please help a welcome robin hanson. [applause] >> i'm going to give a short talk and we'll have lots of time for questions, and i know there will be lots of questions, so get them ready. now reading unless you beg me. this is all of history on one graph. on the x. axis is log rhythm of time, sometime in the near future for all fits. on the y. axis is the growth rate of the human economy and of other things before. notice it looks like a staircase. humans started 1 million years ago and double roughly every quarter million years at a steady rate and then there was a sudden transition. when the growth rate jumped up by a factor of more than 50, having farmers a double roughly every 1000 years. that happened about 10,000 years ago. been 200 years ago there was another transition from the industrial revolution. and then the growth rate again jumped up in less than a doubling time to be doubling every 15 years. that's what it's been doing for the last few centuries. if this trend were to continue then sometime in the next ce