these statues and charlottesville, the purpose of them was to promote the worshipful reverence of robert e. lee and stonewall jackson -- robert e. lee and stumbo jackson. in a modern -- and stonewall jackson. in a modern city, they have public hearings, they had a range of witnesses, they have a commission, that sifted through the evidence and then made a recommendation to the politicians, in charlottesville. i think that is the way to go about that. as one who taught at the university of virginia for 22 years, and use the memorial landscape as a teaching tool for all of this 22 years, i find it somewhat distressing, that we flatten out the moral landscape, and treat all of these statutes is the same thing. they are not the same thing. lee in jackson, i would put together, among the five major confederate-related statues. or monument in charlottesville, they came much later, i don't even see them as confederate monuments, they are much later than confederate monuments, these are people who spearheaded putting them up, one individual basically paid for them, it was a wealthy individual that put

think it will be illuminating to have a statue to those black men a few yards from the statue to robert e. lee that would remind people that history is not a static thing and history often gives way to different memory traditions of history. there's one of them, the statue of r.e. lee, the memory of the defeated confederates after the war. here we are in whatever year you want to say, 2020, and here are the men who fought in usct units, several dozen of them, these 250 men did. here we are. this is what we're looking at. that is there. i don't think most americans understand the difference between history and memory. you have a blank look when you look at them about that. i think the eradication -- the entire eradication of this memorial landscape actually would make it easier to forget some of the hard edges of the united states history. there are hard edges. so deal with them. one way to deal with them is to understand how different generations have dealt with the memory of great events. i think there would actually be something lost in taking down everything. i will come back to my original

example you know, one thing i found interesting was douglas freeman who was the biographer of robert e. lee, he spends a lot of time in the 19 -- leading up to world war ii and during world war ii trying to turn robert e. lee into a relevant figure for americans in the second world war. he talks about his military strategy and other ideas and plans he has so he kind of tries to elevate robert e. lee but even douglas freeman at one point writes this essay and he sort of acknowledges and says, lee is an important symbol but so is abraham lincoln. it is like the power of lincoln was so much so that even somebody like douglas freeman had to acknowledge, yes. at this moment the historical figure who seems most relevant for what we are doing is abraham lincoln. >> i would just point out f.d.r. being overly cautious, i think if you look at his vote results from '32 through '44 it was the same in those states. people might vote for segregationist congressmen and senators and governors but they adored f.d.r. >> i think you are right about that. absolutely. that means take one more but maybe i don't

he finally pins robert e lead down in richmond. about grant, robert e lee would attack. would attack the bedroom and the kitchen. i'm not sure what he meant about that. in terms of attacking the goes back to richmond and petersburg. he began to systematically cut off every railway line and canal . he finally started them out. they overtook lee's army and force them to surrender. >> how does grant conduct himself at appomattox? mr. chernow: that is a touching part of the story. he refuses to allow his soldiers to gloat or celebrate. he is very generous to the confederacy's soldiers, who are starving. he gives them rationd feed them. the most beatable part in his memoirs is about the meeting at appomattox. he didn't want to rejoice over the downfall of those who had fought with such valor. and suffered such hardship for a cause. even though that cause was the worst of any any army could fight for. he pays homage to the bravery of the confederate soldiers. the cause for which they were fighting with the perpetuation of slavery. humanity and fairness and balance he brought t

they fought under robert e. lee. they fought at some of the best-known battles including antietam, gettysburg. they would always add to the list of the battle of gainesville. contemporaries and later historians have agreed that the texas brigade was one of the most effective units of the war and yet when i does into the history -- when i dove into the history, i thought we knew a lot about its combat experience and its overall service but we did not fully understand why it was so successful on the battlefield. what made this an elite unit? i concluded it is because we lacked the full picture of these men are really of the unit as a whole. i did not think we were approaching unit history in the right way. or i doubt we could approach this unit history in a better way. modern unit history has largely abandoned this a laboratory tone which were often written by a veteran of the unit. very heroic tales. by the time we got to the late 20th century, these had become pretty sophisticated analyses which really did accomplish

so for example, one thing that i found interesting was douglas freeman, the biographer of robert e lee, he spends a lot of time trying to turn robert e lee, and he talks about his military strategy and other ideas and plans, and he tries to elevate him, but even douglas freeman says "lee is an important symbol, but so is ab ra hamm lincoln. it was so much that even someone like doug last freeman had to acknowledge that yes, at this moment it feels more relevant. >> fdr being overly cautious, it was the same in those states, people might vote for segregationist congressmen, senators, and governors, but they adored fdr. >> i think you're right about that, absolutely. maybe i don't have one more. >> this was a wonderful talk. i have to be honest. i always thought that fdr embraced jefferson more than lincoln, did he connect the two at any point, i was looking fiercely for any speeches, but i felt like jefferson was more on the forefront than lincoln but maybe not. >> he was definitely important. so 1943, thank you. so he did speak at the jefferson memorial. it is not as if she being overl

robert e. lee. they fought at some of the best known battles, antietam, gettysburg. they would always add to that list the battle of gains mill, the first big battle and which they were probably the most proud. it was usually the anniversary when they held the veterans reunions. contemporaries and later historians have agreed that the texas brigade was one of the most effective units of the war. when i dove into the history of the hard fighting unit when i was starting this project, i felt like we knew a lot about its combat experiences and its overall service in the civil war, but we didn't fully understand why it was so successful on the battlefield. what made this an elite unit. i concluded it's because we kind of lacked a full picture of these men but really of the unit as a whole because i didn't think we were approaching unit histories in the right way. or i thought we could approach this unit history in a better way. modern unit histories have largely abandoned the celebratory tone, which we

not about george washington if you remember the title the man who would not be washington and robert e-lee to define him and his times written for the new york times the weekly standard he lives with his wife in bethesda and is here tonight to discuss his book washington's and the final years and forgotten struggle. joining him to discuss this book is david for trias now at usc program of which mount vernon has a long and fruitful relationship and serving in the military with a dedicated life of public service please welcome jonathan horn and general david petronius, general for trias. >> [applause] >> thank you for the kind introduction much more importantly thank you for your leadership of what is washington's library even though they didn't have those back in the days we were told this was a sellout we weren't sure if it would be in the end for those intrepid souls that are here with us tonight. we are not risking handshakes but a much more enjoyable evening than sitting at home calculating how much you lost at the stock market today. [laughter] he left out a few of my post government p

their ultimate robert e lee surrendered on april 9, 1865 at appomattox. the virtual end to the american civil war. there were other confederate armies in the field, but this was the big one, signaling the end of the war. five days later abraham lincoln, as you might imagine, was in pretty good spirits. he and his wife decided to see a play. they went to ford theater and that evening they saw a play called our american cousin. i think it's significant that it wasn't a tragedy they went to go see. they wanted to see a comedy, they wanted to laugh and be in good spirits. at one quarter after 10:00, a well-known actor made his way into the presidential box and brutally murdered the president of the united states as he was holding hands with his wife. helps to illustrate the real tragedy of that evening. thatwas a fan, the fan mary lincoln brought with her to ford's theater that night. when it was brand-new it was probably quite striking. ivory, ivory base with a silk fan. it had ostrich plumes that came off the top. this was a brutal reminder to about the wor

washington if you have read it you remember the title the man who would not be washington about robert e-lee and his times is written for the new york times and weekly standardn lives with his wife carol and his here tonight to discuss his book washington's and the final years and forgotten struggle. joining him is general david on - - general patraeus and mount vernon has a long and fruitful relationship serving over 37 years in us military with a dedicated life of public service please welcome jonathan horn and general patraeus. [applause] >> thank you very much. thank you for the kind introduction and your leadership of what is washington's library even though they didn't have those back in those days and thank you for being here. we were told it was a sellout we weren't sure if this would truly be a sellout in the end for those bold and intrepid souls here tonight not risking handshakes. [laughter] but a much more enjoyable evening than sitting at home calculating how much you lost in the stock market today. [laughter] the most important position is that i am up partner of the kkr the bi

>> loyal as much as robert e. lee told them. they don't have a choice. they are either going to be paid for their work as free men, or if they don't show up, severe penalty, i.e. sold. because the local plantation owners, good southern citizens and supporters of the confederacy, will not give up their own property to give up earthworks. that is why lee is put in a situation where he has to impress freemen. >> was this a large community? >> great question that i cannot directly answer. one ort 1860, there are two pockets of free communities around the williamsburg area. those are obviously going to grow in the coming years once the union army shows up, but documentation on them is scant. the census taker for that area is not very thorough when it comes to the free communities. but you said you are from williamsburg? >> i just moved down there six weeks ago. >> let's dig into the archives together, see what we can find. [laughter] and if you don't show up -- [laughter] [indiscernible] >> if you show up at williamsburg and want to see trenches, you say for

robert e lee relied on texas soldiers in all type places and argued "must have more of them." in april 1864 when james long corps was joined with the texas brigade he said it was the best fighting brigade. the battle of the wilderness declared texans always move them. expressing confidence these men would turn the tide of the battle which they did. other confederate, and i'm picking on texans because texans love texans -- [laughter] "the texans won immortal honor for themselves, their state, and their commander. i could talk a week and not say half they deserve." led,xas could be properly they would end the war in three months. north carolina confided to his boys with thexas best material on the continent without a doubt." even foot soldiers agreed. glory of the army of northern virginia." the other background i want to give you is what units i'm talking about. the three core regiments are the first, fourth, and fifth infantry. those are the three that are in the brigade beginning to the end. at the beginning, there joined by the 18th georgia. the georgians and south carolinia

for a century and a half, robert e. lee got almost a free ride from historians of all shades because of the universal respect felt for his demeanor and conduct in trying times even though there were some aspect of his personality that might have come in for some criticism if they appeared in the lives of his contemporaries. similarly, jefferson davis's aloof nature and prickly personal made it easy for historians to overlook more admirable traits and praise worthy actions on his part. biographers fall in love with their subjects, exaggerating their strengths. and i have done it. and thus inadvertently distort the portrait they seek to present. we must ever guard against this in ourselves but will never be rid it entirely. the same is true of the reverse. there are some people whose lives have important lessons to offer despite the thakt they were themselves unlikable, even owedious. i found that i was able to feel empathy and some respect for jefferson davis in the course of writing a big long biography of him. yet i am con

in terms of place, we obviously have robert e. lee's estate does a fairly good job acknowledging the role of freedmen's village, in this part of the talk. there are some other camps. i think the anacostia library does a very fine job of looking at, kind of reporting some of that work. also, the churches. the ame churches in d.c. do a really great job of remembering and understanding african-american experiences in the district. i think there certainly is an effort to do that, and i think it has been a fine effort thus far. but as we see, there's so many ways you can mark place and understand it. in terms of your second question, in the book i have a chapter on black girls in schools. it is really fascinating, because there are these schools for black girls that emerge kind of leading into the war, and the mayor of washington, he kind of gets really worked up about it. he basically says, these schools for black girls are a threat to the union, which sounds like, whoa, that's hyperbolic. but it just goes to show the kind of work, the buil

. >> following the success of the second battle of manassas under the leadership of robert e. lee to launch an invasion resulting from manassas was even more convinced needed on the battlefield and had to be in place to be effective so that anonymous but reliable source let the confederates move into maryland in 1862 and quickly approached and then to venture to harpers ferry where she anticipated the casualties would be set in on sunday september 14 she and her assistant cornelius well loaded the wagon the army provided with crucial materials. and then the loan teamster. when sharpsburg maryland. it with an impending sense of going and then the oppressive human flesh as human beings and animals. and at the very brink of a major battle and to hope - - to help and the battle unfolded over the next 24 hours. and with horrifying casualties on both sides and to work with her on the battlefield to call her the angel the battlefield. so sarah hale the least known of what one - - of the five i'm talking about the formation of constitutional government to participate and in that inspiring

pennsylvania are jumping on the trains and trying to put the susquehanna river between him and robert e lee. ticket sales are quite strong and hundreds and hundreds of refugees, many african-american are coming into chambersburg to try to escape the onslaught of the oncoming rebels. well, the state militia, the pennsylvania state militia is not very well organized. governor curtin has asked for 10,000 volunteers from new jersey and new york, so a number of new york standing militia regiments have arrived in harrisburg. the new york state national guard, put them on the cvrr trains, and they had south to shippensburg. with chambersburg cut off, shippensburg is the new central organization point for the pennsylvania state militia. you can't get to chambersburg because it is south of the bridge of scotland. they have to walk from shippensburg to scotland, guard bridge crews that are definitely trying to put cvrr's bridge back into place so that the army can use this if they need to. jenkins hears about the militia boring down the tracks heading towards his position. jenkins withdraws into west

robert lee. he spends a lot of time leading up to world war ii and during world war ii trying to turn robert e lee into a relevant figure for americans in the second world war. he talks about his military strategy and other ideas and plans he has. at oneuglas freeman point writes this essay, antique knowledges that lee is an important symbol. so is abraham lincoln. the power of abraham lincoln was so much that even somebody like douglas freeman had to moment,dge that at this the historical figure who seems most relevant to what we're doing is abraham lincoln. >> fdr being overly cautious, if you look at his results, it was the same in those states. people might vote for segregationist congressman and governors, but they adored fdr. >> i think you are right about that absolutely. one more? yes, i do have one more. >> this was a wonderful talk. i always thought fdr embraced jefferson more than lincoln. connect the two? i always felt that jefferson was more in the forefront than lincoln. >> jefferson was definitely important. fdr spoke at the dedication of the jefferson memorial in the 1930's. 1943.

if there are no footnotes and to have a dramatic scene we've one - - involving robert e-lee at the battle of gettysburg. and when they were decimated and on around on his horse and to say he is beating his chest and they say there are no others anywhere. and then we talked briefly. we were talking about what had not occurred to me which was wonderful book that came in for a lot of criticism. >> it's not nonfiction. >> that is the big criticism. >> and in our case, i referenced earlier that there is a ghostwriter of an autobiography. and that is the version of the book the untouchables in 1957 and has been disparaged and dismissed in the nonfiction writing and one of the things my co-author and i set out to do initially isub to be subjected to scrutiny. it has a lot of invented dialogue. you cannot know what people were wearing on a particular day. but if you take those that are described in the book piecen mail one - - piecemeal and you compare them and other sources we could find, i was shocked frankly how much of that checked out and talk about in our own book in chronological order bec

general robert e lee removed from his pedestal and put into a warehouse until a decision could be made what to do with these statues. on one hand, the controversy activity,by violent on the other, a recognition by the city council itself that symbolic meaning associated with these statues, in particular are associated with the people who have acted them in the early 1900s who were espousing a lost cause. i recommend in the readings at the bottom, mitch landrieu's book, which i recently bought and read, and it is a powerful story of him growing up in new orleans, facing confederate history, and recognizing that these were not harmless statues, that they were put up for a reason and for some people they ideologyresented an that is the antithesis to the way in which his city wanted to remember the past but also look forward to the future. also, a recent story out of franco's tombisco in the valley of the fallen, which has been -- which was controversial. from 1939ictator until his death in 1975. he was put in this honorific mausoleum.im -- after the revival of democracy and political acti

edward county, strange in the history of the war between the states prince edward county is where robert e. lee april 7th 1865 but then they met the next day and then ended the war but so in that setting the prince edward county case know be expected that but to resolve the issue but they used every strategy. so when president kennedy came to office and found were schools were denied to american children he became interested in it. and then the attorney general was instructed to give priority attention and then said to size up the situation make a recommendation. it was unique and different and difficult i said let us set up a school system. model skills just want a system to show them how they can work and then we will fight the case and the courts eventually which we will win. they will not be denied an education so one of the great qualities of robert kennedy he was a decisive leader in very creative. and was capable of seeing what an idea had as a possibility. so we set up a school system and recruited teachers from around the country which was a wonderful reminder of how idealism motivates

national success for the confederate service, the only goal of virginia under the leadership of robert e lee launched an invasion of maryland, barely catching her breath after the devastation resulting from manassas and chantilly, barton was even more convinced she was needed on the battlefield and that she had to be in place just before and during the battle to be effective. so in an anonymous but reliable source she learned of the confederates move into maryland on september 13, 1862.. >> .. then they departed for frederick, maryland. by september 16 parton, wells, the loan to mr. and their wagon of supplies had reached the army of the potomac near maryland. there was, barton later wrote, an impending sense of gloom. the air was soggy and noxious. it was all made and used by the press of human flesh and of human beings and animals. for the first time barton was where she longed to be, that is, at the very brink of a major battle where combat was imminent and where she could treat the wounded with minimal delay. the battle unfolded under the next 24 hours would be one of the biggest engagem

i'm sure everyone has heard this name, robert e. lee, he took command. tom almost missed the battle of antietam or sharpsburg. if were in the confederate cavalry, you had to provide your own horse. when he left washington county, he left riding one of his father's horses. not a rich family, but they had some land and some horses. the army of northern virginia was north of the potomac on maryland soil, and tom's horse became ill. it wasn't shot or anything. if he knew what was wrong with the horse, he didn't write about it. he probably didn't know. he wasn't a veterinarian. well, the army of northern virginia is not going to wait on tom to find a horse. they move on and tom is scurrying around. tom had never been to maryland in his life. he doesn't know anyone. after several hours, he said -- and you can use her own imagination on filling in this potential clue -- he secured a horse. he had no idea where the army of northern virginia was. they were not planning to fight along the banks of antietam creek. tom goes riding north, and in the distance, he can

shell by foote and they cite a dramatic scene involving robert e. lee in the battle of gettysburg, and the mississippi unit as decimated and had lee cantorring around on his horse like -- beating his chest and saying, my fault, my fault, all my fault, my men are lost. and the historians insist there's in other reference of that anywhere, and charged to put with making it up. and then we talked briefly about this. we were talking about another book that hadn't occurred to me but that's midnight in the garden of good and evil, which was wonderful book but came in for a lot of criticism because -- >> not really nonfiction. >> it's strong suspicion a lot of it is made up. it's interesting -- >> he massaged the time frame, too. so that was the big criticism. >> yeah. >> in our case, i referenced earlier that ness had a ghost-writer write an autobiography and became the basis of the tv show and the film and that's a book the -- be published vs. of the book "the unup toables" that came out after ness died in set 57 has been dismissed in a lot of the nonfiction

grant was locked in a "titanic" struggle to disarm robert e. lee's army of virginia and he was grinding the campaign into a virtual siege of petersburg was driving the casualty rates to ungodly numbers, and many northerners believed that the deaths were unacceptable, and even mary said so to fire grant, because grant was a butcher unquote. lincoln received a message in august from his commanding general grant who was well aware of the public pressure to fall back from the front lines and regroup expressed his desire to keep pressing the enemy. i have seen your dispatch expressing your unwillingness to break the hold where you are, lincoln replied and neither am i willing, and hold on with a bulldog grip and chew and choke as much as possible. now, there are two sides of abraham lincoln and his relationship with the war dead. two very different images. the lincoln sitting on the edge of his bed in his night shirt horrified at the body count. a man in the place that is worse than hell, but we also have grimly determined the iron jawed lincoln saying th

context look at responses in early 1863 to news of the final proclamation of emancipation including robert e. lee's letter. lee is usually seen as a moderate, his response to the emancipation proclamation is deeply angry and really strident. >> and that carries over to reconstruction. >> yes, it does. >> john, very brief. >> very brief. as somebody who is in the society of cincinnati i want to point out something to you, alexander hamilton predicted civil war in 20 years and missed it by a few -- >> he was wrong. >> he missed it by a few years but the reason he predicted it, if you don't deal with slavery there will be a civil war. >> thank you all very much. >> on that note, thank you. >> this has been an extraordinary first night. i just want to remind everyone that breakfast begins tomorrow at 6:30. you don't have to have breakfast at 6:30. we will begin here promptly at 9:00 a.m. thanks again to gary gallagher and joan waugh. hope you enjoyed tonight. [ applause ] teachers and students. >> we're featuring american history tv programs as a preview of what's available every weekend on c-span 3. t

look at responses in early 1863 to news of the final proclamation of emancipation, including robert e. lee's letter lee is he used to be seen as a moderate. his response to the proclamation is deeply angry and really striking. >> that carries over to reconstruction. >> yes it does. >> very brief. as somebody who distances side in cincinnati i want to point something. out alexander hamilton predicted civil war in 20 years. he missed it by a few years. >> so he was wrong. >> that the reason he predicted it, he said if you do not deal with slavery there will be a civil war. >> thank you all very much. >> thank you. (applause). it >> this is been an extraordinary first night. i just want to remind everyone that breakfast begins tomorrow at 6:30. you do not have to have breakfast at 6:30 and we will begin here promptly at 9 am. thanks again. (applause) other peter carmichael uses letters by union and confederate soldiers to and political outlook. he argues that the daily life of the civil war soldier required adaptability to survive the brutal environment of wartime. the lincoln form symposium ho

in terms of place, we obviously have robert e. lee's estate does a good job of acknowledging the role of freeman's village in this part of the talk. there are some other camps that i think the library does a fine job of looking at. kind of recording some of that work. also, the churches, the ame churches in d.c. do a great job of kind of remembering and understanding african-american experiences in the district. so i think that there's certainly an effort to do that. i think it's been a fine effort thus far. as we see, there's so many ways that you can sort of mark place and understand it. in terms of your second question, yes, so in the book project, i have a chapter actually on black girls and schools. it's really fascinating, because there are -- the schools for black girls emerge leading into the war. the mayor of washington, he kind of gets worked up about it. he basically -- he says that these schools are -- these schools for black girls are a threat to the union, which i was like -- that feels hyperbolic. right? but it just goes

on robert e lee's confiscated estate in arlington, housing about 100 family homes. the villages were known for large populations of women, children and elderly frequent the depicted as dependents of the government. refugees were regarded as a burden on the government and the military. government officials envisioned the camp as a temporary community, and hoped to make employment arrangements with white families in need of additional labor in the north. the communities, however, cultivated gardens, earned wages, built homes, sewed clothing and built a school for children and a hospital. when offered refuge from violence and exultation, man -- exploitation, residents in the village felt they had created sustainable living conditions that allowed them to experience citizenship. contrastingly, just across the potomac between 12th and q street camp barker was comparatively different and looked more like a tent city, with higher mortality rates and unsanitary conditions. in 1854, when officials moved agreed, andnly 120 the remaining 685 refused to set foot on slaveholding

all the other developments that took place during that period but the previous book that was e-lee the robert and then it has something to do with your speechwriting. >> first of all thank you general patraeus for being here at the home of george washington the part of american cincinnatus i can think of nowhere fitting to be here tonight than with you. thank you for being here but thee previous book is called the man who would not beat washington that the next book should be the man who was george washington. [laughter] i was a general's speechwriter at the end of the presidency so i saw what happened when they leave office and becomes a former president one of the surprises i had is that the first post presidency had never really been told that may sound surprising if you think of all the biographies written about george washington but if you have any sympathy is not surprising think of how much ground they have toit cover to hold the continental army together and presided over the constitutional convention and served two terms as president then you are out of time your editor is on the pho

robert lee luster jr. aurilia donna luster. >> we continue to remember our friends and family from the social security administration, first floor. airman first class lakeisha richardson levy. raymond lee johnson. jean nutting hurlbert. dr. charles ehawthorne sr. ronald harding sr. cheryl e. hammond. eth el l. griffin. margaret betterton goodson. laura jane garrison. mary ann fritzler. don fritzler. ashley megan eckles. my grandmother, katherine louise crega cregan. >> we continue to remember our friends and family from the social security administration, first floor. gabreon d.l. bruce. peachlan bradley. my aunt, carol louise bowers. cassandra k. booker. olita c. bidding. peola battle. calvin battle. sandra g. "sandy" avery. pamela cleveland argo. richard a. allen. theresa antoinette alexander. ♪ >>> good morning. i want to thank you for joining us on our 168-day journey, as we have been looking back and thinking forward. we began with this powerful message. on day one, we heard our story put into story put into historical historical perspective. i'm here, thinking forward, learning and connecting the past with the future. lessons learned here from the bombing and combining history, science and technology teach relevant lessons i

this bothered people in a confederate context, look at news of the final proclamation including robert e lee's proclamation. it is deeply angry and strident. >> and that carries over to reconstruction. >> as somebody who is in the society of cincinnati, i want to point out something, alexander hamilton predicted civil war in 20 years. >> so he was wrong. >> he missed it by a few years. he said if you don't -- [ applause ] >>> this has been an extraordinary first night. i justment to remind everyone that breakfast begins tomorrow at 6:30. you don't have to have breakfast at 6:30. we will start here at 9:00 a.m. thank you again. >> we are featuring american history programs as a preview of what is available every weekend on c span 3. we will show you a reenactment as enthusiasts reenact crossing the river. american history tv, tonight at 8:00 eastern on c span 3. >> every saturday night, american history tv takes you to college classrooms around the country for lectures in history. >> had you ever heard of the gene harris murder trial before this class. >> it was in a transformation that took pl

heartland of virginia of prince edward county between the states and prince edward county is where robert e. lee spent the night of april 7th and then to end the war. so that prince edward county setting case know be expected the supreme court to resolve the issue but the southern lawyers were good and they used every known to man so when kennedy came to office and found there is a place in america where they were denying american children, he was personally interested. then the attorney general and to size up the situation and the recommendation. my recommendation was unique and different and difficult. i said let us set up a model school system to show how this can work meanwhile the courts we will win. children will not be denied an education and one of the great qualities of kennedy is he was a decisive leader and a very creative leader and was capable of seeing what an idea had is a possibility. and then to undertake this and to set up a school system to recruit teachers from around the country which was a wonderful reminder of how idealism motivates and teachers came from all over the coun