royal navy also contributed ships. it's interesting because pepperell and warren didn't work together well but just well enough to make the operation a success. the expeditions often times didn't necessarily draw people from higher etch lon from society. there was way group of soldier who's plunderred a bunch of french rum and said it's better than ours. but by in large these are not professional soldiers, they are militiaman signing up. they besieged and bomb barded the fortress and unlike five years earlier, this time the royal navy prevented resupplies from reaching allowy burg and the ench from capitulated in a little over seven weeks. here you have a drawing of the f fortress. even up here. right. so you got guns here and over here. you have to take it from the land, stop the ships from getting in, it's a difficult task. that said probably not as difficult as it was made out to be. we now know that there was issues with construction, there was problem because of the weather mason was more likely to crumble and a f

>>. [ inaudible ] >> the question is, hey, seems like the royal navy is kind of helpful, all right? wouldn't the colonists want to start building up their own navy? and the short answer is yes. in fact, the very first navy we have the continental navy, right? so they do recognize when the revolution comes. on the other hand, navys are really expensive. were you the expensive? expensive to build, expensive to maintain. one of the problems that we have is trouble in provisions. they don't have money and this is the king of france, right? so there's really no motivation for them to invest all of this money in navy because the british navy there and after all they are british citizens. why wouldn't you build continental navy if you've got the royal navy and you know, you're british and in fact we will see you in seven years war and there is an increase in this feeling of britishness. and colonial see themselves in the british empire. so in a way you look ahead which is great. but there's really no -- there's really no reason why a navy would be built by colonists of this period. yes, si

the royal navy is very large and the british isles are not particularly large in populous places and maintaining a global navy was a major challenge and to do so at an unprecedented scale, the royal navy is larger than it's ever been before in its history in 1813 and 1814 because of their war against napoleon on a global scale. and so the ships that are sent over into the chesapeake are shorthanded. and then they suffer the loss of further seamen. a few of them are combat desks and a few more of them have disease. but there is also a significant la loss by desertion because alcohol is cheaper in the united states and the working conditions are a whole lot better off in baltimore than they are on the british royal navy warship. now, i'm not saying here that most sailors deserted or that most sailors wanted to dessert but any desertion is a problem because they are already shorthanded and they are a perception that their men are prone to dessert along the coast of the united states to a much greater degree than they would ever dessert anywhere else in the world. so the british -- this a

the royal navy is very large and the british isles are not particularly large in populous places and maintaining a global navy was a major challenge and to do so at an unprecedented scale, the royal navy is larger than it's ever been before in its history in 1813 and 1814 because of their war against napoleon on a global scale. and so the ships that are sent over into the chesapeake are shorthanded. and then they suffer the loss of further seamen. a few of them are combat desks and a few more of them have disease. but there is also a significant la loss by desertion because alcohol is cheaper in the united states and the working conditions are a whole lot better off in baltimore than they are on the british royal navy warship. now, i'm not saying here that most sailors deserted or that most sailors wanted to dessert but any desertion is a problem because they are already shorthanded and they are a perception that their men are prone to dessert along the coast of the united states to a much greater degree than they would ever dessert anywhere else in the world. so the british -- this a

u-boats -- they were very convinced, and rightly so, that the german fleet had no comparison to the royal navy. convinced they were that they had no comparison to the navy. were considered a classic naval conflict, the germans were not stand a chance against the british. they began to develop u-boats. they could sink british capital ships. there were more successful in doing this. but he cannot balance the power. only because ould acting at oats were were quite slow underwater, and they cannot really operate in tactics like they did in later years. had to set wait. you have surface boats with you to set them with torpedoes. there were pretty efficient. change into to commerce war. which is happened in every major conflict. this is effective against britain, an island nation. the vast majority of the recess -- sea d come some busy like food and oil. british nation dependent on maritime commerce. the royal navy was blockading many german harbors. under those d go protections and attack the suppliers. this is very effective. gentlemanly way of very ing, summaries are good offensive weapon, but th

again, if i was the royal navy, i wouldn't want to get too close to that, and neither did they. which meant that to win the battle, they had to conduct a long range bombardment. but if you think this 36-pound shot is big. one more thing before we go into the fort, how strong these defenses were and why the british chose a long range bombardment instead of trying to take the fort straight on. you'll see a small white house, that was not there at the time, you'll also see a cement factory. the americans strung up a chain link boom. imagine telephone poles chained together laying long ways. behind that, americans had gun boats, like a row boat. and behind that, the americans sunk ships. for the british to win the battle to destroy the city, they would have had to knocked out that thick iron chain, saw through it, fight off the american gun boats, raise the sunken ships, and knock out all the cannons of ft. mchenry. and there were many of them aimed down river. it was tough to do, so the british decided on long range bombardment hoping to knock out the guns of the fort, maybe scare

speaker, at 3:30 this afternoon, 120 members of the royal navy, the royal marines, and the royal fleet auxiliary will march through carriage gates down to the north door of westminster hall in commemoration of the afghanistan situation. will the prime minister find time to join me to thank them for all they have done? >> well, i will certainly encourage all honorable members to do this, and i will examine my own diary to see if there is any chance that i can come along also. i think we should take every opportunity to thank our armed forces personnel to thank them, particularly for what they have done in afghanistan. many people have been once, twice, or on three different wars, and they deserve our congratulations and thanks for their service. the prime minister was asked why 16 health organizations doctors, nurses, andents say that health care services in england, the party is responsible for, are at breaking point, and there were allegations about whales, with an answer to an english question. say to theould honorable lady is, of course, there are pressures in the nhs, but i think i

>>. [ inaudible ] >> the question is, hey, seems like the royal navy is kind of helpful, all right? wouldn't the colonists want to start building up their own navy? and the short answer is yes. in fact, the very first navy we have the continental navy, right? so they do recognize when the revolution comes. on the other hand, navys are really expensive. were you the expensive? expensive to build, expensive to maintain. one of the problems that we have is trouble in provisions. they don't have money and this is the king of france, right? so there's really no motivation for them to invest all of this money in navy because the british navy there and after all they are british citizens. why wouldn't you build continental navy if you've got the royal navy and you know, you're british and in fact we will see you in seven years war and there is an increase in this feeling of britishness. and colonial see themselves in the british empire. so in a way you look ahead which is great. but there's really no -- there's really no reason why a navy would be built by colonists of this period. yes, si

a royal navy memorial on the banks of the thames. he had done field marshal alexander in wellington barracks next to buckingham palace. i knew he was the real thing, but i was always an advocate and admirer of the world war i sculptor. you have all seen his work, it's on the corner between hyde park in st. james park next to the duke of wellington's monument. it's great stuff. so i saw butler. said i'm a devotee of the sargeant jagger stuff. i don't want any modern things come i want to take it back like it was. heart --ve it in your if you ever in your heart wanted to do something, some sculpture that would resonate with you. , heeached back, in his barn took a piece of paper off the nail on a wall, andrew a stick figure here. it's -- it's in rome. that's mary holding the body of christ. this is a rainbow soldier. he said i'm not a religious man. he said i can't call it the rainbow soldier. it's the soldier. and we made the decision right there to do this work, which he did, it took several months. we had a cast in scotland, moved t

a royal navy memorial on the banks of the thames. he had done field marshal alexander in wellington barracks next to buckingham palace. i knew he was the real thing, but i was always an advocate and admirer of the world war i sculptor. you have all seen his work, it's on the corner between hyde park in st. james park next to the duke of wellington's monument. it's great stuff. so i saw butler. said i'm a devotee of the sargeant jagger stuff. i don't want any modern things come i want to take it back like it was. heart --ve it in your if you ever in your heart wanted to do something, some sculpture that would resonate with you. , heeached back, in his barn took a piece of paper off the nail on a wall, andrew a stick figure here. it's -- it's in rome. that's mary holding the body of christ. this is a rainbow soldier. he said i'm not a religious man. he said i can't call it the rainbow soldier. it's the soldier. and we made the decision right there to do this work, which he did, it took several months. we had a cast in scotland, moved t

it shows the culmination of the battle when the royal navy had finally closed with the americans and they fought it out, only 300 yards apart, for an hour and a half. there were some 90 guns firing at the same time. and the noise was so disorienting that the sailors were unable to figure out what was going on. and they began to load the canons, one ball after the other after the other after the other auntil they had so many cannonballs that the ball rolled out of the end of the barrel. and in another case where they put too much powder in and a canon exploded when they set it off. and so theres with a was a hugef smoke over the battlefield. at the end of the naval battle, the british struck their colors there on the right.

the royal navy had patrolled around the united kingdom but as churchill made clear, it was only final victory over the u boats that truly opened the direct routes. intelligence, crucial to the winning of the battle was the breaking of the german naval foes to it was the subsequent cracking between berlin and the commanders in france they gave the huge intelligence advantage of d-day. it was exploited by their elaborate plans, allowing churchill that in wartime proved to be so precious that should always be attended. perhaps the real turning of the tide was the one in which churchill chose overland, that was the smashing of the german military machine in russia. their german losses are staggering. they lost a whole army group cobbled with the collapse of their italian allies. finally, we come to the weather. no one attempts to cross the british channel in winter. after the summer of 1943, the role of the weather mitigated against an invasion inevitably delay in operation from that point until the spring of 1944. take all of these factors together and i will argue that an assault in 194

it shows the culmination of the battle when the royal navy had finally closed with the americans and they fought it out, only 300 yards apart, for an hour and a half. there were some 90 guns firing at the same time. and the noise was so disorienting that the sailors were unable to figure out what was going on. and they began to load the canons, one ball after the other after the other after the other auntil they had so many cannonballs that the ball rolled out of the end of the barrel. and in another case where they put too much powder in and a canon exploded when they set it off. and so theres with a was a hugef smoke over the battlefield. at the end of the naval battle, the british struck their colors there on the right. and that was seen by general who was sitting up on the hill and when he saw that happen, he knew he had lost the battle. without the navy, without the ships to take his army south, there was no point in going on any longer. and so he recalled the army, and the next day they left. and they went back to canada. and the battle was over. he planned to come and fight ag

the royal navy was blockading many german harbors. under those d go protections and attack the suppliers. this is very effective. gentlemanly way of very ing, summaries are good offensive weapon, but they are terrible defensive weapon. the success remains of a surprise attack. concern of lot of it being that it was poking the b of a lot of neutral nations. there was think vessels though not necessarily involved in the conflict. or simply current merchant or goes for south america the other states, all of the places which were not involved . they had these things called price rules. would forward the vessel, search the papers for the manifest. but my throughout the ship. it was considered to be more formal. that kind of mitigated the effect of the u-boat. it could potentially be overpowered with small arms. it was not really that effective. war as they d world progressed they began to be more effective. in a r place mines strategic ports. us entered the war. so, that is generally what is going on. the basic german naval tactic. during

royal. now, suddenly, he's being -- how dare you stop this attack? the navy department. the monitors cannot be turned back. what do you mean? a huge political war basically breaks out between dupont and his backers and the navy department. and in the end, dupont is relieved of command. the monitors are redesigned. the ones that attack charleston are reworked to give them more protection. but they never, ever try to run into charleston harbor. the idea of hitting the torpedoes is just -- >> do they do that refitting or -- >> they could do most of the refitting at port royal. only one vessel got sent back, because the gear -- the monitors, again, are all steam-operated. when they went into battle, they would actually rise up, to turn the turret. and one of the gears that turned the turret broke. but that they couldn't do in port royal. >> and they've established not just a -- basically a u.s. naval ship-yard at buford. >> it was fascinating. they had the hard hat divers there. they would go down to clear the underside of the vessels and in one case bushels of oysters were

we have the war down south and then, other than mentioning the royal navy, i don't think i mentioned again the war, king george's war. and that's not accidental. and they didn't -- the carolinians and deal with katie and louisburg. and massachusetts is sending down people to help out the attack on st. augustine. so what you have is the for mag of the stronger and carolinas and georgia comes closer together and in the new england colonies and all of the new england colonies provide troops and again, what is significant is you get to the mid-atlantic pennsylvania and new york. they didn't provide troops but they provide supplies and so there's the creation after regional identity. i think more strongly in this war than any of the other previous ones. yes, sir? >> so when the -- when they return to the french, what did they hear? mainly the french come back. british leave and follow you know, and is it more of a slight skirmish to regrab the fort? >> no skirmish. the british come in and they think it is theirs. they have been pounding walls down, right? and it isn't the greatest and so

still this entire episode royaled the navy s.e.a.l. community. a former s.e.a.l. who knows both he considered their breaking the code of secrecy in his words dishonorable but other former s.e.a.l.s insist the higher ups created this where it's okay for some to speak out but not for others. >> peter alexander, thank you so much. by the way we're going to talk to robert o'neill on friday. >> natalie's here now with overnight news on the president's trip to asia. >> good morning everyone. president obama and china's president downplaying points of tensions. the two addressed reporters in a rare joint news conference. kristen welker joins us. good morning. >> reporter: natalie, good morning. the two leaders announced a major deal on climate change for the first time china vowing to cap its carbon emissions, all part of an intent to show a deeper level of cooperation between the u.s. and china. at a news conference it's clear stark differences remain. it's been three days of one-on-one time between president obama and president zee shink ping. during a press conference

i served tours in the army, navy, air force and then certainly, i served a very pleasant or unpleasant tour because of the physical demands with the royal demands in england and during that tour, i became the recipient of a coveted green beer a. but the other -- beret. marine unit, oyal which was an unusual track for a young marine. there is no limitations. the things that i did in my life, jumping out of airplanes. bb willing out of submerged submarines, things that were dangerous and life-threatening, but they were valuable to keep the process going. commanded a force reckonanceance. d you never heard of the fulton sky hook system. it was designed by a relative son or a grandson of robert fulton and what it was was, when ou had a downed pilot, a friendly aircraft dropped a big -- e of rope, 2009 or twine. you inflated the ball and and hooked it on to you and it went up several hundred feet. and the airplane had a hook that snapped. and when it hit the line, it snapped and pulled you off the ground, 200 feet. and there were two people in the irplane that put the line on a winch and wheeled you in. i did that. it was kind of crazy becau

he wanted his newspaper to be like the navy destroyer he served on in world war ii, make big bow waves and leave a royallyhe -- ben prowled the newsroom in search of news, gossip, the hidden but emerging truth. he did not observe boundaries. hey were for others. schedules for those who would miss the moment. ben studied the classics in college. it was a mild effort by all absombed the he central truth -- absorbed the central truth about the greek heroes, strong, leaderly, reckless at times, full of doubt and others, successful, yet men who wept tears as most men no longer do. but ben cried easily at the slightest hint of sorrow in a movie or in life. he was in search of the large truth, not just the facts which he was devoted to, but he was looking for the deep emotional struggles he knew were in the great events that moved history. he perceived that there was a thin threshold between flaw and fatal flaw. as a result, he was with all at sternness and swagger and self-conferred, a for giving man, he -- self-confidence, a for giving man, he understand human frailty, an innocent and unthinking unintentional

though you are clearly an aviation junky but there's a lot i here about the navy and the army and you give great space to the royal air force and the planes that it flew and the royal canadian air force. anyway it is absolutely fascinating, and -- >> the cover -- al fatah bravo whatever. and the u.s. surgeon. >> the british version. >> and the german version. i thought the choice of names was really fun. sometimes they ever the same miking and king. >> the germans were antoine bruno, caesar, and in fact they even had a word that eludes me over -- >> host: whiskey can go frost trott, three of the code words in the british side of it. there is a lot you can learn from this book that i found complete the fascinating. i marked a couple things. you have all kinds of extra stuff like d-day movies and the d-day museum and the fact that they didn't destroy the tapestry even though they might well have because it was headquarters and so forth. the other thing i save was your entry on john ford which we already talked about which i love. he was promoted to rear admiral naval reserve, a presidential medal -- i can remember,

royal. you talked a lot about cooperation with china, and i was hoping that you could talk a little bit about the navy's goals for cooperation and capabilities of our allied and our treaty partners in the asia-pacific. >> okay, sure. i share general odierno's concern with regard to the sizing of the army because, you know, we are a supporting element of that in the joint force. and what i mean by that is, okay, if we're going to resize any of the services, really the centerpiece of the land force -- the army -- then what, what's the construct behind that, and what are are we going to agree will be the limitations of our operations out there? and what is the, our tendency to do that? what has been in the past, you know, we've said, well, we are not interested in doing this, that or the other thing, but then as we say, the world gets a vote. and the size of stability operations. because a clear indicator is as we move anything from army, army armor out to he lows out to -- helos out, all of that, we're the kind of fill-in behind all of that, and we're seeing some of that right now with operations in afgha