we end today's show with ronald deibert.director of the citizen lab and at the university of toronto. he is also author of the recent book "reset: reclaiming the internet for civil society." thank you so much for joining us at this early hour as you speak to us from vancouver. can you talk about the significance of this flaw, how it was discovered, and what it is doing to so many billions -- to 1.6 billion apple products? >> thank you for having me. we examine t phones of a saudi activist who is part of the research study that we are running in march 2021 and determined there iphone had been hacked with nso groups pegasus spyware. nso group is a mercenary surveillance company based in israel that has been the subject of numerous prior citizen lab reports. we have shown their technology, which is marketed to governments to assist in law enforcement and national security investigations is in fact widelabused. it is used to target broad sections of civil society, including journalists, human rights defenders, lawyers, and other