he was not only jewish and christian he was also a roman citizen subject to roman law. but until the end it remained unclear which locke paul had violated. for and light invoked he should offer a layman the description of what happens after paul's arrest is very confusing wasn't it has to be said of course that looks account is highly dramatize topple him but reading between the lines it's clear that there was a roman citizen saying. lol. i am a roman citizen i have a right to be given a trial in rome and i appeal to the emperor. as is my right to you who is me and then kaiser. paul is said to have spent another two years imprisoned in says area. only then would he be sent to rome. and. paul traveled to the city along the via appia. one of his privileges as a roman citizen was that he was only under house arrest he was even permitted to continue missionizing. the roman empire was home to a growing number of christian churches. but christians were still a tiny minority in. the holy communion taught by jesus christ was celebrated in secret. they believed sacrifices to the

roman the. tunnel city the coliseum is two thousand years old the pantheon like clients its rich under is made of concrete of lighter than normal density the romans pioneered the use of concrete italy is full of historic buildings that have withstood the ravages of time what exactly makes them so extraordinary durable is an interesting question but one that's only been australia to very recently. it's true the fact that the modern technology of concrete starts developing the late fifty's saw when the realize that the way they produce the concrete was not the smartest way they started to think ok let's see which is the secret of the nation from rome. here is an ancient thermal bath geologist pierre julio demonstrates just how robust it is in the lower part you will see these irregular blocks of neapolitan yellowed off that are mixing together with the mortars which is made by an excess and some lime mixed together this is the neapolitan you load off the rock and this is the mortar you can see tha

and the secret of cement what makes roman ruins so long lasting. first let's talk about sex nature offers a stunning variety of organisms each striving to reproduce some of them don't even need a partner to produce offspring in others the father bears the young and it turns out that in sexual reproduction the conventional model of two genetic parents doesn't always hold true at least in plants. here moms have one genetic mother and one genetic father the same generally goes for the rest of the animal world but new research shows that things can be different for plants it turns out that fail cress plants occasionally exhibit different numbers of chromosomes. molecular biologist reject goals hart and her team at braman university suspected they could have a mother and two fathers now the researchers have been able to prove it. either before during the first rise ation process and they excel can infuse with more than once. we describe this red process as poly spermy what's special about the plants is that the process of police isn't lethal but can act

me, i'm interested in the roman empire. climate history was a very important force that could either stabilize and contribute to the success of the romans when the climate was favorable, but it can also challenge the romans. it can induce famine or drought. it could induce migrations or geopolitical challenges that were very difficult to manage. it was an important part of human history from the very beginning. volcanicxample is a corruption that happened in 53680. the written record, the 538 a.d.. sources -- have recordswe now that help us understand what our human witnesses were observing. what they were experiencing. but now we know, there was a large volcanic corruption somewhere in the northern hemisphere that caused the sun to appear dimmed for apparently quite some time. so you have that synthesis, the human observation and the physical testimony. that was followed a few years later by another massive volcanic corruption in the tropics. eventswo are corruption caused massive and instantaneous effects in the climate s

of the fate of rome is the story of the fall of the roman empire, the classical historical questions of how doesn't impart its one of the most dominant powerful empires that any human civilization ever created, how does it fall how does it ceased to be a dominant political entity and my theory is that to tell this story right we have to include the powerful force of the natural, physical environment including climate change and biological events. a good example of this is the first pandemic, the first plague pandemic at the end of the roman empire in the middle of the sixth century there was an enormous mortality that that engulfs the entire empire and beyond and fills unprofitable part of the act-- the population. it's called the plague, the bubonic plague, one of the most devastating pathogens that humanity has ever faced and yet even though our historical records describe the horrific a facts of this pandemic the historical record only exists for certain parts of the world and even within the former roman empire the evidence we have is actually very biased towards large cities and

being historical aficionados with roman clothes, and entering the roman forum which to us re—enactorspowerful. tourists and locals looked on as this extraordinary birthday was marked. all hail rome, the eternal city. 2,771 years and counting. tim allman, bbc news. queen elizabeth celebrated her 92nd birthday on saturday, culminating in a concert at the royal albert hall in london. organised by the royal commonwealth society, there was a broad range of music from across the decades and and across the world. andy moore reports. # it's not unusual to go out at any time. sir tom jones kicked off the show, backed by the sound of traditional indian drummers. # it's not unusual, it happens every day. zoe ball presented a night she described as the biggest party of the year. like any one of us on our birthday, the queen has booked the local hall. it is, of course, the stunning and historic royal albert hall. the performers came from across the commonwealth. kylie minogue from australia, shawn mendes from canada and from jamaica, shaggy. there has been a really broad range of music at tonight'

by the end of that spring, more than 8,000 romans are slaughtered.y the carnage, pope clement vii flees the vatican and seeks safety. he gets away by sneaking out of the city. the pope hide out in a castle outside of rome for five weeks. but eventually the german army surrounds his refuge. clement vii is forced to surrender to king charles v. >> there was no intention to kill the pope. why would you do that to the holy father? but what the emperor wanted was to make the pope helpless. aened he he did so. and now the emperor had him at h his mercy. he retreats to a deserted palace in italy. church business slowly resumes. until the pope finds himself clashing with another powerful monarch in a feud that will change the reach of the catholic church forever. ♪ (vo) dogs have evolved, but their nutritional needs remain instinctual. that's why there's purina one true instinct. real meat #1. a different breed of natural nutrition. purina one true instinct. now, try new purina one true instinct treats. our or crohn's symptomare holdinyou back, is and your c

being historical aficionados with roman clothes, and entering the roman forum which to us re—enactorsoo powerful. tourists and locals looked on as this extraordinary birthday was marked. all hail rome, the eternal city. 2,771 years and counting. tim allman, bbc news. crowds have been gathering to catch a pod of killer whales swimming in the west of scotland. it is the first time they have been caught swimming in the upper part of the river clyde for many years. we can speak to david on the phone. thanks for being with us. why do you think they are there? looking food, i would imagine. there is many food items for these animals. how unusual is it to see them there? this is a transient group that are more commonly seen in shetland and the 0rkneys and over towards norway. we have a group of resident killer whales that usually live in the west coast of scotland. it is quite rare that we have this transient group making their way up the river clyde. they are extraordinary creatures. we are seeing some pictures of them there. wonderful creatures. they are super intelligent animals and top p

we are at the roman fort this morning.umberland, scotland and northern ireland to have the sunshine. showers in the far north of scotla nd sunshine. showers in the far north of scotland at the moment. most places dry and sunny. many will stay that way throughout. south from cumbria and northumberland, lots of cloud, outbreaks of rain. a thorough soaking through some parts of southern england, wales and the midlands. after some rain earlier in the far south east, things turn dry, maybe a bit brighter. there will be some showers later. that whole area of rain will move its way eastwards. much of wales and south—west england will turn dry. parts of the midlands will turn dry. parts of the midlands will stay wet throughout. we have got the rain, temperatures seven, 8 degrees in the afternoon. parts of scotla nd degrees in the afternoon. parts of scotland will see some heavy showers in the afternoon and the odd rumble of thunder. they will fade away through tonight. clear skies across scotland, northern ireland and the far nort

by the end of that spring, more than 8,000 romans are slaughtered.d horrified by thee slips away. >> he gets away by sneaking out of the city. >> the pope hides out in the castle outside of rome for five weeks, but eventually the germ an army surrounds his refuge. clement vii is forced to surrender to king charles v >> there was certainly no intention to kill the pope. why would you do that to the holy father? but what the emperor wanted was to make the pope helpless, and he did so. and now the emperor had him at his mercy. >> after clement vii yields significant papal territory to charles v, he retreats to a deserted palace in norieto, italy. church business slowly resumes, until the pope finds himself clashing with another powerful monarch in a feud that will change the reach of the catholic church forever. the new 3-point rib bloom, only $12.99. signature barbecue ribs and cheese fries on top of our bloomin' onion. available for a limited time. outback steakhouse. aussie rules. adult 7+ promotes alertness and mental sharpness in dogs 7 and older.

the huns and the franconian and the middle ages strasbourg was part of the holy roman empire of german nations and strasbourg cathedral does bear a striking resemblance to the one in fiber gk no wonder they were built around. at the same time where are you from atlanta georgia or the united states future. this is completely different to what do you what do you like about it i love that age the history so charming beautiful in the name of it what's your impression of the city it's the first time i think i mean or you know i feel maybe the piece of turf i did i would be interested in value that of those we love europe we're always trying to get over here from argentina when we have time you get them when you move the frequency but it was. another tourist hot spot is the pity fos quarter with its half tim birdhouses strasburg's old town has been declared a world cultural heritage site by unesco that's also the case with the so-called new town where you'll find monuments from the times of the german empire in the nineteenth century. many of our viewers from across the globe travel around e

but it could also challenge the romans. it could induce famine or drought. it could induce migrations and geopolitical challenges that the roman sound very difficult to manage. so it's been important part of human history from the very beginning. a great example of this this ia volcanic eruption happened in the year 536. the written record, the historical sources actually widely testified to a really weird climate that you, very anomalous. they describe the year without a summer. 18 months when the sun was invisible. now it turns out that we both ice core entry ring records that help us understand what our human witnesses were observing. they didn't understand what they were experiencing, but now we know in 5362 is a large volcanic eruption somewhere in the northern hemisphere that caused the sun to appear damned -- 536 -- for some period of time. you have that synthesis of the human observation and the physical testimony. that was followed a few years later by another massive volcanic eruption in the tropics, in this erupt

so we are on the top of the hill where two thousand years ago the romans built their temple and these are the pictures of the city that in the short area has examples of two thousand years that these three because directions from different periods of h. and this is. the reason why travelers must not skip visit the this world everything each city. another fascinating but grisly tourist attraction is ever as so-called chapel of bones. if that's the truth it's soulful braveheart. standing here a week before you are just told me. this is one of the best known monuments in ever of the chapel was meant as a meditation spot for monks but four hundred years ago they decided to move the bones of more than five thousand commoners to this final resting place. back in the land of the living ever also offers a cozy call an airy environment it's common to find locals who own and run the restaurants in the center of town. migues consists of bread crumbs sauteed and garlic and olive oil they're stirred until they soak up the oil once rolled the meat is added and in this case. now this dish may be a c

and the secret of cement what makes roman ruins so non lasting. first let's talk about sex nature offers a stunning variety of organisms each striving to reproduce some of them don't even need a partner to produce offspring in others the father bears the young and it turns out that in sexual reproduction the conventional model of two genetic parents doesn't always hold true at least in plants. humans have one genetic mother and one genetic father the same generally goes for the rest of the animal world but new research shows that things can be different for plants it turns out that fail cress plants occasionally exhibit different numbers of chromosomes. molecular biologist reject those heart and her team at

will cease to be at all and finally in this regard the monk who emerged out of the collapse of the romanempire in the six century offer an example to all of us late christian catholics and protestants in either one -- eastern orthodox to show that faith can survive so that is the basic outline of the benedict option that the option part comes from the final paragraph from the classic work after virtue to compare our time and place and he wrote social turning point in the earlier history occurred when men and women turned aside from the half and sees to identify the continuation of civility in moral community and what they haven't felt that she instead often not recognizing fully what they were doing was a construction of new forms of community that could be sustained so morality and civility could surprise those coming ages of barbarism and darkness he famously said we await a new differencing benedict but a person or persons who could pioneer way of life that the virtues could survive the present option that is where that comes from mr. mcintyre. but the option part comes from mcintyre

you're roman next d.w. . in the heart of europe. picturesque landscapes are being turned into agricultural waste. biodiversity is being replaced by monoculture. solo hero mania. premier who's responsible and can it be stopped. in sixty minutes on. where i come from we have to fight for a free press and was born and raised in a military dictatorship with just one t.v. shadow and if you are his favorites when official information as a journalist i have worked on the streets of many cantrips and their problems are almost the same for doing the social inequality a lack of the freedom of the press and corruption who can afford to stay silent when it comes to the fans of the humans on scene or microphones who had decided to put their trust in us. my name is johnny paris tonight we're a day domini. welcome to your max highlights the best of european lifestyle and culture this week is what's coming up. pine accommodation a hotel with a difference in switzerland. polish before meat indoor skydive oh my i could since go.

the conversion of the roman emperor constantine marked a turning point legend has it that constantine had a vision on the eve of battle in the year three hundred twelve he saw the cross and the words in this sign conquer. he had crosses painted on his soldiers shields and he won that decisive battle the emperor converted and declared christianity the state religion. another point on the cross lost its associations with the shameful death it spread across the roman empire first in the form of a monogram combine in the first two letters of the greek word christophe's keith and row. over the centuries it was increasingly figured as across. in these early depictions the crucified jesus is shown as christians of that era wish to see him already victorious over life and death living and triumphant. yes i know this stone looks very simple at first sight or the cross has arms of equal length from the bar but it's from the seventh century the guy who during the marriage engine dinnerstein the graves are priests and high ranking officials were marked with stones like this least. i suggest arkel

are taught the other is a monster. ( ticking ) >> whitaker: you've heard about pompeii, the ancient romanstroyed when mount vesuvius erupted in 79 a.d. less well-known is the neighboring city of herculaneum, also buried by the volcano. when the city was rediscovered, excavators found what could be the richest repository of ancient western wisdom-- a library filled with papyrus scrolls. >> there's no archaeological site in the world that matches this. >> whitaker: the scholars think there could be unknown greek and latin masterpieces-- even the first references to jesus. ( ticking ) >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm scott pelley. >> i'm anderson cooper. >> i'm holly williams. >> i'm bill whitaker. those stories, tonight, on "60 minutes." ( ticking ) [ phone rings ] hi, tom. hey, how's the college visit? you remembered. it's good. does it make the short list? you remembered that too. yeah, i'm afraid so. knowing what's important to you... it's okay. this is what we've been planning for. thanks, bye. that's what's important to us. it's why 7 million investors work with edward j

and the by sun times of the east and the roman empire. in an old day shift move taking on both empires at once he launched the muslim conquests. but crucially he gave his men orders to preserve. destroy. many have the. usual look and. well you will see. ballet i thought a little in the set. of the looting with a day guinea and every man i bid him. a box commander in the east. made good ground in iraq fighting the sustenance. of the four armies sent to attack by them in the levant meeting heavy resistance. on the order. which he moved his men across the desert to the west of the front. and oldest six thirty four on the fields of here in palestine. the most i'm on he's gathered to take on the might of done to you. the most. wicked and the. one the. ultimate. in. a human didn't pull me. out. so how some of the mob. but in the wake of victory it as that the. enough to just to use this kind. of a book. and in a just sixty one. there's no moment where there's an election or a council and we just have this placement as it were like a vice presid

i'm christine romans. >> i'm dave briggs. developments as it looks like we will see denuclearization on the korean peninsula. what does it mean? let's talk about that. u.s. agencies ramping up their surveillance of north korea as the summit with president trump and kim jong-un draws closer. now the leaders have committed to peace and denuclearization, the pentagon spy agency and other branches briefing the white house daily using data from the satellites and drones. >> mike pompeo sees an opportunity to rid the peninsula of nukes, but insists any deal must be irreversible. >> we use the word irreversible with great intention. we will require the steps that demonstrate that denuclearization will be achieved. we will not take promises. we will not take words. we will take actions. we will keep the pressure campaign in place until we achieve it. >> the progress on the korean peninsula had the president's supporters in a frenzy at a rally in michigan. >> nobel. >> that's very nice. that's very nice. nobel. >> for the latest devel

i'm alex marquardt. >> i'm christine romans. it is friday the 13th. april 13th. it is 4:00 a.m. in the east. 11:00 a.m. in northern syria. we will have a report in a few minutes. in the book, fired fbi director james comey blasts donald trump in brutal terms calling him unethical and untethered to truth and insurantitutional val. ego driven and personal loyalty. it exploded into public view last night. cnn obtained a copy. comey calls the trump presidency a forest fire and says aspects of the loyalty oath and boss in complete control reminded him of the days prosecuting the mob. >> and comey recounts the first meeting with president trump. comey said the only question of the russian meddling, you found no impact on the result, right? >> and the d on oossier and the unverified claims that russia had video of trump watching prostitutes urinate. he was obsessed with the golden shower information. if his wife melania thought it was true, he rolled on and explained why it could not possibly be true. ending it by saying asking me to i

i'm christine romans. i thought it was friday. it isn't. it is friday eve. thursday, april 19th. 4:00 a.m. in the east. there is nobody tougher on russia than the president. the president decided to scrub plans on sanctions for russia over the syrian regime. the president under scored the decision at the news conference in florida with the japanese prime minister. >> we'll do sanctions as soon as they very much deserve it. we will have -- that is a question. there has been nobody tougher on russia than president donald trump. >> caught in the middle of that is ambassador nikki haley. she has not been told about the change of sourcourse before shet on the talk shows sunday. >> the prime minister shinzo abe was expected to talk about trade, but he decided to sit down for an interview with special counsel robert mueller as the prime minister waited. >> there was no collusion. that has been found by the house intelligence committee. no collusion. no collusion with russia other than by the democrats or as i call them the objestructionists. it is a bad thing for o

i'm alex marquardt. >> i'm christine romans. let's start with the revelations about what fbi agents were looking for when they raided trump's personal lawyer and fixer michael cohen. the warrant sought communications with trump and cohen about the "access hollywood" tape. that is on top of what we know investigators are seeking on efforts to prevent the eruption of stories on two women who claim they had affairs with donald trump. stormy daniels and karen mcdougal. gloria borger has the latest. >> reporter: alex and christine, the fbi agents that raided michael cohen's home, office and hotel room on monday were looking for communications between then candidate trump and cohen and perhaps others about efforts to prevent the release of the infamous "access hollywood" tape. you remember this. it captured donald trump making lewd remarks about women before the election. the warrant specifically references trump in the search warrant. that is a direct mention of donald trump in the search warrant. sources say it appeared in connectio

i'm christine romans. >> i'm dave briggs. it is 31 minutes past the hour. we start with breaking news. authorities are warning people to keep doors locked and eyes open as long as the waffle house attackers is on the loose. 29-year-old travis reinking shot and killed four people with an ar-15 rifle on early sunday morning. reinking is known to have a history of mental problems. he was arrested last year after breaching a security barrier at the white house. the guns were given to his father and his father gave them back to reinking. for more, let's go to cnn's diane gallagher in antioch, tennessee. >> reporter: dave and christine, of course, above all else, people here in antioch, tennessee and surrounding area are on edge. we are looking at more than 24 hours now since the shooting. they still do not know where he is. they have been looking for him and used k-9s trying to find this man and still no sign of 29-year-old travis reinking. now, they say that just after 3:00 a.m. on sunday, central time, he came to the waffle house here and parked his truck. he

pax romana, when the roman empire extended through much of europe. or pax britannica, when the sun never set on the british empire. - the original pax is pax romana, the roman empire and the peace that rome spread. pax britannica, in the 19th century, really describes the british led world order that was underwritten essentially by the royal navy. - at particular points in history there's been one unusually strong power, and that power has made many of the rules for what passes for an international world system. - [narrator] pax americana was born out of the preponderance of power the us enjoyed in the aftermath of the second world war. - dean acheson, truman's security of state, he described in his very famous memoirs, present at the creation, that creation of a new order and that new order was an american led and upheld order that involved the creation of the united nations. the world bank. the international monetary fund. separate but equally important nato. the world trade organization. these were really the sort of key pieces of architecture of

being historical aficionados with roman clothes, and entering the roman forum which to us re—enactorsrful. tourists and locals looked on as this extraordinary birthday was marked. all hail rome, the eternal city. 2,771 years and counting. tim allman, bbc news. goodness, let's find out how the weather is looking now. the last of the heat in south england and seven clear, a lovely day, maybe a bit too warm for running a marathon that a lovely day along the thames, this was walton—on—thames in surrey. we've seen rain and cloud in some areas, in argyll it is much cooler and this is bringing the rain. we had some storms last night which have cleared away. this is the main cloud pushing eastward and behind this we are drawing in colour and fresh air. in the warmth in the south—east and east anglia some sharp showers may be but they won't last long, showers in the northern half of the uk will become fewer overnight. we have clear skies and a westerly breeze and a much cooler fresher night. between five and 7 degrees committee to be a co mforta ble degrees committee to be a comfortable night

through the apostle paul in the book of romans and in first corinthians. let your conscience be your guide as to what you should do. a person's liberty should not be determined by another man's conscience as to what one is to believe or what is right. conscience as in all of these issues had a long history of being used and applied in the course of christianity and right through the reformation. in fact, some of the reading i've been doing the first time it occurs during the reformation is on the lips of a franciscan nun because her monastery was being shut down by the lutheran magistrate. she says you talk about the freedom of the gospel and you won't allow us to follow our consciences. madison is not citing that. finally, very quickly, madison says the choice is inalienable, it precedes the claims of society. this is in the image of god which shah has already said. they are free by nature. they make their own judgments what to believe and what not to believe. they cannot be subject to the dictates of others. so tsummare, madison was the beneficiary of wa

and the by sun times of the east and the roman empire. in an all day shift move taking on both empires at once he launched the muslim conquests. but crucially he gave his men orders to preserve not destroy. the. usual. ballet i thought a little in the set. of the looting with a day union of the mob in. a box commander in the east. made good ground in iraq fighting the sauce and. the four armies sent to attack by sun time garrisons in the levant were meeting heavy resistance. on the other hand it would be moved his men across the desert to the west. and six thirty four on the fields of here in palestine. the most them he's gathered to take on the might by zante of. the most. wicked and. even one the. well in the. middle. of a will. to have someone modify it all. but in the wake of victory as that. and after just two years this kind. of book to die at the age of sixty one. there's no moment where there's an election or a council and we just have this placement as it were like a vice president coming on to the throne of the kind of what of b