but one of the worst outcomes was rosemary kennedy and then she could barelyy walk.o that she was locked away and then kennedy kept her out oft sight. and again the earliest lobotomy patience where people with money because they came in and heard about the miracle cure and they v volunteered. the institute of living and that was the first surgical suite to perform lobotomies and also to be lobotomized. and then mental illness brings with it the great vulnerabilityam and it is as one of mine put it. for the mentally ill person a nightmarish place to be and then everyone around them. and to be disruptive and disturbing a threat and. >> i like to highlight the word desperate this is the only to have had the good fortune of having today the emeritus psychologist here in san diego treating hundreds of psychiatrist. over his career. and what is so important to learn with psychiatric training is the experience of d desperation. you have patients that are suffering in the most horrible way. some of them are violent. but and that is very disruptive i think of hundred of viole

lobotomy -- they were all botched as far as i'm concerned -- but one of the worst outcomes was rosemary kennedy, jack kennedy sister, whose father had her lobotomized in the early 1940's. she could barely walk. she was incontinent. she had to be trained to speak again. she was locked away in the kennedy family kept her out of sight and out of mind. i don't think ever visited. again, the earliest lobotomy patients were all outpatients. they were people with money. they came because they heard about this miracle cure. they volunteered for it. the institute of living in hartford, connecticut what was and probably is a rather prominent private psychiatric facility. it was the first mental hospital to build a special surgical suite to perform lobotomy's. the maclean, which is probably still the most expensive psychiatric hospital in the country, also lobotomized a substantial number of his patients, particularly women. the narrative is very complicated. i think mental illness brings with it a great deal of honor ability, enormous amount of -- vulnerability, enormous amount of suffering. it is, as on

larson is distinguished scholar whose earlier books included biography of harriet tubman, rosemary, the head and kennedy daughter, and t the assassins ad mary and the plot to kill abraham lincoln t talking about biography of fannie lou hamer and so i am going to assume that many of your like me, maybe you heard a little bit about fannie lou hamer or maybe nothing about constance baker motley and am hoping that you will introduce us to the subject of these books. and i think yours tomiko brown-nagin, perhaps less known, tell us a little bit about constance baker motley and who she was and what you chose her. >> sure and i am happy to and thank you to all of you for being here this morning and i am delighted to share about constance baker motley, who is legendary civil rights voyeur and who in her time, is very well known that i set out to write about her because is the case that people today don't know her to the extent they should. legendary civil rights lawyer who litigated cases and made it possible for all of us to be together today regardless oft race made it possible for me to the law professor and