amy: she was a roosevelt. blanche: she was a roosevelt. theodore roosevelt was her uncle, her father's brother, and whilst she was a woman of wealth, she came from a very troubled family. amy: so teddy roosevelt, the president of the united states, his brother died at the age of 34 of alcoholism. blanche: yes. and eleanor roosevelt's lifefe was really quite miserable until she went off to a wonderful school and had a great headmistress and teacher and mentor, marie sylvestre, i'm spelling it, because there is no biography of her. this was an incredibly wonderful school in which there was creativity. it was really for the essentially affluent children of the affluent french, german, american class. she was a mentor of the bloomsbury crowd. she's a fascinating woman, but she recognized, eleanor's brilliance, and eleanor's leadership, and eleanor's great abilities as a writer, and we don't give eleanor enough credit for the e fact that she was also primarily a writer. i mean, she wrote dozens of books plus a column every day after 1936. amy:

go to xfinity.com/moving to get started. >> bret: roosevelt, churchill and joseph stalin.. three countries. three different strategies for defeating nazi, germany. could they agree on a single objective? the fate of the world hung in the balance. >> stalin almost didn't care where it was. he wanted it in france. but more than anything he wanted the second front. >> he needed to take pressure off of his own country which had already suffered the loss of millions. >> we need to remember that the second world war up to this point is largely fought on the russian soil. 90% of the german battle are by the russians. stalin is desperate. despite russia survived and started this. >> the idea is that combined with the russian offensive on the earn front this is now going to put -- eastern front this is now going to put the squeeze on germany and destroy germany. >> bret: roosevelt and churchill already suggested allies may open a second front, potentially in france but were focused on a different strategy. >> clouded with the americans for the invasion of north africa. the western

franklin roosevelt was a man of vision and a practical man. and he understood mistakes woodrow wilson had paid in the context of legal nations. and he built united nations and he lived continue to build a pretty heavy have another ten years it would-be a very different world today. >> is the great memo in the book, it'll lunch with about ten or 12 people, bill clinton when he was president. any of presented that. >> much more than that. >> how the un could be a source. the piece. it >> president clinton, and a sense of liberal heartbeat. [laughter]. invited several people over. and we it's been three hours discussing liberalism in a modern day. but i've had enough experience with those so i wrote a ten page memorandum before the meeting. i lifted with the president we do get a chance to president please look at this. and i was about the un. what could be done. how can they do it differently. but he was sent to me, i sent him an repoll she was 79 percent or more of the americans what the un to be successful. they're prepared for our country to

especially roosevelt the creative things he locked against taft. one of the things i learned from the book is alone with that we hear or read about, but these presence are that you can't find them anywhere. so one of them was in 1912, which refuted the theater roosevelt said that taft had the raise of a guinea pig. his great memorable one. but nowhere to be found. >> so here you have theodore roosevelt. we find that. >> i think in a newspaper clipping. from may of 1912, and with taft and roosevelt making scream through ohio and newspapers will reporting on that. >> use a lot of quotes from richard nixon. the conversation with monica. i think that is would this was after the presidency so next was a little bit more unfiltered perhaps her lease is coming out it was getting window into some of his thinking on his mind. >> one of the more unusual relationships mr. party, is jamie carter and gerald ford. very bitter campaign in 19796 pretty. >> it was incredibly bitter. they hated one another. and yet would they both went to a funeral after the presiden

my book is about us immigration policy under president roosevelt. with the years leading up to the holocaust in the early years of world war ii. it is a very controversial subject there has been a lot of books attacking the president and others defending him. what i wanted to do was integrate the story of what was happening in washington the political struggle in those years over immigration and refugee policy. with a specific group of people that we could identify those trying to reach the united states from nazi germany whose lives were in danger and in order to survive they needed a piece of paper with a stamp whether you lived or died frequently depended if you could obtain this document. so i look at one single community in the southwest of germany, the jewish family village particularly after the horrifying violence against the jews in 1938 they all understand their only option is to get out of germany as quickly as possible. they all apply for american visa and they describe the challenges they face to get the visa some succeed and some don't

especially roosevelt was quite creative with the things he lobbed against taft. and wilson got into the fray and taft fought back as well. one of the things i learned from the book is there's a lot of quotes that we hear or read about that these presidents have said about one another but you can't find them anywhere. so one of them was in 1912 it's reputed that theodore roosevelt said that taft had the brains of a guinea pig. so it's a great memorable line, but it's nowhere to be found, at least that i could find. >> so here you have theater roosevelt talk about william howard taft is a fat head. where did you find that? >> where did i find that i think that was in a newspaper clipping from may of 1912, i want to say. and both taft and roosevelt were making swings through ohio, and newspapers were reporting on what they said. >> you use a lot of quotes from richard nixon in his conversations with monica. >> i think that is when his presidency and nixon was a little more unfiltered perhaps. or at least is coming out and we are getting a window into some of his thi

roosevelt answered with gruffness. every story thinking what was essentially more true in all stacks. unfortunately for the germans in europe, the planet came into effect was pretty much the morganthau plant in disguise. said take no 1067 steps towards the economic rebuilding of germany to strengthen the german economy. morganthau has some influence in toldng 1067 and subordinates i hope nobody recognizes this as the morganthau plan. 1067 did not order the german economy's destruction. that made little difference helping the reckon forces to rebuild germany. by 1947, the plight of the german was worse than it was at war's end. the average caloric intake of less than 1000 calories. the population was starving to death. the population was starving to death. general lucius clay, u.s. high commissioner, denounced jcs directive 1067 saying this thing was assembled the economic idiots. it makes no sense to forbid the skilled workers in europe from producing as much as they can on a continent that is short of everything. no o

chose one of its most intrepid agent, kermit roosevelt actually, the grandson of theodore roosevelt to sneak into iran in late july 1953 and begin organizing the coup. now what can he do? first of all, he began bribing newspaper editors and columnists and reporters to write all sorts of defamatory lies about mosadek in the newspaper. secondly, he began bribing members of parliament, and leaders of political parties that were part of mosadek's coalition so they would quit the coalition or begin to denounce mosadek. he began bribing mule whats so that a tri -- at friday prayers in the mosque, people would hear denunciation of mosadek as being against the islamic faith. he also threw the military attache and began bribing mid-ranking military officer, so they would be ready with their units to join the coup when the moment came. one of the most brilliant ideas that he had was to sew upheaval on the streets of tehran. he got into the mobs are us business. he was able to recruit several street gang leaders including the most famous and flamboyant one in tehran, shaban the brainless who ran

to the jews, he was dismissed really by roosevelt. he went to talk to frankfurter, the chief justice. he had been in the warsaw ghetto and said, this is extermination, mass murder. frankfurter said, you are a young man. it is not that i say you are lying, it is just that i do not believe you. there was this whole question about whether or not it was really understood what was happening. the answer was, if we win the war, this will all stop. they did not understand the urgency, particularly in the case of the hungarian jews being brought to birkenau. the number of survivors i have spoken to over the years have said, almost to a man or woman, that they would have preferred bombing, trying to bomb the crematorium or the tracks or whatever, even if they had been killed in the bombing rate, -- raid, first of all, because it might have stopped the crematorium and gas chambers from working, possibly, and secondly, that it would have sent a message to the nazis that this place was on the radar and we would not let it be forgotten about. it is

in another, roosevelt dies.en japanese internment comes along, there is a lot of enthusiasm for the fbi to manage japanese internment, and hoover pushes back against that. the department of justice and fbi both opposed the policy of japanese internment, so what happens in large part through other channels. at the moment that roosevelt dies, he was actually considering taking up hoover's idea that when the war came to an end, it ought to be the fbi in charge of global surveillance, sort of making the fbi into a proto-cia. so in the 1930's, the point to take away is that the fbi is not operating on its own. it is operating in conversation with congress, in conversation with the presidency, and in many ways is being empowered by the president's own agenda. hoover is certainly pushing some of this, but he's not the engine of his own empowerment, in many ways. in closing, i want to jump quickly to the 1960's, and offer a few last thoughts. if roosevelt is really the president responsible for creating the fbi in many

roosevelt was different. roosevelt never made protÉges of young congressmen.but i started to realize there was one exception to this. lyndon johnson often he would say come have breakfast with me he would still be in bed and johnson would have breakfast with him. and i said what made this different for franklin roosevelt? he said he was a political genius almost nobody understood what he was talking about. johnson understood it off from the first minute and roosevelt saw that. it was two geniuses and roosevelt once said, if i had gone to southwestern state texas college i might have turned out like that to. >> when you were doing interviews how do you decide what to believe what they are shading or not? >> i never believe anything that's just told to me once. youu interview people over and over again. i think i have 22 interviews with one of johnson's aids. several hundred pages of typed notes. then you go to the other people who are involved in the story and you ask them the same questions. then you go back to the first person and you said so-and-so said this

bankers triied to overthrow roosevelt, big business and big railers against him. there were millions of people in the streets demanding that roosevelt do more because it was helping them and because of that, it succeeded. the same interests that hated the new deal are the ones telling us today that the green new deal is bad that government should not be so involved in economic and social regulation and they convince a lot of people of this. big government is evil they say but it is not the size of the government that matters. it is who the government is working for. and for too long, it has been a government controlled corporation, those fossil fuel industries. this is why it has not been working for working people. and powerful forces are against the efforts to change this. just like back in the 1930s. already there is a branch of new laws supporting and happening across the country that's criminalize protests aimed at fossil fuel and infrastructure. these laws are called critical infrastructure laws. since they reclassified fossil fuel and infrastructure as crit

roosevelt was different. roosevelt never made protcgcs of young congressmen. he just had a role. he didn't help. i started to realize there was one exception to this. it was lyndon johnson. johnson would have breakfast with him. i said to a man named james rowe who was a friend of johnson. i said what made this different for franklin roosevelt he said, roosevelt was a political genius. almost no one understood what he was talking about. lyndon johnson understood at all from the first minute and roosevelt saw that. it was just two geniuses. and roosevelt once said to dickies, he said if i had gone to west texas, i might have turned out like that too. yes sir. >> when you're doing interviews, people are aware they're talking about history and they care how they look. how do you decide what to believe? >> i never believe anything that shows told to me in an interview once. you interview people over and over again. i think i had 22 interviews. several hundred pages of typed notes. then you go to other people involved in the story. and you ask them the same questions. then you go back

before president roosevelt and the new deal we didn't have mortgages like we have now. we had 5 year balloon payments -- >> the homeowners rate really low. most people didn't ask to buy a house. >> this is where the american dream comes from, omaha, nebraska is 20%. but there were people who work for the government to drew lines on maps in shaded neighborhoods and said don't make loans here and that persisted until the 1960s in the civil rights movement. when the support corporation helps millions of americans stay in their homes and refinance one of every 5 mortgages in urban america and the g.i. bill helps 4 million returning veterans after world war ii, that was all by people. so for the butler family who i wrote about about this home in south la, for them to overcome all of that plus the structural discrimination, and finally by this house in 1963 that was an incredible accomplishment. this is a story, we had this predatory lending that was endemic during the bubble. these reverse mortgages offered by companies like indy would give you a relatively small amount of m

because she said eventually eleanor roosevelt intervened and they were able to have their band. she used the gi bill to get her ph.d.. she taught at howard, she was a senior fellow at howard. as well as various schools here on the east coast. she's the author of four books. just an extraordinary woman, and i can see her. she's passed away now, but i can see her after we had dedicated and had programs here, walking up from the metro. i would say, dr. putney, let me come get you. no, i can walk she said. walking up to be part of the ceremony at the women's memorial. >> i know i made a contribution to the women's army corps, but both in the short run and the long run i also realized that i learned a lot. it was a tremendous learning experience in the army. if they profited from my service, i really profited from having served. >> family members can register a family member or friends online, at womensmemorial.org. click on register. doesn't cost you anything, but we're always very happy for donations. or we have forms that can be sent or downloaded for people to register. the regis

how did her advice given to you in high school to be like eleanor roosevelt carry you forward as youe lessons? >> with the advice be independent it would be very nice if you met prince charming and live happily ever after. but it may not turn out that way. but it did. [laughter] but she said always be prepared to be left standing and independent. and this was at a time when most wives were considered dependent if a man his wife affected adversely the man there was lying about be nice tot jane. she was ruggedly invited for play dates on the weekends as a classmate. there was an enormous change from the birth of my daughter from the birth of my son ten years later in the fifties. he was born 1955 there are very few workingng moms. ten years later, my son is born. it is not at all unusual to have a two breadwinner family. it was a sea change in the way people were living in that ten year span. >> some of that change took place after you went to law school and cared for jane and the third song the advice is so powerful if you really want to go to law school then stop feeling sorry for yo

for every theodore roosevelt we need millions and millions that were willing to write the letter. it helps and makes a difference and why we have these places. and i wish i could tell you to buy the book and have it all figured out. >> if we all do it it changes the world. >>. >> i am a big fan and those guests are very impressive but i've always wondered you two are a great pair so how did you hook up with dan johnson? >> yes i have a podcast and the question was about my cohost character i knew i wanted to start a podcast in 2013 i just quit my job at google to go full-time to be an outdoor writer regarding realize now i have all this free time i better do something so the podcast was the natural next step. i am like the straightlaced normal bookish kind of guy. i realized i needed a being to my yang so i knew i needed somebody like that and i met a guy like that a few years before learning to film the outdoor films to have a huge personality with only nine fingers which made him stand out. so talk about developing a podcast he seemed a good balance of my over intellectual natur

roosevelt mrs. hill didn't mean what you think.ughter] one thing i mentioned before, they were fifth avenue stores but after the diplomats arrived they turned into kind of a general store because if you wanted to buy it they were able to buy mail orders and most of the time it was the stores themselves and they have a lot of money to spend because they were still getting paid. they came to the greenbrier in 1941, 1942 with a briefcase that killed $35,000 that's about $550,000 today. the first western every morning at breakfast is what is new in the shops. so that is what people were going to spend their money. i will keep going if you don't mind. the title is a point of semantics but it was very important. they told the people they wouldn't be subject to any form of internment. quickly that came back to bite america because we realized we do want to but they came up with the word the payment. i saw at one time an it was putn quotation marks. for the public consumption, it was the detainment and they never married from the nomenclat

but right now the clean fuel generated in roosevelt doesn't stay in washington. it goes to california instead of to our drivers because california has a clean fuel standard. we need to tackle this challenge with the same gusto and belief and inevitable success that has powered our previous triumphs. it can be done. let's do right by those who have the honor to call themselves washingtonians in the coming decades, because we know this, washington state is not a state of climate denial, it is a state of climate acceptance. for those who say ... for those who say that we should not take action, i say that climate inaction is just as deadly as climate denial. this is the year for climate action. it's time to pass a washington law for washington jobs, for washington drivers and washington children, and let's bring this success home this year. we deserve it. now, these are not our only tasks this year. we need to make sure more of our children get early learning opportunities, that we address diversity and equity, especially in the workplace, that we pass common sense

roosevelt and his aides responded with persistent experimentation. above all the president insisted try something. it is in that spirit that we are here today. to assist the critical problems and priorities, a new progressive administration a year ago. many daunting challenges are clearly visible already and will be discussed in the breakout sessions and will be unpleasant surprises. most of us share the sensor system is badly frayed. with renewed commitment. we can't ask kerry hopkins with their secret was in 1933 but we have the next best thing. with our moderator, with the discussion, in frugal to the last time a progressive president took office. in 2900 financial crisis and two wars, with his could call first hundred days the balancing act that will confront the next president. the cofounder and former ceo of the center for new american security. she was under secretary of defense for policy from 200922012 and helps go lead president obama's transition team. dennis mcdonagh, senior principal of the markle foundation after a decade on capitol hil

washington went there as did teddy roosevelt for one summer but in order to get certified to teach you had to spend three summers and that's what my grandfather did in order to be certified he is the first male african-american certified to teach physical education in the united states. actually he was encouraged to do that by another woman and anita turner who is also certified teacher of physical education in the dc public schools. so part of the curriculum in 19 oh four was the game of basketball so learning the fundamentals of basketball ther there, ironically that same year also basketball was an exhibition sport as the olympics. so we - - he brought basketball back to washington dc to teach it in the public schools to create teams to play against each other and what he also realized is there were no african-americans that were trained to referee. so he helped to start the eastern board of officials so the games were official and then in 19 oh six he started the interscholastic at that on - - athletic association the first african-american athletic league in the united states. som

obviously, abraham lincoln spoke , andy about nancy hangs sarah roosevelt was domineering of franklin roosevelt, but he lived with her his whole life basically, even when he was president and went home to sunnyside in hyde park. reagan -- ronald reagan, i have written four books about ronald reagan, had a very devoted relationship with his mother. so much so, that when he was of age, he and his brother, neil, were given the choice of following their father's religion of roman catholic or mother's religion of christ. and neilose christ chose roman catholic. he always said nothing but very warm things. he gave her a job in hollywood in the 1940's, answering his fan mail for him. bought her and her husband house , so i think most presidents -- indicatork this is an of leadership -- most presidents have had good, maybe sometimes tumultuous, but very strong relationships with their mother. maybe even more so because we know abraham lincoln despised his father but love his mother -- loved his mother. theirhello mother raises son is just as important if not more important than how father rai

day pastor buying pizza for the homeless pretty the house is good dozens of people live here in roosevelt park off east santa clara street, each of them grateful for the surprise visit is to get the warm meal playing the rams training superhero uh minus you know anything to go help know feed the homeless in the plot. >>you know that's a blessing us does not amend strange a superhero pastor wagers does this multiple times a week is serving those a main road san jose says party one of the encampments in the city one that is organize people here say they treat each other like taken public laws. >>we may see thank you thank you both so much to so that but the scot. >>buses can run too so thank you very much happening simple act of kindness on the first day of the new year. >>pastor dewayne his other people join in on feeding the new we do little things like today, but ultimately do what you can, but but think about the big picture we need to solve this homeless crisis me to get people. >>wonderland into tiny homes into buildings. >>and this is just one of many homeless encampments in this cit

he died 62 years later as democratic president franklin d roosevelt presided over and administration changed the relationship between federal policy and the american economy. ended as he was between the promise of reconstruction and the limitations of new deal liberalism, william munro trotter's life represents the possibilities of black politics rooted in antebellum militant abolitionism. trotter's life reconceptualize his black radicalism as a vision that thrived in and existed in the urban predominately white northeast as well as the unforgivably black rural south. like all race men and women of his generation, monroe trotter's politics were nurtured by his parents experience of enslavement and claws i freedom in the decades prior to the civil war. his father was born in slaved in mississippi, escaped to a file and climbed the ranks of the 55th massachusetts regiment to become one of five black men commissioned a lieutenant in the union army. his mother who you see here was born free in charlottesville virginia, the son of three enslaved people of color with ties to thomas jeffers

communities questioned blind loyalty to the, quote, party of lincoln, although president theodore roosevelt earned black accolades and white southern violence, trotter point it out the gm had done little for, quote, the colored people, sense the collapse of radical reconstruction over 20 years before. rather than ends for this 14th o the constitution which established equal protection under law and prevented denial on the basis of, quote, race, color, and previous condition of servitude, roosevelt and mckinley and arthur focused on building lily white republican fourth in the south. he the result was a republican party that bore little resemblance to the consent of the ged and the radicalism of senators charles sumner and thaddeus stevens. the only way to prevent cases like rogers from happening again, trotter concluded, was for northern black voters to recognize the power to swing local elects away from the party or candidate who betrayed black demand. that's guardian told leaders are rogers kidnapping kidnapping ths a right to expect the national government in the hands of the republican

that started when john was vice president of roosevelt, decided the following. majority leader would have prior recognition, the first want to be recognized. then they would have second recognition. the prior recognition is what became the agenda, the only real power the majority had. then it was a free-for-all. getting the outcome you want is frequently extremely challenging. but at least you can decide what direction you are going to take before you have the big debate over what you're going to get. >> berkeley had been majority and minority over his tenure. how would you characterize the difference between majority leader, minority leader and what were the different roles, different about these to influence things in both positions? >> if you're a football fan, there is a difference between offense and defense. easier to score when you're on offense. you get to call the place. if you're on defense, it's much harder to score and you are in reactive mode. what are we going to support and oppose? contrary to what a lot of you may think, there are plenty of thing

how did her advice given to you in high school to be independent and be like eleanor roosevel roosevelt to be independent but to be married and then live happily ever after, it didn't work that way but she said always be prepared. >> but there was a way so it would be an enormous shame and in 1855. >> and some of that change took place after you went to law school and the third song is so powerful if you really want to go to law school you'll stop feeling sorry for yourself otherwise find to do a way that you want to do you are so focused and your determination is awe-inspiring. >> did she help you to culminate that? >> i learned that from a very good friend. and looking at advice that if you really do want to become a lawyer then you will find a way. so then i was thinking do i really want this? >> the first thing i did. [laughter] and the process to control it. >>. >> and you are so astonishing early on. and the need to resurrect them. with the art bg exhibit there are editorials from the cornell newspaper. do you feel after that? >> you seem to be fully formed and able to overcome yo

. >> let me ask you about the son and teddy roosevelt jr. and the invasion. >> incredibly 56 years old, the oldest general officer on d-day. he begged to go in with the fourth division in the first wave on utah. actually he did arrive in the first wave on utah beach 6:28 was the time of the first americans to shore. the captain schroeder and he remembered looking over to his right and seeing this 56-year-old guy who had arthritis with a walking stick hopping and puffing away in the first wave on d-day. an extraordinary guy. i think he had a sort of father-son complex. he wanted to prove he was as courageous as his famous father and that day he did. he became one of four americans to receive the medal of hon for for actions on june 6, 1944. extraordinary courage and leader on d-day at utah. >> correct me if i'm bron. that is tedly roosevelt jr. and his son in the invasion as well, >> yes. amazingly, the father is on utah, the son wit the big red one on omaha. the father died on the 12 of july, 1944 from heart failure. i think the combat the s

roosevelt have the american people known such deep sorrow. next day, mrs. and her brothers in law lead the procession of walking mourners including the heads of state who have come from far away for this final homage. all follow the late president's casket and walking from the white house to st. matthew's cathedral. at the cathedral, richard cardinal cushing of boston will celebrate for mr. kennedy the requiem mass of the catholic faith. ♪ the notable figures here include the queen of greece and the emperor of ethiopia and the prime minister of great britain and the chancellor of germany and many others. among them is anastasia and the great premiere. then the departure for journey to arlington national cemetery. little john jr. who is 3 years old this day responds to a whispered request from his mother. as the cortege crosses the bridge over the potomac river, there is a distant view of the memorial building dedicated to another martyr president, abraham lincoln. now, the last good-bye to john f. kennedy. the flag that covered the casket is folded and it i

look at roosevelt versus uber in 1932 or reagan and carter in 1980. johnson inherited the vietnam commitment from kennedy. there were roughly 16,000 u.s. advisors in south vietnam and the situation was crumbling. the man who succeeded the south vietnamese leader, he was utterly incompetent. he was no administrator. he lasted a few weeks in office and was succeeded by someone who was slightly more competent but also corrupt and from to passing on misleading reports to his american benefactors. that is one thing johnson has inherited. johnson also inherited the kennedy teams. they were the best and the brightest. it is customary for a new president to choose his own cabinet but johnson believed and thatsome justification, his transition into office would be easy. he believed the national trauma might be less acute if he kept kennedy's cabinet. dean rusk remained, secretary of state. mostrge bundy, and important robert mcnamara. as we know from the testimony of many people at the time, johnson of thesesolute awe men. he felt insecure in foreign affairs,

obviously abraham lincoln spoke very kindly about nancy hanks and sarah roosevelt was very domineering of franklin roosevelt but he obviously lived with her basically his whole life even when he was president and went home in hyde park. reagan, i've written four books, had a very, very devoted relationship with his mother so much so that when he was of age, he and his brother neil were given the choice of following their father's religion, rom yap catholic or the mother, disciples cries and reagan win into the dedisciples os closs and neil win to the roman catholic. so he said nothing but very, very warm things. gave her a job in hollywood in the 1940s, answering his fan mail for him. bought hear house, bought her and her house a house. he his father a house. so i think most presidents -- again i think this is an indicator of leadership -- most presidents had very, very good, maybe sometimes tumultuous battling but strong relationship if with mother, abraham lincoln despited his father but loved his mother. maybe how a mother raises a son is just as important if not more important than

playednt roosevelt had many sides to that game. one of his problems was he was too deeply involved with the the trueo understand nature of the war in china. i am not defending the war with china. however, there were lots of things he might have done to bring the war to an end rather than promising things he could not deliver. the summer of 1941, we were sending the flying tigers and a former group. the bomber group was on its way to the philippines that's why .hey were destroyed by then, they were being thought that the japanese might attack us and then we would need the ban -- commerce so they might not have gone. that was a plan. the documents were found a couple of years ago to prove that it had been signed off on. aid to openly sending the chinese beyond military forces. there was a bit of constraint on the japanese side as well but they also recognized the danger of a war with japan -- with china. >> thank you. you just took care of one of my points which was to ask u.s. aid to china. two other things. japan's population in --

washington went there as a did teddy roosevelt for one summer, but in order to get certified to teach you had to spend three summers and that's what my grandfather did in order to be certified and he was the first male african-american to be certified to teach physical education in that united states. he was actually encouraged her to do that by a woman, and need at turner who was also a certified teacher of physical education in the dc public schools. when eb henderson went to harvard, part of the curriculum in 1904, was the game of basketball and so he learned the fundamentals of basketball there ironically, that's a mere also basketball was in exhibition sport at the st. louis olympics. that was in 1904. he brought basketball back to washington dc and started teaching it in the public schools. creating teams that played against each other and what he also realized was that there were no african-americans that were trained to referee, so he helped to two starts the eastern board of officials so that the games would be official. in 1906, he started that interscholastic athletic assoc

this was in typical theodore roosevelt direct bravado style.retary shaw, i think our coinage is artistically of atrocious hideousness.

president roosevelt satisfy the arctic reserve. nixon established environment protection agency, the migratory bird act and it was ronald reagan who went to montrÉal and worked in antarctica. the word is conserved. republican or democrat, doesn't want their family to drink clean water, breve clean air. it is important as we try to develop cities where everyone can flourish. and leave the earth a better place than we found it. rob: what did you think of the announcement from davos the president will engage in the 1 trillion trees act, his way of fighting carbon emissions. >> it is a good thing, trees are great, they do absorb carbon. it is a start. that is a good initiative. rob: let's talk infrastructure. pete buttigieg and michael bloomberg attending this mayoral conference and they are putting out big plans, almost $1 trillion to spend on infrastructure. the president hasn't got infrastructure yet. as your town spent a lot of money on infrastructure. you guys have a lot of money for conservative town into streets and roundabouts.