath. and then i will probably introduce you. may the record reflect that the witness answered

a civil war historian on little-known aspects of the lives and leadership of ulysses grant and robert e. leeedit 4:00, a 1965 progress projects.nasa's 9:00, rick burns on how the public learns about history through film and television. history, all weekend and on holidays. only on c-span. >> of next, author matthew green on his book. he argues minority parties yield more influence in the house than previously thought. this is just under one hour. al. we are joined by matthew green, associate professor of politics at catholic university and author of "underdog politics: the minority party in the u.s. house of representatives." thank you for being with us this morning. great power ofhe the minority in the u.s. senate. it is not so well known that the minority has power in the u.s. house. some: i was watching things in the minority party was doing in the 1990's and i was interested in how much energy they were putting into the things they were doing. it made me think, why is the minority party putting energy into four procedures and protests on the floor when they are presumably powerless? that

war author and historian william davis on the little-known aspects of the live and leadership of robert e. lee and grant. .- and ulysses s. grant and nasa projects, including project and the flyby of mars. and an award-winning documentary filmmaker on how the public learns about history through film and television. american history tv, all weekend, and on holidays. the kennedy center honors is an annual ceremony for contributions to american culture. president obama and the first lady hosted the honorees at a reception in the white house's east room. , georgeded carol king lucas, and others. it is about 20-minutes. [indiscernible conversations] >> ladies and gentlemen, the 2015 kennedy center honorees. carole king. [applause] george lucas. [applause] rita morena. [applause] seiji ozawa. [applause] cicely tyson. [applause] [applause] ♪ >> ladies and gentlemen, the president of the united states and mrs. michelle obama. ♪ [applause] president obama: thank you so much. please, everybody, have a seat, have a seat. have a seat and welcome to the white house. this is a good-looking group. [laughter]

the new orleans times picayune reports on taking down four confederate monuments and statue of robert e. lee. some are calling for more monuments to be taken down. another group sued yesterday to keep those four monuments up. >>> the arizona republic reports on a man who left his 5-year-old daughter alone in the desert with a loaded gun. paul ratter made his first court appearance yesterday. last month, he left his granddaughter alone in the desert with a handgun after his truck broke down. he was found at a bar while family and firefighters rescued the girl. he faces charges of child abuse and child endangerment. >>> "the daily progress" in charlottesville, virginia, reports on a lesson in islam. schools won't be open after a students were assigned to practice arabic calligraphy. school official say they cancelled school events after concerns about the tone of the complaints. >>> "people" reports on a lawsuit against the man lost at sea for more than a year, accusing him of cannibalism. the fisherman who drifted at sea for 14 months is being sued for $1 million by the family of his crewmate

grant, and confederate general robert e lee.day afternoon at 4:00 on progressrica," a report on nasa's projects, including the manned space program and the mariner 4 flyby of mars. burns onre 9:00, rick how the public learns about history through film and television. american history tv, all weekend on holidays, only on c-span3. >> each year, 300 members of britain's youth parliament meet at the house of commons for debates on current issues. the youth parliament is made up of young people from across britain from the ages of 11 years old and 18 years old. this part of the debate focused on issues related to racism, religious discrimination, and education. it is an hour and a half. speaker: please, take your seat. home.ke yourselves at parliamentary colleagues here are present, but more importantly, members of the united kingdom youth parliament, welcome to the chamber of the house of commons. debatealking both to the leads, and to a number of the magna carta speakers less than an hour ago, and i ask them which of them have been

grant and confederate general robert e. lee.marinerer 4 flyby of mars. just before 9:00, writer and documentary filmmaker rick burns on how the public learns about history through film and television. american history tv, all weekend. and on holidays, too, only on c-span3. >>> next, the moderated conversation with president dwight d. eisenhower's grandchildren. they will talk about his military and political career, his relevance for us today, his legacy and about the grandfather they remember. this discussion was part of the ike 125 celebration commemorating the 125th anniversary of his birth. ♪ ♪ o say, can you see by the wn

grant and robert e. lee. and a 1965 progress report on nasa's projects, including the manned space program and the mayriner fly by. all weekend and on holidays too, only on c-span 3. >>> up next on american history tv, a group of authors and historians talk about the legacy of the 1965 hart-cellar act which changed immigration policy from a quota system to one that focussed on skills and family relationships with american citizens or residents. this event took place at the university of california's washington center. it's a little over an hour. [ applause ] >> thank you very much. thanks for coming out. in california i really reflect what's happening in the sky. it's very scary. i like to introduce our tremendous panel, all very respected scholars. one of them even has the word distinguished in his title. he never laughed at my jokes. first, on the far, on left, matt garcia, the director of the school of historical, philosophical and religious studies at arizona state university. garcia was also the outreach

grant and robert e lee. sunday at 4:00, a 1965 progress projects.nasa's burns onre 9:00, rick how the public learns about history through film and television. american history tv, all weekend, and on holidays, only on cspan3. night, the stepson of the late washington columnist talks about the second volume of his diaries which give an insider's take on washington, d.c., from 1960 to 1969. >> it was remarkable all the things he did. sometimes, he would criticize himself in the diary. if you read it carefully, he must have come across different places where he said i should not have said it quite that way or lyndon is going to get mad at me for the way i wrote that column. told what id to be wrote, and i am glad i wrote it. >> sunday night on "q&a." in the historic brown versus board of education case, the supreme court ruled public school segregation was unlawful because separate schools were inherently unequal. , it determined district courts should enforce desegregation. next on american history tv

community members have been trying to change the names of jeff stewart, robert e. lee a third school that honors a past superintendent, that would be w.t. woodson in fairfax. the campaign to change the schools' names began in june after a deadly shooting at a church in charleston, south carolina. >>> the fda is makingç a move ban anyone under the age of 18 from using tanning beds. >> it says using them at a young age dramatically increases the risk of skin cancer. there is 75,000 new cases of melanoma reported this year. erica hill has more on the fda's proposal. >> reporter: as skin cancer rates rise dramatically in the u.s., there's an urgent focus on a known cause, indoor tanning beds. >> we commonly see women in their 20s with melanoma. almost every one of those young women has spent extensive time in a tanning bed. >> reporter: the fda wants to bar all minors under 18 from using indoor tanning beds and would require adults to sign a consent form acknowledging the risks. a number of states already regulate access for minors while 13 states in the district of colum

grant and confederate general robert e. lee.unday afternoon at 4:00 on "reel america," a 1965 progress for a nasa's projects including the space program and the mariner 4 flyby of mars. ust beforeriter -- j 9:00, writer and filmmaker ken burns. american history tv all weekend and on holidays, too, only on c-span3. >> next, on american history tv, former nbc news anchor and author tom brokaw told the stories of the greatest generation, a term he coined and the title of his best-selling 1998 book. mr. brokaw then goes on to discuss big ideas generated by the greatest generation and , including the marshall plan, the civil rights movement, president kennedy's commitment to landing on the moon, and president nixon's opening of china. this was hosted by friends of the national world war ii memorial.

grant and robert e. lee. sunday afternoon at 4:00 on real america, a 1965 progress report on nasa's projects including the manned space program and the mariner 4 fly-by of mars. just before 9:00, filmmaker rick burns on how the public learns about history through film and television. american history tv, all weekend and on holidays too. only on c-span3. >>> c-span takesio unon the road -- takes you on the road to the white house and in the classroom. students were asked to tell us what issues they want to hear from the presidential candidates. follow c-span's road to the white house coverage and get all the details about our student cam contest at c-span.org. >>> next on american history tv mark noll discusses the bible's role in american public life between 1492 and 1783. in the talk, noll argues that americans frequently relied on the bible to support and oppose political ideas. the wilson center hosted this 90 minute program. >> thank you all for coming out on this overcast fall afternoon. it is my pleasur

> this morning in new orleans people are protesting removal of a statue of confederate general robert e. lee. the group is calling themselves unapologizing americans, on thursday the city council there voted to remove prominent confederate monuments including the statue of lee. a federal lawsuit has been filed to halt efforts to remove the monument. >> as u.s. back lash against letting muslim refugees is building our neighbor to the north is welcoming tens of thousands of syrian refugees with open arms. a plane carrying syrian refugees seeking a new life in canada left jordan yesterday. canada's immigration minister greeted waiting men, women and children before their flight. canada plans to bring at least 25,000 syrian refugees into the country in the next few months. the civil war in syria has driven more than 4 million out of the country. >> have you seen it yet? it could be the biggest movie ever. that's what movie buffs and experts are saying about the latest "star wars" flick. "star wars: the force awakens" shattered the records bringing in about $238 million. that's $30 million more t

down four confederate monuments and one includes a 131-year-old statue of confederate general robert e. leee calling for evem more monuments to be taken down. another group sued yesterday to keep those four monuments up. >>> the "arizona republic" reports on a man who left his 5-year-old granddaughter alone in the desert with a loaded gun. paul ratter made his first court appearance yesterday. last month, he left his granddaughter alone in the desert with a loaded semiautomatic handgun after his truck broke down. he was found at a bar while family and firefighters rescued the girl. he faces charges of child abuse and child endangerment. >>> "the daily progress" in charlottesville, virginia, reports on a controversial lesson on islam. schools in augusta county won't be open today after a deluge of complaints. students were assigned to practice arabic calligraphy by writing a statement that translated there is no god but allah and mohammed is the messagenmessen ger of allah. school official say they cancelled school events after concerns about the tone of the complaints. >>> "people" reports

. >> 60 feet high in the heart of downtown new other loans, this bronze statue of general robert e. lee has become a lightning rod. >> it maintains a system of white supremacy in the city by maintaining these statues. >> people can say anything is a symbol of racism. >> now there's a controversial plan to remove the monument, along with three others in the city, all tied to the civil war. the mayor leads the charge, calling them reminders of racial oppression and slavery and not reflective of a majority black city. >> we pay taxes here. we're the majority. we want these statues down. you're not going to have a city of majority jewish with a statue of hitler. >> opposition to removing the statues has been swift with 30,000 signing a petition to keep them up. leslie has lived in new orleans all her life. she says removing them will hurt the city. >> those statues weren't hurting anybody, doing anything to anybody but do create revenue for the city from people who come from other countries who want to learn about history. >> people who want to bring the statues down want to say that new or

grant and confederate general robert e. lee. 9:00, ric burns on how the public learns about history through film and television. american history tv, all weekend and on holidays two, on c-span. too, on c-span three. as 2015 reps up, we look at , newsmakingebates issues, hearings that took center stage on capitol hill this year. we revisit mitch mcconnell taking his position as senate majority leader, pope francis' historic address to the joint session of congress, the resignation of house speaker john boehner and election of paul ryan, reaction from congress on mass shootings here and abroad, gun control, terrorism, and the rise of a isis. congress, year in review on c-span thursday, december 31 at 8:00 p.m. eastern. >> up next first lady michelle , obama hosts military families for a white house event. hello, i am a navy spouse, and my husband is currently stationed in virginia. i was so excited to learn that i was selected as a holiday decorating volunteer. this has been surreal. this is my favorite time of year and i am sure

voting to remove a 131-year-old statue of general robert e. lee. this after an emotional vote today over the legacy of slavery and the civil war. four con federal monuments in all will be taken down. the proposal fromhe new leans mayor, saying we have the power and we have the right to correct these historyical wrongs. >>> a major new study finding up to 90% of cancers are caused by lifestyle choices, including diet, exercise, smoking and stress, as well as environmental factors. the houston energy company holiliy bonus. that's a a total off $100 mimiion. merry christmas. >>> when we come back here tonight, hours away from barbara walters ten-most fascinating people, but three of them are right here tonight, with some very personal reveals. the cold truth is... if a cold keeps you up at night [ phones ringing ] you can't just catch up on sleep the next day. new alka-seltzer plus night cold & cough liquid relieves tough cold symptoms and quiets coughs for up to 8 hours... ...to help you sleep at night. new alka-seltzer plus night liquid. when you've

at 8:00 eastern, the 150th anniversary of robert e. lee's surrender at appomattox.e visit the anderson vil pri n prison. we talk to leslie gordon. the civil war at 8:00 eastern here on c-span 3. thursday on c-span, christmas at the white house. first lady michelle obama speaks to troops and their families in the east room. a tour of the white house holiday decorations and the annual national christmas tree lighting ceremony. christmas at the white house, christmas eve at 8:00 eastern on c-span. >>> this holiday weekend, american history tv on c-span 3 has three days of featured programming, beginning friday evening at 6:30 eastern to mark the 125th anniversary of

there have been some push to rename jeb stewart, robert e. lee and wt woodson high school. >>> metro says you shouldn't have any problems paying for your ride to work today. a lot of you had issues adding money to your cards yesterday. metro says it fixed the issue by the evening rush and things should be -- or will be back to normal today. >>> if you're flying this week, you aren't alone. the tsa is bringing in extra eyes to watch the sometimes chaotic security checkpoints during the holidays. there are nearly 20 layers of security passengers may not notice. the one they could tell us about is the behavior detection officers. they walk around and ask passengers every day questions. >> so i like to find out where they're going, what they think about tsa, but i'm also looking for the prohibitive item. i ask them directly, do you have anything prohibited in your bag? >> the tsa says wrapped presents are okay to carry on to the plane, but you cannot have prohibited items inside. the presents, like all bags, have to pass through the x-ray machine. >>

morning a new orleans -- people are protesting the removal of a statue of confederate general robert e. lee group is calling themselves unapologizing americans, on thursday city counsels there will voted to remove prominent confederate monuments including the statue of lee. a federal lawsuit has been filed to stop the efforts to remove other monuments. >> starting today, if you own a certain kind of drone you have to get it registered. drones that weigh more than a half pound to 55 pounds have to be registered with the faa, no later than february 19. any one that buys a drone after today has to register it before its first flight outdoors. there is a $5 registration fee but you don't have to pay the fee, they are waiving the fee if you register before january 20. the world's largest consumer drone maker just opened its first retail store in china. dji claims 70% of the commercial drone market worldwide. customers were lining up to get inside and watch demonstrations. officials hope the store will help expand its customer base and reach a bigger market, base models for these start around $11

the statutes are dedicated to general robert e. lee and the confederate president jefferson davis. >>> current and former members of the military have an extra place where they can feel like home in the midwest. there's a new freedom hospitality center at detroit metro airport. the privately funned spot provides a special place for military travelers to relax during a long trip. >> our mission is to provide a >> it gives them a refuge where they can go and be with like- relax. >> well earned. this is the second lounge at detroit metro airport. the first has hosted more than 140,000 military travelers since opening four years ago. >>> a high school football player in texas is being celebrated for his moves off the field. teenager was working at a grocery store when he heard a woman and a man arguing in the parking lot. shamara welker said at first he assumed the two knew each other until he saw the man push the woman and take off with her purse. >> that's when i ran after him. i tried to grab him, but he jumped in the car with a couple

eastern, the 150th anniversary of robert e. lee's surrender. at 10:20 p.m., we visit the camp sumter prison in andersonville, georgia, for a ceremony honoring p.o.w.s who died there. here on c-span 3. >>> this week on c-span 2 an encore of our q and a interviews. molly crabapple on her drawings of the israeli and palestinian conflict and the guantanamo bay prison. >>> this holiday weekend american history tv on c-span 3 has three days of featured programming. beginning friday evening at 6:30 eastern, to mark the 125th anniversary of the birth of president dwight david eisenhower, his granddaughters gather for a rare family discussion at gettysburg college to talk about his military and political career as well as his legacy and relevance for 21st century americans. then on saturday afternoon at 1:00, 60 years ago rosa parks defied a city ordnance for blacks to leave their seats on a city bus for white passengers. we'll reflect on the boycott and see what role lawyers played in that protest and the civil rights movement as we hear from fred gray