so in '37-'38, there was -- rooseve roosevelt, under a lot of pressure to reduce budget deficits and so, on tightened fiscal policy quite a bit. the fed, worried about inflation, tightened monetary policy. again, i don't want to claim it's all that simple. a lot was happening.terptations at least, were that the reversal in policy too soon prevented the recovery from proceeding faster. i think -- we'll talk about lessons later on. but i think if you accept that traditional interpretation, it is that you need to be attentive to where the economy is and not move too quickly to reverse the policies that are helping the recovery. leland. >> yes. a few of the graphs that we saw today and other historical trends, it seems that after an economic slump, recovery often takes five or more years. as represented by the great depression [ inaudible ]. i was wondering, do you think it is common for unemployment to remain at high levels until sometimes a half decade after an economic slump? and is criticism often premature? moreover, how do you address these concerns in a political environment when