they thought your intellectual asset to the person you on no, robert goddard who went off and got funded to do aeronautics and aerospace engineering and rockets. the 300 of his pats continue to be in every airplane that you and i travel on. >> there's lots of articles. you couldn't have invitation. >> to american philanthropies under served the poor? >> yes. >> therefore, if they under served the poor, well, my understanding of the legislative initiatives as the grey mining national committee want to have a rule that would require either directly or indirectly that the money be spent in a certain way or coach people for certain kinds of groups. it is true that the american philanthropies are under serving the poor, why wouldn't it be a good idea to require them to correct that imbalance? >> because that is the medicine that kills the pharmaceutical industry that is creating it. american philanthropy just doesn't work like that. they want the medicine to be coerced philanthropy, then philanthropy died. we are not set up for philanthropy to be a psychic kind of taxation. we pay taxes, than

robert v. hamilton of the nasa goddard space flight center, patrick gaule from the slums school of management of mit, lindsay lowell, director of policy studies for international migration at georgetown university and on will be on the panel as well. if i could ask our moderator and analysts to come up. >> okay. anyway, here we go. good morning, thank you for coming. david asked me to do this in a slightly different order than is listed inside the program. we will do it as on the front side of the program. so let's begin with bob hamilton. [inaudible conversations] >> the first speaker we have some logistical challenges here. get the first one loaded and we will be ready to go. pretty good. good morning. my presentation is focused on doctoral degree attainment by students at u.s. universities in the science and engineering fields. this can be considered a form of highly skilled migration for the purpose of education. the percentages are from a paper co-authored by myself and my two colleagues from george mason university, and thanks to the national science foundation for their support. on a pers