taft and roosevelt continues. but you know, he -- e roosevelt picks him as hand picked successor because he's a great number two man he's sufficient. no ego carries out roosevelt wishes. roosevelt is pure act as new hampshire rei adams said of roosevelt and taft creates administrative apparatus in cuba building the panama canal that make it is possible for roosevelt to achieve all of his ends, and becomes president and roosevelt has -- questions about him. right after that quote i began by reading about the storm. roosevelt goes home and tell journalist friend he'll do okay but he's weak. sort of suspected that taft didn't have the instinct for popular leadership that he did. and then, of course, the relationship over this unexpected series of events leading to dramatic difference of american history. something -- missing or -- mysterious in this account particularly about his declining twice the offer on the supreme court. the thing he wanted most in life come os to him fairly young age and he declines twice they

roosevelt asked hamiltonian. and taft as madisonian. we all like to be described as any one of them but here they are at each other's throats and you put this into a philosophical context . want to elaborate a little bit? >> i have to put in a plug for a great new exhibit for the constitutional center. hamilton versusmadison , jefferson. the constitutional clashes that shaped america. i just saw them this morning including hamilton's writing desk and replicas of the dueling pistols and the letter where jefferson talks about the need to break up the hamiltonian system but this great exhibit shows the conflict between these three philosophies of government and we know about hamilton favoring large energetic government, sort of modern article presidency and a very broad congressional power. jefferson advocated states rights and liberty, questioning congress and to the judiciary, but taft is indeed a madisonian. that's why it's so exciting to read about his constitutional writings. he says we are not a direct democracy nor did the framers o

because of roosevelt. some may say, well, as time went on, roosevelt got very sickly and it didn't look like maybe he might not be able to finish out his term. that was a very clear until he was almost dead because they hid his illness. ride around and convertibles. he did not stand up and give speeches. if he did stand up, he had an entourage with him that made it appear like he wasn't really crippled, but he was. and that's really all i have to say. is main point i want to make harry truman was never, never tied to pendergast as a crook or accused or convicted of any crime. no, i think that's true, but it's possible -- no, i'm finished. [applause] jon: thank you. >> if you have a young guy starting out in politics -- like you, i studied harry truman and i think i have to make some compromises like he did. what would you advise a young man or a young woman? jon: you have to understand the contingencies and people. i don't think truman is given enough credit for understanding very quickly the very -- the p

because of roosevelt. some might say, as time went on, roosevelt got very sickly and it didn't look like maybe he might not be able to finish out his term. that was not very clear until he was almost dead because they hid his illness. he would ride around in convertibles. he did not stand up and give speeches. if he did stand up, he had an entourage with him that made it appear like he wasn't really crippled, but he was. and that's really all i have to say. the main point i want to make is harry truman was never, never tied to pendergast as a crook or accused or convicted of any crime. no, i think that's true, but it's possible -- no, i'm finished. [applause] jon: thank you. >> this may sound like a funny question that if you had a student that was going into politics, a young guy starting out in politics and i have studied harry truman and it looks like i might have to make some of the same compromises to get my career started. what would you advise a young man or a young woman? jon: you have to understan

then along comes theodore roosevelt. president roosevelt -- families lived and worked in the mansion. the office was in the mansion. president roosevelt had a lot of kids, and their animals, apparently. so they needed more room. he added the west wing for the office of the president and he wanted a larger state dining room. what he did -- this is the old west end of the white house, that is the other staircase. that wall to the left where the chairs are is the wall to what was then the state dining room. president roosevelt wanted it bigger, so he not only knocked out the stairwell, he took out that loadbearing wall. [laughter] mr. daniel: he had his architect -- and i know why he wanted to make the state dining room bigger, it was so there was room for the antlers that you can see all over the wall. [laughter] mr. daniel: that is very impressive in that room. but he took out that loadbearing wall, and they rigged a weird steel buttress system from the roof, holding up the second floor. instead of the loadbearing wall, y

it was eleanoror roosevelt. she went on national radio the night of december seven and talk to the nation about the coming crisis, about the japanese attack, about having four cents in uniform. it was a quite compelling speech about the call to duty and sacrifice. she herself was a remarkable woman. fdr white house was full of fun all the time. he was in a can guess all the time. he was entertaining spencer tracy and any actor, he loved hollywood. he had, premiered a lot of movies over his time in the white house, is he went out on the sequoia a lot as was mentioned and went fishing a lot. i imagine it was almost like a movie set. it was just a lot of fun going on, a lot of intellectual conversation, a lot of booze flowing but a lot of discussion. he would start mixing martinis at 5:00g and eleanor called then his five sees your he mixed them up for his guests and and to talk about new books are policies and the new deal on new deal initiatives. i i imagine had to be very, very intellectually stimulating to be i

after roosevelt left off office, this cartoon here talks about roosevelt on his last day in office and how he's packing up and going to go to safari in africa. clifford berryman wondered if he should keep the teddy bear. he's asking should i keep the bear now that roosevelt is not president or should i get rid of it. the teddy bear was very popular. thank you very much, berryman decided to stop using bear in his cartoons. >> berryman drew many cartoons related to national issues. the feirst cartoon, you can see the president, window drdrow wi all debating on how they're going to generate new revenue to taxes for the revenue plan. you can see the special interest groups here written, represented by fears and national income and playing cards and emotional pictures all pointing to a different interest groups because nobody really wants to have their own products taxed. this is one of my favorite cartoons. this is a cartoon from 1920. it is called "april 1st." in 1919, both houses of congress passed a proposed constitutional amendment extending the right to vote for women. this cartoon wa

after roosevelt left office, this cartoon here talks about roosevelt on his last day in office how he is packing up and going to go to safari in africa clifford berryman wondered whether he should keep the teddy bear. this cartoon is called to go or not to go? he's asking should i keep the bear now that roosevelt is not president or should i get rid of the teddy bear? the teddy bear was very popular with the star's readers. much to their delight, he decided to keep the teddy bear in his cartoons. >> he wrote about national issues, things that the nation was concerned about. in this first cartoon called "tax him" you can see the president woodrow wilson and the secretary of the treasury william mccuta in congress all debating how they'll generate new revenue through taxes. for the administration's war revenue plan. and you can see the special interest groups here represented by beer, national income, playing cards, the motion pictures all pointing to a different interest group because nobody really wants to have their own products taxed. this is one of my favorite cartoons. this is a c

this is a piece called hell-bent for election that was put out for franklin delano roosevelt in 1944. news were shown prior to before we had televisions in our homes later in the 1950's. minute little over 13 animated feature. roosevelt is depicted as the streamlined, fast train against the old, chugging locomotive. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> he's portrayed as the shiny, hasdeal who is modern and and sort ofrials implies a modern technical know-how as he surpasses the old slick,ngine in this modern train that is roosevelt. 1944, you've got full-color animation with some very good that weren't seen a lot at the time. when we had black-and-white televisions in our homes in the 1950's, they were black-and-white. that was full-color done in 1944. that's one of the things i find needy need about it -- about it -- neat about it. theng the vietnam war, images we were exposed to became a lot more violent. the news cycle itself was showing us things that we hadn't seen before. vietnamese executed in the streets. the horrors of war. that kind of thing. when you play to people's ands and you have police violence

relations with the soviet union was franklin roosevelt, and that franklin roosevelt did it in a very personalistic way. many things, nixon recognized himself, if eisenhower was his first model, roosevelt was his model. from the beginning nixon places emphasis upon doing what presidents in the cold war had not done before, seeking to meet with the soviets when there isn't an agreed upon agenda. the most extreme example is china. the only presidential trip i know of when there isn't an agenda when you get on the ground. he doesn't know if or when he's going to meet with mau. doesn't know what's going to happen. he doesn't go quite to that extent with the soviets. but there is a similar desire in what he thinks of rooseveltian terms to meet with the other side, to sit down, as he said, and talk things through man to man and that phrase turns up time and again, the perception that the elites are the effete, femme recognized individuals and these are the -- nixon meets with the soviet counterpart more times in his relatively short presidency than throughout the interdecade before. kennedy

theodore roosevelt to see the u.s. military operation up close. from zero to two hundred fifty kilometer in just two seconds it's rush on ball to the u.s.s. theodore roosevelt in the middle of the persian gulf there are apt to a hundred takeoffs and day off fighter jets reconnaissance planes transport aircraft and helicopters. lead to the altitudes smells like terrorists in this land this is where u.s. fighter jets take all for you in syria sometimes as often as every few minutes and to that at any time of the day the aircraft carrier is that the flagship of carrier strike group nine in addition to striking at the so-called islamic state it's tasked with securing maritime routes combating pirates and facilitating humanitarian aid almost three hundred pilots on bought our main drive is probably where home country defense for a country flying is flying a matter what the mission is. try to treat any different whether we're staying locally overhead the ship or going into iraq syria it's all the same basically i what exactly the fighter jets are target

theodore roosevelt was the united states navy's biggest aircraft carrier currently on station in the persian gulf its monitors are a powerful weapon in the battle against the so-called islamic state in syria. from zero to two hundred fifty kilometer spare hour in the just two seconds it's rush hour on both of the u.s.s. theodore roosevelt in the middle of the persian gulf they're up to a hundred takeoffs a day off fighter jets reconnaissance planes transport aircraft and helicopters as the aircraft carrier is the flagship of carrier strike group nine in addition to striking at the so-called islamic state it's tasked with securing maritime routes combating pirates and facilitating human you tell. eight almost three hundred pilots on bought our main drivers probably are home from true defense for a country flying as flying a matter of the mission is so try to treat any different whether we're staying locally overhead the ship or going into iraq syria it's all the same basically. what exactly the fighter jets are targeting is a military secret meeting today with the pilots of carrier ai

michael: puck like to roosevelt at the beginning, and decided roosevelt was too big for his britches. roseendorsed the man who -- man who ran against roosevelt. this is sort of shaking hands and making up. steve: puck's political hunting ground, how he made a game of the politician. michael: this is 1885, and this is right after the election of 1884. this is puck's idea of breaking. -- of bragging. you can see puck is standing, and he's holding the carcass, and the head of the carcass is james blaine, who ran against cleveland. it see the dog on the left, has a collar that says "satire." what he's trying to say is satire slayed the republican party. this is the first time in many years that the democrats had won an election. puck was proud of himself. steve: was joseph kepler viewed as revolutionary with these images? michael: in the united states, yes. however there were quite a few european magazines that had similar kinds of art. large lithographic cartoons. in the united states, kepler was revolutionary. in europe, not so much. steve: as you look at this today in the 21st century,

teddy roosevelt's case it was trust and teddy roosevelt and -- i believe trump understood something thatluded a lot of people was that, you know that, power has been interesting from the people and localities to big government and corporate america last 50 or 60 years. i think part of the frustration on the part of trump voters is that they feel the power is slipping away to big corporations into big governments and have less opportunity to determine their own destiny. trump understood this and tapped into it and that makes his election very, very important in the context of american history. >> host: letter from michael in fayette, alabama. good afternoon, michael. you are on book tv. >> caller: good afternoon. i want to thank the panel mentioning politeness versus today's harshness in political discourse and i want to beg of you of those at c-span who havem early morning washington journal episode or a book tv episode or anything about non- political rudeness and use of bathroom and a sex slaying to ordinary peopl- >> host: you have a question? >> caller: my question is this i love how

president roosevelt did not want to appease. roosevelt wanted to fight.thing that fdr needed was an appeaser as ambassador to great britain. >> i'll have nothing to say till i see the president. get it? >> joseph kennedy goes from being a legitimate power broker in the united states and a player in international politics to being a pariah. >> when he crashed and burned as ambassador to great britain, that not only cost him his job. it cost him his notion that he could become president. and almost from the moment that he realized that he couldn't do it, the aspiration was his kids would do it. >> joseph passes his ambitions on to joe jr. kathleen, known as kick, and jack. he calls them his golden trio. >> his eldest son, joe jr., was not only handsome, but also athletically gifted. he was the heir apparent. joe jr.'s father and mother believed that he would be the one to carry the standard for the family. >> his younger son, jack, is overshadowed by joe jr. in his father's mind, but i think having a bit lower expectation gave jack a chance to be himself. i

of thed been the speaker house and roosevelt made him vice president. o for eight years this guy who had been running the house had almost nothing to do. recall, the may famous comment, garner said about the vice presidency. wasn't worth after pitcher of warm spit. barkley were close. ensure barkley's plan garner ied out, he and talked about which senators to recognize. which they r in should be recognized on the floor to speak. arrangement reflected, as i said, the close relationship an barkley.er at the appointed time, however, one of the senators that barkley was slow to speak stand up and request recognition from vice president garner. when the senator failed to respond, up popped new york democratic senator robert wagner of new york who immediately offered anti-lynching that era washat in anathmata to democrats. chaos.the senate into barkley lost control of the agenda and was utterly humiliated the importance of this incident would soon be manifested leaving nothing to chance over chaos. barkley the next barkley worked out a new arrangement with vi

t teddy roosevelt squad creates to work on the department of justice. the fbi's own history, if you go on their website, they have a pretty long narrative description of their history. they link the creation of the fbi to a progressive movement. the progressive movement inspires things like the fda to ensure the food has labels and what you're eating is what you think. it will lead to things like child labor laws but it will also create this nation wide law enforcement body that's able to keep tabs on criminals tlouts the country that did not exist prior to this period and time. all of that accompanying urbanization at the turn of the century as well as national security concerns. the fbi makes its first efforts to infiltrate political organizations in 1909. by the mid 1910s they are investigating anti-militant groups. over the years the fbi will spy an a variety of organizations. the american council of churches, the american jewish congress. the nation wide labor federation, the afl-cio. the national association for the advancement of colored people.

thateople did not know was roosevelt also made a very quick decision that he wanted them executed. there is a lovely little book a , a guy atlouis fisher the national archives, who got into what were then top-secret records, and he found a memo to francis biddle in which fdr said hehout splitting hairs, could not see the difference between the spy and saboteur case and the case of a british spy who was hung by george washington. end,ke his point, at the , don't split hairs, mr. attorney general. he wanted these people hung. of roles a set developed, and one of those was an evidentiary rule. and what it said was the president of the tribunal must admit such evidence as is man.tive to a reasonable technical rules of evidence shall not apply. ruleswhat are technical of evidence? the fifth amendment. the fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine that if you obtain evidence by illegal means, you cannot admit it against the defendant, those sorts of things, so that is an important , technical rules of evidence shall not apply. let's move around the world moscow in 1943. .here was a conference

so fdr, president roosevelt gets a bill passed for $7 billion. that's the largest appropriation in american history at the time. right? and this appropriation is for the defense industry. for us to build all of the things that we need. right? we're going to become the arsenal of democracy. we're going to build jeeps, guns, bullets, tanks, boots, aircraft carriers, airplanes. right? all of the material needed to wage war. in 1940s, african-americans make up less than 2% in the nation's aircraft industry. again, african-americans are 10% of the population. only 2% of the aircraft industry. aviation firms are openly discriminating against african-americans. along with a host of other defense firms. one aviation firm says, look. blacks will only be considered for janitorial positions. regardless of your educational status. if you've got a bachelors degree in engineering, you can be a janitor. right? regardless of educational status. unions are also systematically excluding skilled blacks. again, we're a segregated society. and so the society reflects

roosevelt does not pass this one morning after having had a hearty breakfast, right? that's not how this works, right? he is pressured into doing it and that pressure also gives him the political cover to do this. look, if i don't pass this and if i don't act proactively on behalf of african-americans, then this public relations nightmare will befall the nation in the midst of war. this legislation, this thing has to happen, right? so again, the calculous of social change and the calculous of protest, randolph is bringing a new formulation to that. and we see all of this, and we see all of this being implemented and thought of in the 1960s and think of the phrase of the march on washington movement and this is 1941. is there another march on washington that we will recall? yes, martin luther king's "i have a dream" speech, that march organized by a. philip randolph, right? it makes sense for randolph to organize the '63 march because he had done the state work before, right? and so the march on washington movement, very important for us to understand in terms of how w

in teddy roosevelt's case, it was the trusts. in fdr's case it was anti-wall street, and in reagan's case it was against washington. i believe trump understood something that eluded a lot of people, was that, you know, power has been drifting from the the people and the localities to big government and corporate americaa over the last 50, 60 years. and i think part of the frustration on the part of trump voters is that they feel their power is slipping away to big corporations and to big governments, and they have less opportunity to determine their ownov destiny. and so this is -- and trump understood this, and he tapped into it. so that makes his election very, very important in the context of american history. >> host: let's hear from michael in fayette, alabama. good afternoon, michael, you're on booktv. >> caller: good afternoon. i want to thank the panel for mentioning, first of all, political politeness versus today's harshness in political discourse. and i want to beg those of you at c-span to have an early morningor "was

and of course roosevelt did in domestic policy. and there's no doubt that reagan did as the kind of counter-roosevelt. most presidents don't leave that kind of legacy. most prime ministers don't. since the second world war, churchill, thatcher, the rest not really. bill's legacy, what was the nature of that legacy? and the second question is, is that legacy a living legacy? is it still altering things, changing things, defining politics, making us think about things in different ways? so the first half of that question, i'm now going to turn to ed fullner. ed, you and i met each other in 1970, actually, at the society, and subsequently i worked for you in heritage. in those days at heritage we were absolutely delighted when national review noticed something we had done. it seems odd to think now that the heritage foundation was kind of desperate for attention. but we were. and i want to begin by asking you, someone who knew bill through all those years, what do you think bill's legacy is? and how does it -- how is the movement he c

on board the uss roosevelt, the strike group commander is unfazed.ers make a statement where they go and statement there is that we are a professional navy and we are here operating as we think everybody else should as well. and we will continue to do so. we will continue to oeprate in the maritime and the commons throughout the world, exactly right. but the geography of the south china sea is changing, literally. two years ago we filmed these huge new islands being built by china on three coral atolls. the latest photos show those islands are being turned into advanced military outposts. i asked the commander of the us fleet of how concerned he is. unfortunately i think we are left with a wait and see, without that clarity of what exactly is the intent of the establishment of such a significant military presence that can really influence the freedom of navigation throughout the south china sea. it will be a long time before china can challenge this sort of us naval might directly. but china's neighbours have seen its intent and they know beijing wil

eleanor roosevelt. this is a 13 minute animated feature and roosevelt is depicted as a new streamlined fast train against the old chugging locomotive. ♪ he is portrayed as the signee -- shiny new deal who is modern and andall of the materials implies modern, technical know-how as he surpasses the old steam engine in this sleek new modern train. what i find interesting, 1944, you have a full-color animation with some good effects. they weren't really seen a lot at this time. black and white televisions in our homes in the 50's, well, they were black and white. and this is full-color that was done in 1944. that's the one thing i found need about it. war, thee vietnam images that we were exposed to became a lot more violent. cycle, it was showing us things that we had not seen before. the horrors of war, and that kind of thing. fears andto people's you have police violence and writing in the streets, in your country, then it is easy to make that leap in people's minds. that this is happening here in your h

but eleanor roosevelt was there. she was very much the leader of the easter egg roll during that time. she's the first lady or president to speak live directly from the easter egg roll on the radio. and usually the weather was very good. there was one year where it was not so good, it was unnaturally very, very cold. and only about 5,000 kids showed up, which is really a tiny number for something like this. and she more or less just urged everybody to run around, jump up and down a lot, have fun and stay warm. >> while we're talking about presidents and war, tell me what happens during the bush administration when the iraq war was going on. >> yes. so the president and first lady had a great idea that in order to remind everyone that even on the happiest occasions we need to remember the sacrifices that our active duty military is making. they have all the easter eggs dyed yellow for the first iraq war. >> that's the yellow ribbon concept. >> exactly. support our troops. and then the second bush administration did so

the book broken takes a look at >>host: welcome i have the honor of serving as the director of the roosevelt house public policy institute and it is a pleasure to welcome you all on behalf of president of hunter college we are thrilled you have joined us and packed the house tonight. before we start i want to acknowledge two of our advisory board members here today. welcome. this is a very special evening i know we say that about all of the evenings but there is something electric in the air tonight because this event marks the launch of the book published last week our damaged democracy and in part i think and bill our board member is here. welcome. and because there is such urgency now, tragically, for the need to make government function again, doing the people's will and people's business as they did when our famous resident roosevelt ran things and indeed when our special guest johnson steer the ship of state. but the buzz is powerful tonight any time the home can welcome one of the 20th century's great public servantsltan along with the greatest broadcast journalist, we know we are abo

on board the uss roosevelt, the strike group commander is unfazed.here is that we're a professional navy and we're here operating as we think everybody else should as well. and we will continue to do so. and we will continue to operate in the maritime and the commons throughout the world, exactly right. but the geography of the south china sea is changing, literally. two years ago, we filmed these huge new islands being built by china on three coral atolls. the latest photos show those islands are being turned into advanced military outposts. i asked the commander of the us pacific fleet how concerned he is. unfortunately, i think we're left with a wait and see, without that clarity of what exactly is the intent of the establishment of such a significant military presence that can really influence the freedom of navigation throughout the south china sea. it will be a long time before china can challenge this sort of us naval might directly. but china's neighbours have seen its intent and they know beijing will never sail away across the pacific ocean

know is thatid not roosevelt also made a quick decision, he wanted them executed. there is a lovely little book by a guy who is an archivist that dug into top-secret records, then classified top-secret records. he couldsaid,, --, " not see any difference between this case and that case out of major john andre from the ." rican revolution to make his point, he wrote, , "do not split hairs mr. attorney general." he wanted these people hung. a set of rules were developed. one of those was an evidentiary rule. what it said was the president of the tribunal must admit -- may admit such evidence, technical roles of evidence shall not apply. what are technical roles of evidence? ,hings like the fifth amendment byt you obtain evidence illegal means, you cannot submit it against the defendant, those sort of things. technical roles of evidence shall not apply. let's move around the world a moscow in 1943. , bye was a conference held that time, the allies were aware of what the germans were doing. they were also more or less aware of what the japanese were doing, but not to t

roosevelt. but half of them were. and roosevelt was a good politician. with half of the businesses in his pocket, he knew he could count on the c.i.o., the socialists, and the communists to kind of work something out, and here was the deal. "i'm gonna get the money from the corporations and the rich. i'm gonna help you on a scale you've never seen before. and in return, you're gonna stop talking about getting rid of capitalism. you're gonna mute that part of your message. you're gonna celebrate me as the guy who gives the mass of people something they never got before." so, what did roosevelt do? three interesting things that i'll mention. one--he created the social security system. we never had that before. in the midst of a depression worse than today, when there's no money in the hands of the government--none is coming in; it's rereally hard; e can't do anything--the president goes on the radio and announces that every american over 65 years of age who's had a lififetime of work k is now ga get money from the g government for the rest of his or her li

franklin delano roosevelt was a drug runner yes sir franklin delano roosevelt never made much money in his life he had public service jobs that were very lowly paid but he had yachts see it summer homes he had mansions in new york city the kids went to private schools he inherited a fortune from warren delano his father who is the american opium king of china if you scratch anyone with the name forbes in their name john forbes kerry secretary of state john forbes kerry you'll find opium money his great grandfather was an opium dealer how big was opium money opium money built the first industrial city in the united states lol massachusetts it built the first five railroads in the united states opium money all over the east coast but it wasn't talked about it was called the china trade and if you go to various museums you can see teas and silks. exhibited and they keep quiet about all that big opium money. in the scramble to get opium money china was invaded and colonized by britain and the other imperial power as. far a nominee has grabbed hold sway or sort of china. this is the america

puck like roosevelt to begin with. but later -- published one week after rosemont won the election -- roosevelt won the election -- guest: -- you see the dog on the puck is trying to say is that satires laid the republican party. this is the first time in many years a democrat has one and election. host: was it viewed as revolutionary with these images? yest: in the united states, . however there were quite a few european magazines that had such cartoons. in the united states, keppler was revolutionary but in europe, not so much. cartoon without seeing a reference today. if you look through our book, you will see tons of cartoons that you could publish tomorrow and the readership of today would say -- i would recognize what is going on. --ey in politics write, throughout its history, puck has written a nation slid about the effect of money on government. campaigning against the political interference of millionaire businessman who attempted to manipulate the legislative agenda. guest: i know it is hard to believe but m

so the second cartoon i've brought out today is about fdr, franklin roosevelt. mr. block has not yet come to a point where he's embracing the democratic party yet. so what you're seeing is a car on that makes fun of roosevelt for being unable to add additional supreme court justices to therefore force congress to implement his plans to improve the economy. of course, we know that ultimately roosevelt prevailed and the new deal passed, but block is making fun of him for wasting time when he could have been passing legislation by trying to implement the court plan to add six more justices to the court. here we have both candidates for president in 1948, truman and dewey gesturing to a man who looks like a typical character that mr. block drew to show respectable southern gentlemen. he also represents congress. and block is upset about the changes in the immigration plans implemented in the united states in the aftermath of world war ii. mr. block was very much in favor of letting displaced people immigrate to the united states. so he is saying his disapproval of congr