roosevelt and her family. harry s.ited states, distinguished senator from the state of missouri for 10 years and vice president since the last national election, mr. truman brings to his new high office an understanding of the gigantic american war effort, second only to that of the late president roosevelt. climaxing a long record of senatorial leader, as chief of the truman committee on war production his work was a vital factor in the war effort. ♪[music]♪ >> at last summer's democratic national convention, harry truman was chosen as vice president for president roosevelt. the selective service act and the repeal of the neutrality act. in 1935, he voted for the world court and he had consistently given support to the progressive social program of the roosevelt administration. ♪[music]♪ >> returning to washington with mr. roosevelt, harry truman was now the vice president elect. in his first speech after his inauguration, vice president truman said, in this shrinking world, no nation can live safely alone. peace-lovi

instead, roosevelt lied on a valet. roosevelt had two valets during his 12 years in the white house. i thought, wouldn't it be great if i could find some commentary from those valleys about what roosevelt was like those private moments would valet? i was able to find that commentary. i learned most private moments with his ballet, he almost always displayed a sweet amiable disposition. roosevelt's ballet in december 1941 was arthur, big black man who was a chief petty officer in the united states navy. he was also a very good looking guy. although he was married, roosevelt liked to tease him about being a ladies man. every time roosevelt would tease him, he would respond, one does not refute the chief executive. i wanted to provide that same intimacy talking about joseph group. to do that, i talked to him many members of his family. his grand children, his cousin, great-grandchildren, they told me many stories that were very useful. one story stood out because it displayed demonic skills and his stature. it was january

as president roosevelt's second in command, these words expressed the american program. ]úfranklin rooseveltborn to wealth, and harry truman, one-time farm boy, were firmly united on that and every other major world aim. as the nation is plunged into mourning by president roosevelt's death, harry s. truman becomes president, the seventh american vice president to assume the office under similar circumstances. president truman takes over his duties. he announces that the san francisco conference will go ahead as scheduled and immediately receives the nation's military leaders. war secretary stimson, army chief of staff marshall, and lead admiral king. james f. burns, high roosevelt aide who took part in the crimea conference, secretary of state stettinius, eaton, and ambassador halifax also visit the president. arriving to address a joint session of the congress, president truman receives thunderous applause. he pledges to carry forward the work of franklin roosevelt. >> with great humility, i call upon all americans to help me keep our nation united in defense of those ideals which have been

roosevelt, harry truman was the vice president elect.first speech after his inauguration, vice president truman said, "in this shrinking world, no nation can live safely alone." peace loving nations must ban together for the president ensahratian of hume preservation of human progress. the words express the american program. franklin roosevelt born to wealth and harry truman one time farm boy were firmly united on that and every other major world aim. ♪ as the nation plunged into mourning by president roosevelt's death, harry s. truman becomes president. the seventh american vice president to assume the office under similar circumstances. president truman takes over his duties. he announces the san francisco conference will go ahead as scheduled and immediately receives the nation's military leaders. war secretary simpson, army chief of staff marshal, and fleet admiral cane. ♪ james f. burns, high roosevelt aide, secretary of states, british foreign secretary eden and ambassador halifax also join the president. president truman receives

roosevelt realized a larger war was at hand.le his sympathies lay with the country is being overrun by the axis powers, america's isolationist mood limited his freedom to respond. the neutrality act limited the sale of american weapons to warring nations. there was little he could do. >> i have asked this congress for authority and for funds sufficient to manufacture additional munitions and war supplies of many kinds to be turned over to those nations which are now in actual war with aggressor nations. our most useful and immediate role is to act as an arsenal for them as well as for ourselves. we shall send in ever-increasing numbers, ships, planes, tanks, guns. that is our purpose and our pledge. narrator: on december 7, 1941, debate over american involvement in world war ii ended abruptly, when japan staged a surprise attack on pearl harbor, hawaii. >> interrupt this broadcast to bring you an important message from the united press! >> the japanese have attacked pearl harbor, hawaii by air, president roosevelt has just annou

roosevelt, harry truman was nouz the vice president elect.ch after his inauguration, he said peace loving nations must band together for the preservation of human progress. this expressed the american program. roosevelt born to wealth and harry truman one-time farm boy were firmly united on that and every other world aid. as the nation is plunged into mourning by president roosevelt's death, harry s. truman becomes president, the seventh vice president to assume the office under similar circumstances and president truman announces that the san francisco conference will go ahead as scheduled. and immediately received the nation's military leaders. war secretary stinson, army chief of staff marshall and admiral king. james f. burns high roosevelt aide who took part in the crimea conference, secretary of state, british foreign secretary aidan and ambassador halifax also visit the president. arriving to the joint session of the congress, truman pledges to carry forward the work of roosevelt. >> with great humility i call upon all americans to hel

roosevelt wanted to meet with the prime minister because president roosevelt had great confidence in his ability to deal with other people. he met with a lot of foreign leaders during world war ii. in terms, what hall did wrong, grew felt hall was very inflexible and not receptive to suggestions that grew thought might lead to avoidance of war. >> did groove feel the japanese would ever withdraw from china? and if not, what would be the basis of a peace treaty? >> did he think japan would withdraw from china? he thought -- interesting you bring that up, that is good point. grew was sailing back from japan in august of 1942 and he had this report that i described a moment ago that he wanted to give to president roosevelt and cordell hall, while he was on the ship coming back to america, grew wrote a very long letter to president roosevelt, this was a dear frank letter, they went to school together so grew and roosevelt knew each other very well. grew drafted a dear frank letter on the ship to explain that he was attaching a copy of this report and in that letter grew explained to the

roosevelt was in attendance. describe that same. stephen: it is remarkable. mark twain was really feisty. i now see him as a very serious thinker on great global political issues, not just a gentle humorist. he did give a speech in which he addressed theodore roosevelt directly, in which winston churchill was present, and he admonished winston churchill. he said thank you for pointing out that the united states and britain are brothers. i would admit that what we are doing in the philippines is like what you are doing in south africa, so we are kin in sin. he later published some pieces, one which reads like an obituary for the united states at the congress does decide to go ahead on this imperial path. i think you could write this today. it was impossible to save the great republic. she was rotten to the heart. lust of conquest had long ago done her in full. the government was in the hands of the rich and their hangers on. they used the machine as they chose. there was no principle but commercialism, no patrioti

take president roosevelt, he is a central figure in this drama when you see roosevelt standing on the well of the united states house of representatives on december 8, 1941, saying that december 7, 1941 is a date that will live in infamy, he looks so strong, sounds so vibrant, but as we discussed, here is a manhood been stricken by polio and could not walk. i was thinking about it when i was writing the book. you and i, we get up in the morning, we go to the bathroom we do our business we come back we get dressed, we go about our day. roosevelt could not do all of that without assistance. and that assistance was not going to be provided by his wife eleanor. she had her own bedroom down the hall the white house, and more than that she was almost always traveling. instead, roosevelt relied on a ballet. roosevelt had two valets during his 12 years in the white house. and i thought, wouldn't it be great if i could find some commentary from those valets about what roosevelt was like in those private moments with his belly. when i was able to find that commentary. i learned that in those pr

president roosevelt: -- prophetic. president roosevelt: i am prepared under my constitutional duty to deliver what a stricken world may require. these measures or such other measures as the congress may build out of this experience and wisdom, i shall seek within my constitutional authority to bring to speed it up. but in the event congress should fail to take one of these two clauses, in the event the national emergency is still critical, i shall not invade the clear force of duty that will then confront me. i shall ask the congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis -- broad, executive power to wage a war against the emergency as great as the power that would be given to me, if we were invaded by foreign foes. [applause] >> fdr's first term was marked >> by world unrest. its lowest ebb. america new flood, famine, drought and the dust bowl. fdr brought farm relief and flood control, water power and giant public works. social security was born, old age insurance became a new responsibility of governmen

the letter comes to roosevelt. roosevelt gives the letter to the state department to draft a reply, and they -- grew finally gets a reply from roosevelt that's drafted by the state department on october 30, 1941. well, by then the horse had left the barn and by then the prime minister who wanted to have this agreement had been forced to resign because he could not arrange this meeting. so, but grew recognized that, but felt that there was only so many letters he could write and i guess the question is, should he have come back from japan? travel wasn't easy in those days, but anyhow, that's a good question. you have one more question? >> yeah, just one more. >> don't sell yourself short. >> yeah, well, depends on your answer. >> okay. >> now, you mentioned that bed a grew is this-- was like the dean of the diplomatic corps. >> yes, by that i mean he was a senior diplomate. >> now, there was the existence sat of something called an aabd alliance in the southwest pacific, stands for australia, america, britain, and t

hopkins went to see churchill before roosevelt met him; went to see stalin before roosevelt met him; was really unprecedented in terms... i mean, he makes kissinger look like a mild-mannered guy in terms of the kind of power that hopkins had. and he was incredibly loyal to roosevelt. >> how long did he live on the second floor of the white house? >> ms. goodwin: he was there from 1940 to 1942--end of'42, when he got married, and roosevelt was sad when he... eventually stayed there for about six months, with his new wife, but then she finally wanted a house of her own. >> here's another bedroom. it's called the "rose room, " and you show that mr. churchill, sara, who is? >> ms. goodwin: roosevelt's mother, the indomitable mother. >> and martha. >> ms. goodwin: right. well, that's a pretty interesting room, that room. first, whenever the mother came, she wanted the best bedroom suite, and that was this room, the rose suite. she would come to visit, and maybe once a month, with her maids and her servants, and always being a duchess, in a certain sense, in the white house. and then, also

roosevelt never gave up hope in his battle against infantile paralysis. in the healing waters of the white house pools, swimming was his one relaxation, his only exercise. how he organized the great warm springs foundations for the nation's polio victims will forever stand as a living monument to his name. each year on his birthday, all over the land, little children sing his praise. (music) happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you, happy birthday dear president, happy birthday to you (music) this study of the president is one of the rare personal portraits and a crowded life. for no man in our time or a time perhaps has been called on to make the momentous decisions that have been his. >> his one goal, his greatest ambition was to lead the nations of the world into a lasting peace. royalty from many nations, the king and queen of england have been guests in his home. with the world's most powerful rulers, he commanded supreme respect. with a keen grasp of international affairs, he foresaw the many years that would trend the world march. in 1936, he g

midnight, roosevelt starts win, whispered, and he brings the phone, and he says, oh, many roosevelt wins the game. total manipulation so angry he resigned until roosevelt charmed him back into it. camaraderie at the time. they could play poker together as well as work together > i remember somebody else resigning at one point and fdr him a letter, and he writes back. i don't know if i can find it. fluttery all over. did he talk that way? >> amazing. --icy's resigned several times. he would get upset about policy issues and resign. him a very ote gracious letter saying you can't resign. i need you. me.'re so important to you're absolutely right. back he said i got fluttery all over. i couldn't believe it. t showed an awe that they felt for this man that was still their president. letter,icy your gratefully said makes me feel all fluttered. to have you write about me as is like an accolade to ? spirit. >> i worked in terms of and the wonderful thing that's in hyde park, new feel is that it made you like you were going in time. the place, the house where roosevelt was born, the place eleano

r roosevelt always liked his women tall. and eleanor somehow understood that he needed that kind of companionship. she would visit on weekends and keep him company in the movies and dinners at night often again when eleanor was away. and this is her suite. but when churchill came, no one else stayed in the suite. churchill was an incredible character during this period of time. he would come and stay for like three or four weeks at a time. his habits were so exhausting that nobody else could sleep during the period of time he was there. he would awake in the morning and have wine for breakfast, scotch and soda at lunch, brandy at night, smoking cigars until 2:00 a.m. when he would finally leave after income this suite for three or four weeks, the entire white house staff would have to sleep for 72 hours in order to recuperate from churchill's visits. >> you mentioned that the relationship between the princess martha of norway and fdr was romantic. >> some of the people living in the white house at that time suggested that sh

>> roosevelt wins. narrator: the nation was jubilant.it again and his family received the well wishes of their neighbors. ♪ again the president addressed the nation. in the presence of cabinet members, diplomats and leaders of nations south of the border, fdr asked for broader powers than had ever been given to any american president. president roosevelt: the fundamental fact is that what started as a european war, as s always intended it would develop, has developed into a war of world denomination. conscious of my sponsor abilities to my countrymen and my country's cause, i have tonight issued a proclamation unlimited national emergency exists, and requires the strengthening of our defense to the extreme limits of our national power and authority. narrator: with the world facing the greatest conflict of all time, with the rights of all free people in danger, roosevelt met winston churchill on the high seas and gave a pledge to the world. fight for the right of all people to choose their own form of government. dramaticecords this meeti

roosevelt presidential library and museum. it includes nine segments, each focusing on fdr's involvement with a key wartime issue. (music) >> world war ii began on september 1, 1939 with the german invasion of poland. (music) by the time the war ended in 1945, more than 60 million people have been killed and dozens of nations were destroyed. the ability of democracy to sustain and survive a direct attack had been put to the test and proven. across the globe, the decade of the 1930's had been a time of great unrest. economic depression resulted in widespread despair. some nations fell under control to authoritarian leaders. in europe, and a fiddler and benito mussolini took advantage of the turmoil and promised prosperity based on expansion. in asia, the government of japan plotted a similar course. separated from these troubles by two oceans, americans do not want to be in an overseas conflict. at the time, the u.s. military rank 17th in the world. we were hardly in a position to get into the war. but some, including president

so what happens, the letter comes toh roosevelt, roosevelt gives the butter to the state le department to draft reply if she finally gets the reply from roosevelt directed by the state department. by then, the horse had left the barn and by thent, the ministers that wanted to have this agreement had been forced to resign because he could not arrange this meeting. but there were only so many letters he could write and the question was should he have come back from japan. but anyhow, thaanyhow, that is . >> it depends on your answer. >> you mentioned he was the dean of thehe diplomatic corps. >> by that i need is a senior diplomat. >> there was the existence at that time of the alliance in the southwest pacific that stands for australia, america, britain and the dutch east indies and this was signed off by fdr, secretary of war. it wasn't a treaty per se because it has never been approved by the senate. based on the knowledge and existence of this treaty, and as early as february 20, 1941, there was the mind and communications alliance that was held by piece countries and they exchanged

if you could ask either track listen roosevelt or eleanor roosevelt a couple of questions after all the work you did on this book, what would they be? >> with eleanor i would like to ask her at a certain moment in the middle of the war when he asked her to be his wife again to say yes to him. i know he loved her, i wanted to say why didn't you do it? he is going to die soon. i wish she had done it. and also i would like to understand why he couldn't share himself more with everyone. he was the most ebullient permit on surface. everyone knew how warm he was but upped knead there was reserve. i want to try to understand why he was so and why he couldn't give himself more fully to the people around him. >> what makes this book different than the rest? >> i wanted to understand franklin and eleanor's relationship, and to understand the extended family that surrounded them until the white house. i came to the understanding that these two characters needed the other people to meet the untended needs left over as a result of their troubled marriage. what i came to sense is that the second quar

. ♪ >> eleanor roosevelt began the long trip home.lowly the long, black funeral train pulls up then down the pennsylvania avenue to the beat of muffled drums the president was born for the last time to the executive mansion that for 12 years had been his official home. the passing of f.d.r. from the american scene came as a personal shock to the nation. people wept openly, unashamed of their grief. drawn by six white horses, the flag draped casson was brought to the white house and carried into the great east room where 80 years before almost to the day the body of abraham lincoln also laid in state. at hyde park his ancestral home in duchess county, new york the guns of west point cadets rang down the final curtain on the man of destiny known around the world as f.d.r. to measure something of his greatness we turn back the clock to franklin roosevelt as a young man making his first political campaign. to the time when only 28 years of age he was elected new york state senator and broke the powerful republican machine that had ruled d

though no serious evidence existed they pushed the roosevelt administration for action. on february 19th, 1942, fdr issued executive order 9066 which led to the forced relocation of japanese americans living on the west coast. they were con fined to internment camps. abruptly forced to abandon or sell homes and businesses, many lost everything that they owned. similar wartime fears led canada and nations throughout latin america to adopt comparable expulsion of those of japanese ancestry. yet they remained loyal and some japanese americans from the camps served in the's military where they distinguished themselves with extraordinary valor in combat. the supreme court upheld the president's order in two wartime cases but in the 1980s the congress acknowledged this a violation of the civil liberties and voted to provide financial compensation to individuals confined to the camps. the supreme court also vacated the earlier wartime rulings. ♪ ♪ during world war ii millions of americans took up arms to fight totalitarianism and racism abrought but america was a deeply racist

roosevelt's quick work in regards it as the quick work of her lifetime but roosevelt was a practical man to understand the mistakes woodrow wilson made with the league of nation and he would have continued had he had another ten years it would be a very different world today. >> there is a memo in the book with ten or 12 people with licensure and clinton when he was president. >> much more than that. >> how do you go to be a source? >> president clinton to have a sense. >> and we spent three hours discussing liberalism i've had enough experience with those meetings so i wrote a ten page memorandum and now when you get a chance please look at this and it was about what could be done. but he wants said to me, that every poll shows 70 percent of the americans want the un to be successful. and prepare for our country to lead it. why would in a president grab on to that? there are 15 percent to hate the un and they vote on their feelings or 70 percent don't don't and those that are equally interested in doing because the un cannot be a major successful instrument of peace unless the unite

the chicago tribune proclaimed roosevelt anza lincoln armor. is -- it's seldom helps to wonder how a statement of one generation would surmount the crisis of another. a statesman deals with difficulties with things that must be done from day to day. not often can he frame conchas patterns for the far-off future fdr acknowledged in his remarks. the stature of lincoln's nature and the usdamental conflict invite to turn to him for help. it is such invocations of the civil war past and a new deal era context that nina silver examines in her new book. silver introduces a the civil warto memory and explores how americans reinterpreted the civil war to meet their own needs during the great depression and world war ii. since completing her training as berkeley,n at uc professor silver has returned to the fertile field of civil war studies to uncover new perspectives with which to engage civil war history. she has documented the gender dimensions of the war and daughters of the union. reunion, shee of traced the ships and normed -- northern sentiment to

the president was franklin roosevelt, not abraham lincoln. the new york herald tribute reprinted fdr's speech under the headline, roosevelt's gettysburg address. the chicago tribune proclaimed, roosevelt dons lincoln armor at gettysburg. it seldom helps to wonder how a statesman of one generation would sur mound the cmount the another. a statesman deals with difficulties, with things that must be done from day to day. not often can he frame conscious patterns for the far off future. fdr acknowledged in his remarks. the fullness of the statue of lincoln's nature and the fundamental conflict which events forced upon his presidency invite us ever to turn to him for help. it's such past in a new deal era context that nina silver examines in her new book. professor silver introduced a new cast of character to the story of civil war memory and explores how americans reinterpreted the civil war to meet their own needs during the great depression and world war ii. since completing her training as a historian at the university of california berkeley -

we turn back to franklin roosevelt. he broke the powerful republican machine that rules duchess county for 28 years. emerging as a national figure, president wilson and the asis ta -- assistant secretary of the navy. fdr at the age of 38 was the youngest vice president candidate in history. married on st. patrick's day to anna eleanor roosevelt, he founded a dynasty typical of his fo forebeare forebears. it was at a vacation cottage that fdr sailed with his friends and family after the strenuous campaign. and it was in the bay of bundy where he was stricken with the polio germ that struck his legs, but not his life. franklin roosevelt was elected governor of new york. he became a champion of the common man, and he was widely talked of as next democratic candidate for the presidency of the united states. and the die was cast. this is the beginning of an era unparalleled in american history. fdr's appearance was the series of spectacular personal triumphs. his first words for fearless and prophetic. >> i'm prepared under

roosevelt's death. first, we'll show you a film that documents the funeral of president roosevelt, who died on april 12th, 1945. afterwards, a look at roosevelt's involvement planning d-day until his death. and then a film focusing on president roosevelt's involvement with key war time issues during world war ii. you're watching american history tv on c-span 3. >>> every saturday night, american history tv takes you to college classrooms around the country for lectures in history. >> why do you all know who lizzie borden is, and raise your hand if you ever heard of this murder, the gene harris murder trial before this class. >> the deepest cause where we'll find the true meaning of the revolution was in this transformation that took place in the minds of the american people. >> so we are going to talk about both of these sides of the story here, right? the tools and the techniques of slave owner power and we will also talk about the tools and the techniques of power that were practiced by enslaved peopl

they pushed the roosevelt administration for action. on february 19th, 1942, fdr issued executive order 9066 that lead to the relocation of 110,000 japanese americans living on the west coast. they were confined to camps operated by the military. many lost everything that they own. similar wartime fears lead canada and others. some japanese americans from the camps served in the nation's military where they distinguished themselves with extraordinary valor in combat. but the united states congress acknowledged the civil liberties of citizens and voted to provide financial compensation. they also vacated earlier wartime rulings. >>> during world war ii millions of americans took up arms to fight totalitarianism and it was largely segregated. they worked to end racial discrimination in the military. with congress largely controlled by powerful southern democrats that staunchly supported racial separation fdr felt they could not broadly challenge military segregation. yet world war ii provided fdr with opportunities to take action against

franklin roosevelt. joseph stalin.announcer: you're watching american history tv, 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. follow us on twitter@c-span history for information on our schedule and to keep up with the latest history news. >> i personally know of at least 50 to 60 people here in the area that do not have funds to stay in motels. now they have put the 5:00 curfew into effect and if you're caught out, it's $500 to $1,000 if they catch you. what are these people supposed to do? >> the superhumans that have had the virus, can they give their plasma and help someone else? >> i can't believe all the girlfriends and boyfriends out there maintain social or, un, not interact for weeks, months. i don't know what he would say. >> i'm going to tell you what i'm going to say. this is not an uncommon problem and in new york city with our tiny apartments and lots and lots of younger people, it's a huge issue. announcer: share your experiences dealing with the coronavirus pandemic and ask expe

less than 60 days after leaving yalta, president roosevelt was dead.he soviet tyrant joseph stalin would brutalize his people for a more years until his death in 1953, but would write no memoir of his decades of bloody rule. winston churchill, however, who once told the house of commons that history would be kind to ,im or he intended to write it would indeed do just that. in his speeches as leader of the opposition and as prime minister and in his six-volume history of the second world war he would ande the memory of yalta to come. for decades churchill's impressions of the also were far from positive. acidly, we could not have found it worst -- a worse place to meet if we have spent 10 years looking at it. he also deemed at the riviera of hades. his experience would have been hellish if not for his cheerful report to his wife -- we have covered a great amount of ground and i am very pleased with the decisions we have gains. saw furtherhurchill proof the mantle of western leadership had been decisively passed on from britain to america. roosevelt, tho

the arose about him said that theodore roosevelt said -- -- util roosevelt said -- junior really lived up to those expectations. he served in world war i. he was a political rival with cousin franklin roosevelt during the great depression. the two cousins put their differences aside. theodore junior wanted to get into the military once again. he served as the first commander in the first infantry division. he served in the big red one, which is one of the big battle divisons to go into normandy. roosevelt did not gain a lot of acclaim or trust in the eyes of omar bradley or george patton. theodore roosevelt junior had a laid-back persona that wasn't up to snuff with somebody who was spit and polish as george patton was. omar bradley thought he had gotten too comfortable and too cozy with some of the soldiers, and there wasn't that rigid discipline that makes a good soldier a good soldier. he was removed from command from the first infantry division. he landed a spot as division commander in the fourth infantry division in the months prior to the normandy invasion. roosevelt pleaded wit

roosevelt pleaded with his commander, general barton. he was unceasing. he wanted to go ashore with his men. barton finally acquiesced and barton realized at that moment that this is probably going to be the end of his -- his health was failing, he was suffering from chest pains, he had very bad arthritis. nonetheless he went ashore with the fourth of -- the fourth division. he had a cane in one hand, a revolver and a pistol in another. he stayed with his men through thick and thin. unfortunately, his poor health did catch up with him. he also becomes one of the highest ranking americans to be killed in france as the invasion was ongoing as well. he rests right next to the remains of his brother, who was killed in the first world war. we would like to walk you through the camp a little bit and offer perspective on the gi. often when americans think of the second world war, they think of helmets, think of weapons, think of sherman tanks. but war is the subtle small stuff too, the everyday stuff that soldiers use on an everyday basis. these units of food th

president roosevelt is dead. and it's the day -- roosevelt's funeral sort of went over a saturday and a sunday, and this is the monday, and truman has to go up there and inspire confidence in the american people, in the military and young soldiers on the front lines, and in the allies of the united states that america was going to continue the course. it was an extraordinary amount of pressure. now, bess -- it was revealed, margaret wrote in her memoirs that the first lady, even the first lady doubted in her conversations with her husband, even she doubted that this guy had the chops to do the job. so to get up there and make this speech was a very difficult moment. let's have a listen. this is -- [inaudible] >> both germany and japan can be certain beyond any shadow of a doubt that america will continue the fight for freedom until no vestige of resistance remains. [applause] our demand has been and it remains unconditional surrender. [applause] aj: so a point i want to make is that this happened in the mid -- ea

theodore roosevelt jr. had a long military lineage in his family. his father of course stormed up san juan hill in 1898 during the spanish-american war. and then a number of years later theodore roosevelt expected all of his sons to serve in world war i. and theodore roosevelt said of his sons, "i would look upon them with shame if they didn't serve in the same way i would look upon my daughters with shame if they didn't have children." those were kind of the two expectations for theodore roosevelt's kids. and junior really lived up to those expectations. he served in world war i. he was in fact a political rival with cousin franklin roosevelt during the great depression. but when world war ii started the two cousins put their differences aside. theodore jr. wanted to get into the military once again. initially he served as a commander in the 1st infantry division. and he served in the big red one, which was one of the few battle-tested divisions to go into normandy. however, roosevelt didn't gain a lot of

so those are the two expectations of theodore roosevelt's kids. and junior lived up to that expectation. he served in world war i. he was the political rival with roosevelt during the great depression. when world war ii started the two cousins put their differences aside. initially he served as a commander in the first infantry division, and he served in the big red one, which was one of the few battle tested divisions to go into normandy. however, roosevelt didn't gain a lot of acclaim or trust in the eyes of omar bradley or george paton. theodore roosevelt had a very laid-back command persona, and that wasn't up to snuff with somebody who was spitting polish as george paton was, and omar bradley thought he got a little bit too comfortable and perhaps a little too cozy and laid-back with some of the soldiers, and there wasn't that sort of rigid discipline that makes a good soldier a good soldier. so he was removed from command in the first infantry division and he landed a spot as the first assistant division commander in the months and year prio

president roosevelt walking a tightrope.believe he wanted [inaudible] a lot of other things were done by the united states government to help h britain and its allies fighting the nazis. after the japanese attacked pearl harbor the division in the country went away overnight we were a united nation. would you comment upon that, mr. kleiner two. >> that's a great question and a atlot of the focus in my book because roosevelt was very focused on taking what he called measures short of war and there was a need to keep america out of the war, roosevelt had made very vocal statements condemning japanese and german aggression before pearl harbor, including the quarantine speech in 1937 where he talked about the need for a quarantine against aggressors but found that, by and large, there was not public support f for america getting entangled in what they saw as another european conflict and there was a lot of opposition on capitol hill from a public senator like robert taft and burton wheeler who did not want to see america involve

president roosevelt takes the oath of office. >> i, franklin roosevelt solemnly swear i will faithfullycute the office of the united states and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect, and defend the constitution of the united states. >> so help you god. >> so help me god. >> the president delivers a brief inaugural address. >> we americans of today together with our allies are passing through a period of supreme test. it is a test of our courage, of our resolve, of our wisdom, of our essential democracy. if we meet that test successfully and honorably, we shall perform a service of historic importance. of historic importance which men and women and children will honor throughout all time. as i stand here today, having taken the solemn oath of office, in the presence of my fellow countrymen, in the presence of our god, i know that it is america's purpose that we shall not fail. in the days and the years that will come, we shall work for its just and honorable peace, a durable peace as today we work and play for a total victory in war. (music) (music) >> over lake michigan a coa