roosevelt. no one knew what the future held in store. little would anyone know how soon harry trumanhoulder the burden of state and carried to completion what roosevelt had come so close to fulfilling. ♪ >> harry s. truman takes the oath as vice president of the united states. ♪ being vice president of the u.s. in the most difficult time in the nation's history established this native missourian as a national statesman. ♪ >> to fill the place left vacant by the sudden death of franklin roosevelt, harry s. truman came the next president of the united states on the evening of april 12, 1945. ♪ >> president truman quickly and skillfully assumed all franklin d. roosevelt's responsibilities. among his responsibilities was the united conference in san francisco, california to which the president traveled by plane. francisco's hamilton field, the president is welcomed by high-ranking officers and diplomats, secretaries of foreign affairs, the governor of california, and many other equally important governmental representatives from all the continents of the earth. ♪ >> diplomatic greetings

roosevelt as president. -- of the united states. harry s. trumand been one of president roosevelt's staunchest upporters. he had been elected by a popular vote of the people as vice president, the man upon whom the greatest of all histories great responsibilities would fall in case anything should happen to president roosevelt. no one knew what the future would hold in store. ittle did anyone realize how soon harry truman was destined to shoulder the burden of state and carry on to completion the great work which franklin d. roosevelt had already come so close to fulfilling. harry s. truman takes the oath as vice president of the united tates. being vice president of the united states in the most difficult and fateful time in the nation's history established this native missourian as a ational statesman. to fill the place left vacant by the sudden death of franklin d. roosevelt, harry s. truman became the 32nd president of the united states on the evening of pril 12, 1945. president truman quickly and skillfully assumed all of franklin d. roosevelt

roosevelt, harry s. trumanresident of the united states on the evening of april 12, 1945. president truman quickly and skillfully assumed all of franklin d. roosevelt's responsibilities. among the many important problems and missions of duty was the united nations conference of international organization in san francisco, california, to which the president journeyed by plane. ♪ at san francisco's hamilton field, the president is welcomed by a host of high-ranking officers and world diplomats, ambassadors, ministers, secretaries of foreign affairs, the governor of california, united states senators, and many other equally important governmental representatives from all the continents of the earth. ♪ diplomatic greetings were followed by meeting the military. ♪ the president inspects the guard of honor, his first formal inspection of a military unit since he became president of the united states. ♪ when he came abreast of the bandleader, mr. truman stepped aside to thank him for his selection of the music. ♪ his

and roosevelt completely forgets about him. truman was vice president for 82 days. he had met with roosevelt twice in private in those 82 days. as you point out, he has sworn in as president 6:30 on april 12 tells the cabinet to stay on. they all leave and the secretary of war, henry simpson, says, mr. president, i need to talk to you. he takes him into a private room and says i need to tell you about an immense project to develop a weapon of indescribable power. that was literally, he had been ice president for three months and that was literally the first inkling truman had about the existence of the manhattan project, to develop the atom bomb. roosevelt had never shared it with him. host: so do we know of any senior members of congress, if they had been briefed on the project? guest: no. no members of congress have been briefed on the project. and an interesting thing, truman was as keyed into all of that is ossible. he was the head of something called the truman committee which was specifically involved and authorized to look into defense spending. and at one poi

done conference on the 18th of july 945 russian american relations had been fairly good under roosevelt truman was an unknown quantity to stalin and this meeting marks a turning point in relations between the allies. truman at potsdam did indicate to stalin that we had a new weapon he did not specify what it was and he believed that stallman did not know. and stalin's response was nonchalant which was well i hope you used it to good effect against the enemy what we now know from a variety of sources including former soviet sources is that all the knew very well what truman was talking about through his own sources in style importance to the mayor and justice in the midst of their ridicule anybody those they were known for in 4 months or so school saved is a distance from one of them for. real so you will do all that you know that there was because it him or. where you see what. was in the car. to see each other's business mr injuries it's all mental illness and. you get thank. you q how can you cares who can't or won't attend. every night. i think you're. going to. get smashed as soon as you g

american relations had been fairly good under roosevelt truman was an unknown quantity to stalin and this meeting marks a turning point in relations between the allies. truman at potsdam did indicate to stalin that we had a new weapon he did not specify what it was and he believed that stalin did not know and stalin's response was nonchalant which was well i hope you used to go to fail. against the enemy what we now know from a variety of sources including former soviet sources is that stalin knew very well what truman was talking about through his own sources in style importance to achieve none of them have one but it was to cinemas that then ridicule anybody else they would not answer in 4 months or so has been saved is a distance from him at the store he's got them there won't be real so you will do that in the beginning at the last word because that is him and barnum swaim wish for you see what. was in the car. seat business is to ensure. its own moment's notice and. you can take any. action. you care how can you cancel account i want you to stand there. every night. and you have

done conference on the 18th of july 945 bush and american relations had been fairly good under roosevelt truman was an unknown quantity to stalin and this meeting marks a turning point in relations between the allies. truman at potsdam did indicate to stalin that we had a new weapon he did not specify what it was and he believed that stalin did not know and stalin's response was nonchalant which was well i hope you used to go to. against the the enemy what we now know from a variety of sources including former soviet sources is that style they knew very well what truman was talking about through his own sources in style important to achieve not at the melbourne but it was to sit in the midst of them ridicule anybody thus they were not answering for months or so school sales is a distance from on them at the store is. real so you will do that in the beginning at the last one because it is them or a swim wish so you see what. was in the car. to see each other's business mr injuries it's one moment's notice and. you get thank. you q how can you cancel you're going to want to stay there. every nigh

american relations have been fairly good under roosevelt truman was an unknown quantity to stalin and this meeting marks a turning point in relations between the allies. truman at potsdam did indicate to stalin that we had a new weapon he did not specify what it was and he believed that stalin did not know and stalin's response was nonchalant which was well i hope you used to go to. to ghent the the enemy what we now know from a variety of sources including former soviet sources is that all the knew very well what truman was talking about through his own sources in style important to stay with them one but it was to say no mr then ridicule anybody thus they would not answer in 4 months or so is going to say is. throwing them at the store he's got them there won't be that real so you will do that in the beginning there was the word because it is him or and but i am a swim wish so you see what. was in the curse. business is to ensure. its own moment's notice and. you can think of. how can you cancel the account of one to 10 i stand. for every minute. i think you're on you have to go. an

american relations had been fairly good under roosevelt truman was an unknown quantity to stalin and this meeting marks a turning point in relations between the allies. truman at potsdam did indicate to stalin that we had a new weapon he did not specify what it was and he believed that stallman did not know and stalin's response was nonchalant which was well i hope you used it to good effect against the enemy but we now know from a variety of sources including former soviet sources this that's all they knew very well what truman was talking about through his sources in stunning pointlessly. not at the melbourne but at the cinema stop then ridicule anybody else they would not answer in 4 months or so. is a distance from. the real so yeah i will do that in the beginning there was because i did them often putting them where you see what. was from the curse. of the sutures business mr fisher injuries but it's almost all of us are. going to. say. how can he cares we're going to want to stay there. every night. and you have to. be met as soon as you've got your. money gucci was delivering m

american relations had been fairly good under roosevelt truman was an unknown quantity to stalin and this meeting marks a turning point in relations between the allies. truman at potsdam did indicate to stalin that we had a new weapon he did not specify what it was and he. leave that stalin did not know and stalin's response was nonchalant which was well i hope you used it to good effect against the enemy what we now know from a variety of sources including former soviet sources is that all the knew very well what truman was talking about through his own sources in starting point all to stay with the main one but it was to sit in the midst of them ridicule anybody else they would not answer and from what societies can say is. throwing them at them storm he's got them their bomb of that real so you will do that in the beginning at the last word because it is him or them but i am a swim wish for you see what. was in the car. seat business is to ensure. its own moment's notice and. you can take every. week you have any cares you kind of want to attend to. every night. and you have to. ge

american relations have been fairly good under roosevelt truman was an unknown quantity to stalin and this meeting marks a turning point in relations between the allies. truman at potsdam did indicate to stalin that we had a new weapon he did not specify what it was and he believed that stallman did not know and stalin's response was nonchalant which was well i hope you used to go to. again study the enemy but we now know from a variety of sources including former soviet sources that stalin knew very well what truman was talking about through his own sources in style informal to stay with her and she did none of them one but it was to sit in the midst of them ridicule anybody thus they were not answering for months or so as can save is a distance from one of them story he's got them there won't be real so you will do that in the beginning there was the word because that is him or barnum swaim wish so you see what. was in the. business is to ensure that. it's all moment's notice and. you can take any. action. you care how can you cancel the account of one to 10 and stand there. every n

president truman had just assumed office after the death of franklin roosevelt when he met with britain's winston churchill and the soviet union's joseph stalin. it was during these meetings from july 17th until august 2nd, that mr. truman informed his soviet counterpart about the new u.s. superweapon. it would soon be unleashed on the japanese cities of hiroshima and nagasaki. the truman library institute provided this video. >> we are at the 75th anniversary of the potsdam conference. big numbers like the 75th anniversary or hundred anniversary, are always occasions for looking back and for drawing attention. i think there is another reason to look back at potsdam as we are in our own day and age, re-entering a world of great power competition and reentering a world where geopolitics seems to have come back to the fore of international thinking in international relations thinking. so it is well worth us coming back to this subject. i'm especially glad to have a chance to talk to you about it. i wish it was in person again, in kansas city. i wish that we were able to do this face to face

truman and roosevelt before him had already planned on this. unlike woodrow wilson in 1919, who went in trying to win with the power of ideas, truman went come in with a bunch of good cards at his hand. one of them was having the united nations charter already signed before truman went to potsdam. that occurs in late june of 1945. and with the united states senate having already approved american membership. so there'll be no fight over the league of nations like there was in 1919. the difference is at this time, the united states will have one of five security council vetoes so the u.n., unlike the league of nations, can never do harm to the united states because it has that u.s. security council veto. the u.s. also wanted to make sure the conference was held in san francisco, and that the international headquarters of the united nations would be on the east side of new york city. the united states also created monetary institutions -- this is john maynard keynes in the middle -- that are today known as the bretton woods agreements. they includ

president truman has just assumed office at the death of franklin d. roosevelt and when he met with churchill and stalin. it is during these meeting from july 17th to august 2nd that mr. truman sf truman informed his counterpart about the u.s. super-weapon to be released on hiroshima and nagasaki. the truman library provided this video. >> big numbers like a 75th anniversary are always occasions for looking back and for drawing attention. i think there is another reason to look back at potsdam as we are in our own day and age re-entering a world of great power competition and a world where geopolitics have come back to the fore of international thinking so it is worth coming back to in subject. so i'm glad to have a chance to talk about it. i wish it was in person again in kansas city. and i wish we were able to do this face-to-faceba we'll do the best that we can. the key thing here that i want to return to is shown by this photograph here of churchill, truman and stalin smiling and shaking hands. and the point that i want really to reiterate here is these thre

truman and roosevelt had already planned on this. unlike woodrow wilson in 1919 who went in trying to win with the power of ideas, truman wanted to come in with a burch of really good cards in his hand. one of them is having the unite nations charter already signed before truman went to pot ois dam. that occurs in late june 1945 and with the united states senate having approved american membership so there will be no fight over the league of nations like there was in 1919. the difference, of course, is that this time the united states would have won five security council vetoes so that the u.n., unlike the league of nations can never do harm to the united states because it it has the u.n. security council veto. the united states also was careful to make sure that the conference was held in san francisco and the international headquarters would be built on the east side of new york city. it created monetary institutions and this is john maynard haines in the middle that are known as the brenton woods agreement and they include the worl

roosevelt? >> one of the most dramatic moments in the whole story was when truman the evening of roosevelt's deathsomeone from the white house by the press secretary steve early when truman was having a drink with sam rayburn in what was euphemistically known as the board of education ...... >> and i wanted to make that run and to find out what time he must of been in various places so to tell him how long it took him to walk over over to the hideaway. you can start running to the capital so i asked to take baker to make the run at the same time and he said i know why. yes i will arrange of it on - - arrangement that i can run with you so that capital place as our escorts made the run and we were coming along through the hall running through those stone house of the capital for men with street shoes it is a thunderous sound. we came up to a point where the white house capital police have their rest area and an office and they heard this noise four or five of them came out into the hall to see what was going on and what they saw was one capital policeman running straight for them seemingly being ch

cement, in been with roosevelt truman churchillro stalin. thank you. particularly want to thank you about how often you must have been asked these questions and he said i have never been asked these questions. truman's affection and devotion was very major part of his life is a very touching aspect of the story. it's entirely true. the reason have all of these letters is because he was so devoted to her. the scorcher of her just one of the great stories pre- world war one middle america, this young fellow, and love with the daughter of prominent by terms of independence, well-to-do family. the family does not want her to marry him.e not built schedule. his first campaign he pursues her. he does allow anything to discourage him. he's cheerful. he's devoted pretty loyal to her. he seems always to want to place her in the letters. he seems be always asking her, how my measuring grade. peter: he shared a lot of insider information. david: oh yes . with his mother and sister. imagine that mother president. he's talking to his mom and sister about the stuff.

this is in february and march of in then, in april of 1945, roosevelt dies. truman becomes president. roosevelt functioned as secretary of state. there was a u.s. executive that was really out of his depth and major foreign policy discussions, and so, the secretary of state is not strong. president truman, who had lunch -- sheanklin roosevelt was unschooled in where things stand, and so -- he was unschooled in where things stand. he is really the most influential american delegate, so he has truman deferring to him. and he is helping set the stage for what the united nations charter is going to look like. >> no nation hereafter can action. itself by its only collective security can stop the next great war before it starts. beinghe found himself lionized and found the country really looking to him as an outspoken voice for a rational approach, nothing utopian. it was not going to be one world. one of his republican rivals had written a book called "one world," and there were people thought maybe we should have world government. then there were isolationists coming ou

and then in april of 1945, roosevelt ties. truman becomes president. roosevelt federally functioned and his son secretary of state. hannah secretary of state's name edward was a capable u.s. still executive but really - in major foreign policy discussions. the secretary of state is not strong . for president truman he had really not included in on what roosevelt was planning is unschooled and where things stand. vandenberg goes to san francisco and it really is the most influential american delegate and he has truman deferring to him. and he is hoping set the stage for with the united nations charter is going to look like. >> the nation is by his own exclusive actions, only collective security can stop the next great work before it starts. >> so he found himself the country really looking to him as an outspoken voice for a rational approach, nothing utopian. was i going to be one world, what is rivals had written a book called one world. and there were people thought maybe we should have world government. then there were isolationists coming out of the

jim asks, what was the relationship of roosevelt and truman with general leslie gross? >> i will say really quickly, asked to -- back to my grandfather not being told anything about the atomic bomb, not being told much of anything about anything as vice president. i believe the first time he met general gross is when henry stinson brought the general to the white house a a little more than two weeks after grandfather was sworn in to tell him everything he could about the manhattan project and the atomic bomb. and grandpa even wrote, he wrote his memoirs and he wrote after the presidency, which my mother edited and put into a book, he put in that the general snuck in by a back door so no one would see him. that is how top-secret it was. >> fdr had a very specific management style, particularly regarding military operations. admiral lahey was his chief of staff, george marshall was the army chief of staff. he dealt with them almost exclusively with the way he would communicate what he needed to have done on the operational side of things. he did not meet with gross, but h

this is in february and march of of 1945, then in april roosevelt dies. harry truman becomes president. roosevelt had functioned as his own secretary of state. he had a secretary of state that was a capable executive, but really out of his depth in major foreign policy discussions. and so, the secretary of state is not strong. poor president truman, who had lunch once with president roosevelt and had not been included in on what he was unclear on where things stand. so vandenberg goes to san francisco, and is the most influential american delegate, and he has truman deferring to him. he has the secretary of state deferring to him. he is helping state -- set the stage for what the united nations charter is going to look like. only collective security can stop the next great war before it starts. >> and so, he found himself found theized and country really looking to him as an outspoken voice for a rational approach. nothing utopian. it was not going to be one world, as his republican rivals had written a book on, and there were people who thought that maybe we should h

i know what kind of a dream franklin delano roosevelt and harry s. truman and john f. kennedy would dream if they were here tonight. and i think that i know what kind of a dream you want to dream. tonight, we of the democratic party, confidently go before the people offering answers, not retreat, offering unity, not division, offering hope, not fear or smear. we do offer the people a choice, a choice of continuing on the courageous and the compassionate course that has made this nation the strongest and the freest and the most prosperous and the most peaceful nation in the history of mankind. to those who have sought to divide us, they have only helped to unite us. to those who would provoke us, we have turned the other cheek. so as we conclude our labors, let us tomorrow turn to our new task. let us be on our way. [applause] the presidents, available in paperback, hardcover, and e-book for public affairs. presents biographies of every presidents, inspired by conversations with noted historians. in this presidential election year, as americans decide who should lead ou

jim on facebook asks what was the relationship between roosevelt and truman with general leslie groves? >> i'll just say real quick, again, back to my grandfather not being told anything about the atomic bomb, not being told much of anything about anything when he was vice president. i believe the first time he met general groves was when the secretary of war brought the general to the white house a little less than two weeks after grandpa was sworn in to give him the entire -- to tell him everything they could about the manhattan project and the atomic bombs. and grandpa even wrote in "where the buck stops --" he wrote his memoirs, and he wrote after the presidency, which my mother edited and put into a book, but he wrote that general groves had snuck in by the back do, so that nobody could see him coming. that's how top secret it was. >> yeah, fdr had a very specific management style, particularly regarding military operations. you know, admiral leahy was his chief of staff, george marshall was the army chief of staff. he dealt with them almost exclusively with the way he would commu

result of that, general groves stuck the petition in a drawer and it never got to president roosevelt -- president truman, excuse me, he never saw it. you're absolutely right, it wasn't japan. and very briefly on the issue of hiroshima as the chosen target and why it was number two, hiroshima satisfied a number of criteria which expressly and explicitly described in the minutes of the target selection committee which took place both in los alamos and in the pentagon around the corner. the target was a perfect target. it was untouched by bombs, virtually. all these other cities had been pulverized. it could show the effects of an atomic bomb very clearly. it also had one very, very major advantage. it was surrounded on three sides by mountains. and very expressly, a number of people involved in the target selection committee described how the mountains would create a focusing effect which would increase the blast from the bomb. so it was untouched. its geography was bomb perfect. you know. the weather patterns look good there. they check the weather for the last 150 years. 150 years, in order to see where

roosevelt. applause]d president truman: and i say to labor what i have said to the farmers.y are the most ungrateful people in the world if they pass the democratic party by this year. [cheers and applause] president truman: the total national income has increased from less than $40 billion in 1933 to $203 billion in 1947, the greatest in all the history of the world. these benefits have been spread to all the people, because it is the business of the democratic party to see that the people get a fair share of these things. this last, worst 80th congress proved just the opposite for the republicans. [applause] the record onan: foreign policy of the democratic party is that the united states has been turned away permanently from isolationism, and we have converted the greatest and best of the republicans to our viewpoint on that subject. [applause] the unitedruman: states has to accept its full responsibility for leadership in international affairs. we have been the backers and the people who organized and started the united nations, first started under that great democratic

truman was a particularly sympathetic figure to me, because when he became president of the united states in april 1945, despite the fact that president roosevelt was in, truman is kept almost completely in the dark on what american policy is, and it is back when he became president, he has two cd transcript of the yalta conference or we could figure out what the united states had done that delta only to find out this transcript did not exist. truman is having to figure out what america agreed to add delta by talking to people who were there and getting contradictory information and contradictory reports. auman as senator and found gap in the defense department budget that he challenged the u.s. army on. he challenged the secretary of war. he understood truman was a senator but he could not sure what that was for. it is only after truman became president -- pulled to the side and explain what the men had project was. that is what truman it's doubled earlier in the war. one thing harry truman is interested in is trying to get a handle on what his new responsibilities are. he is interested in what we would call a reset of relations with the sovie

poor truman, he has been vice president for 82 days. he saw roosevelt once more or less for a photo op. he has been a senator during the 1930s, but focused on domestic issues, he was head of the truman committee, which was a committee designed to prevent waste and war production activities, and he does that very well. and that's one of the reasons he's chosen to be roosevelt vice president when roosevelt runs for his fourth term, but he knows absolutely nothing about foreign policy. basically, all of his information is inherited from roosevelt's advisers, but he does have views. he is strong fuse about the soviet union. he's the senator who said when reporters asked him after the germans attacked the soviet union, well what do you think about that? and he said well if the germans are winning wish to help the soviets. and if the soviets are when we should help the germans. this is of course before we got into the war. i mean he does not like the soviets. he distrust communism. he's right out there that make america great. you have to excuse me, it's very

truman, the british and the u.s. had been involved in this all along together, roosevelt and churchill and now truman.en the bomb explodes, truman gets word and churchill gets word, almost at the same time. one of the things they are discussing is, when do we tell stalin because stalin doesn't know anything about this project, or so they think. just before the conference ends the decision is, we don't want to tell too early, we don't want to tone too much, if we don't tell him anything or supposedly analyze the data presented it will create more problems. of course russia has swept in from the east and taken over most of eastern europe and not to give it up. he goes he doesn't even bring a translator, he uses the russian translator the translator stalin and truman by themselves and truman says, i just want you know that we have an enormous indescribably powerful weapon we developed and stalin says basically, i hope you will put it to good use of the enemy and then he turns away. truman is dumbfounded. he doesn't ask a question? churchill comes up to him and says, because he wasn't there but he can see

president truman had just assumed office after the death of franklin d. rooseveltn he met with britain's winston churchill and the soviet union's joseph stalin. it was during these meetings from july 17 until august 2 that mr. truman informed his soviet counterpart about the new u.s. super weapon. it would soon be unleashed on the japanese cities of hiroshima and nagasaki. the truman library institute provided this video. prof. neiberg: we are at the 75th anniversary of the potsdam conference. big numbers like a 75th anniversary or 100th anniversary are always occasions for looking back and drawing attention.

it is the office of lincoln's conscience, of teddy roosevelt's energy, of harry truman's integrity, andonald reagan's optimism. [cheers and applause] for me, gaining this office is not the ambition of a lifetime, but it is the opportunity of a lifetime, and i will make the most of it. [cheers and applause] i believe great decision are made with care, made with conviction, not made with polls. [cheers and applause] i do not need to take your pulse before i know my own mind. i do not reinvent myself at every turn. i am not running in borrowed clothes. [cheers and applause] when i act, you will know my reasons. and when i speak, you will know my heart. [cheers and applause] i believe in tolerance, not in spite of my faith, but because of it. [cheers and applause] i believe in a god who calls us not to judge our neighbors but to love them. [cheers and applause] i believe in grace because i've seen it, and peace because i've felt it, and forgiveness because i've needed it. i believe true leadership is a process of addition, not an act of division. i will not attack a part of this country bec

into post-world war i germany hoover fought to get it in. >> i feel one of roosevelt's great failings he did not brief truman on everything. not on the atomic bomb, on his strategy, not on the united nations, so truman really had to take over with very little understanding what was going on. from 1933 to 1953 hoover was the only survivor expresident, the only person who really understood what the job was. i'm going to let you have the last note as we wrap this up because i think it's one of hoover's great quotes. he lived until the mid-60s. he saw a lot of different things. his philosophy essentially laid the ground work of gold water and reagan that went all the way through for decades, and near the time of his death he was asked why he had overcome his critics. you want to talk about that story and end with a famous quote? >> i think you're referring to his quote that he outlived the bastards, which allowed him -- there are two kinds of quotes that sum up hoover's understanding of what happened. the first where he said that a foolish individual only hurts themselves whereas a foolx government hurts both th

but here in recent years, but i have you know that roosevelt in favor of truman. >> for what reason? the vice president is not strong enough? why would the president do that. >> you know, trump can say what he wants to. trump has is certain fear. of miss harris. i think kamala is all that he wished he didn't have to confront. i believe he's already seeking a way to make a headline. and he'll sacrifice anybody or anything. in order to make a headline. and what better headline to make than to get rid of pence and put somebody else on the ticket like a woman. that he feels can go toe to toe with her. >> okay, so, listen. let's talk about this. there are certain progressives who are concerned about the senator saying she is a reputation as a prosecutor that she's a cop. she's a police officer. we need to defund the police. and i'm paraphrasing them. they maybe concerned about prosecuting black men and people of color. does she have some work to do with black voters or do you think that is simply a talking point or a political strategy on other peoples parts? >> i think it's a talking poi

[cheers and applause] i know what kind of a dream franklin delano roosevelt and harry s truman, and john. kennedy, would dream if they were here tonight. [cheers and applause] and i think that i know what kind of a dream you want to dream. tonight, we of the democratic party, confidently go before the people offering answers, not retreat, offering unity, not division, offering hope, not fear or smear. [cheers and applause] we do offer the people a choice, a choice of continuing on the courageous and the compassionate course that has made this nation the strongest and the freest and the most prosperous and the most peaceful nation in the history of mankind. [applause] to those who have sought to divide us, they have only helped to unite us. [applause] to those who would provoke us, we have turned the other cheek. [applause] so as we conclude our labors, let us tomorrow turn to our new task. let us be on our way. [cheers and applause] >> when barry goldwater accepted the republican nomination for president in 1964, he was a u.s. senator from arizona. elected for terms, he served as senate,