so he decides to use the mobility of the royal navy and his brother of course commanding the royal navy, and he loads his troops on ships, and his plan is -- let me go back a second. his plan then is to load on ships and take his army and ultimately go up the chesapeake bay, land south of philadelphia and then march on philadelphia. that's howe's plan. again, fairly straightforward, but obviously those are two very very different plans, and it's up to germain to coordinate these plans. there's germain in the center. then he's got howe off to the left there and burgoyne to the right. the problem of course is there's a tyranny of distance. there's 3,000 miles between london and new york, and you've got the commander-in-chief that's sitting in new york, 3,000 miles away. burgoyne and germain and the king are sitting there in london. so when you've got messages that can take two to three months to go back and forth across the atlantic, it makes it very very to coordinate a campaign, especially when you have decisionmakers in london and decisionmakers in new york city. and so that's what rea

in fact he says on more than one occasion if only we had something like the royal navy. that provides the british with all sorts of limited mob -- unlimited mobility. washington did talk about moving up the hudson. it was more important to intercept howes. washington was much more focused on what how -- howe would do. it would have been interesting to see so a great question. >> this is the complement from the a member of our audience. your book is excellent and if you make a trip to the hudson valley as an amateur hobbyist and historian i found your book to be the finest i have read. >> thank you david. thank you very much. that made my week. p this is from pamela. greetings from new york. as a lifelong hudson valley resident we have appreciation of our scenery and history and an interesting presentation. let me ascii something we haven't covered and that is the rogue militia. the army school that argues -- it's an excellent example and the militia could wear down the british army and it was very effective. and yet this is perpetuated by the patriots. he's watching a co

he says on more than one occasion if only we had something like the royal navy.ly coming at this because it provides the british with mobility so washington thought about moving up the hudson. but it was more to intercept how. he was counting on skyler in washington was much more focused but had he gone up the hudson washington would have been compelled to follow. >> it would have been very interesting to see what the military results would have been with something like that. great question. host: this is a complement from a member of our audience. david says your book is excellent. i will be using it on age of the hudson this summer as a guide in the campaign with your accounts of the battle. and that is the finest i have read. thank you. >> i made my week. >> greetings from troy a new york as a lifelong hudson valley resident with an interesting presentation and to be complementary. something that we have not covered with the role of militia. as the people who emphasized with the british defeat and then they argue a lot of military battles in your account is an

is o further amended royal navy loads shifts plan -- let me go back for second. plan is to vote on shifts take his army by c and ultimately fail going up the chesapeake bay philadelphia so that's his plan. fairly straightforward but obviously thosetf are two very different plans and it's up to jermaine to coordinate these plans. he's got how to the left and burgoyne to the right. the problem is tearing since, there are 3000 miles between london and new york. he got commander-in-chief new york 3000 miles away, burgoyne and jermaine and arthur in london so when you've got messages that can take two to three months to go back and forth across the atlantic, it makes it very difficulter to coordinate a campaign. especially when you have decision-makers in london and new york city so that's what really leads to the major problem trying to coordinate these two plans and of course ultimately what happens and we can't get into the detail here in the short c time we have but ultimately is communications will be model, misunderstanding and confusion will take place and basi

has required dating back to the launch of the royal navy's first nuclear submarine over 60 years ago. together, with the other opportunities from aukus, creating hundreds of highly skilled jobs across the u.k. including scotland and the midlands, taking forward this driving purpose of leveling up across the whole country. we will have a new opportunity to reinforce britain place as the leading edge of science and technology, strengthening our national expertise and most significantly, the u.k., australia and the u.s. will be joined even more closely together. reflecting the measure of trust between us. the depth of our friendship and the enduring strength of our shared values of freedom and democracy. only a handful of countries possess nuclear powered submarines. and it is a momentous decision for any nation to acquire this capability. and perhaps equally momentous for any other state to come to its aid. australia is one of our oldest friends. a kindred nation and a fellow democracy and a natural partner in this enterprise. now, the u.k. will embark on this project alongside our alli

it's certainly the agenda of the royal navy to have what they call a blue water ability, the abilityn that is contested, that's strategically significant, where britain itself perceives interest, so i don't think the americans suggesting britain keeps its nose out is going to go down very well. stefanie, the french were certainly put off the scent. they say that only on the day aukus was announced, the message came back from canberra, "yeah, we are very happy with progress so far on this deal". how is it going down in the rest of europe? what impact might it have? i think europe definitely was a bit of collateral damage. it was interesting to see, as far as i know, that the fact that this was a really secretly negotiated deal was not rejected, that allegation, in sydney. so the french president obviously, he is also in a very awkward space because he's facing election next year, and the french also felt let down by the europeans, because the european commission for a day or a two did not say a word, and then finally ursula von der leyen came out and said, also, this is a disappointme

trenton princeton campaign that washington conducted against him so he uses the mobility of the royal navy brother commanded the navy and he loved his troops on ships and his plan -- let me go back a second. his plan is to load on ships and take his army by c and ultimately they will end up going up the chesapeake bay land south of philadelphia and march on philadelphia so that's plan. again, fairly straightforward but obviously those are two very different plans and it's up to jermaine to coordinate these plans. there's jermaine in the center and he's got how on the left. the problem of course is a tyranny of difference. there's 3000 miles between london and new york and commander-in-chief in new york 3000 miles away. for jermaine and the king was sitting there in london so when you got messages that can take two to three months to go back and forth across the atlantic, it makes it very difficult to coordinate a campaign. especially when you have decision-makers in london and in new york city so that is what leads the major problem trying to courtney these two plans and of course ultimate

is not commander craig and he has been given the rank by i and he has been given the rank by the royal navyindeed. it _ what i presume you agreed. thank you very much indeed. it is _ what i presume you agreed. thank you very much indeed. it is really _ very much indeed. it is really interesting to talk to you because it is a really full set of front pages there with lots of politics, of course for everyone and much more coming up. thank you very much indeed for that and that is it for the papers this evening, sport is coming up next. this is the latest from the bbc sport centre. not long to wait until europe and america tee off at the the opening ceremony in wisconsin with both captains making the speeches, you�*re on the defending champions and their the speeches, europe on the defending champions and their opponents heavily fancied and facing questions over the team spirit. relaxed and ready to go. if europe�*s players are feeling any nerves, well, judging by the team photo, you would hardly have guessed that. but then spirit is their speciality. they�*ve won four of the past five ryder c

draw on the expertise that the uk has acquired over generations dating back to the launch of the royal navy's submarine over 60 years ago. together with the other opportunities from aukus, creating hundreds of highly skilled jobs across the united kingdom, including in scotland, the north of england and the mid—lives, taking forward this government's professor of leavening up —— purpose of. we will have an opportunity to reinforce written�*s place, strengthening expertise and perhaps most significantly, the uk, australia and the us will be joined significantly, the uk, australia and the us will bejoined even more closely together. reflecting the measure of trust between us. the depth of our friendship and strength of our shared values of freedom and democracy. 0nly of our shared values of freedom and democracy. only a handful of countries possess nuclear powered submarines, and it is a momentous decision for any nation to acquire this formidable capability, and perhaps equally momentous for any other state to come to its aid. but australia is one of our oldest friends. a kindred nation and a

the royal navy's role aircraft character has been flagged there , proof of the increasing importanceregion and the focus for this new defense agreement. what is the threat? china is the rising power in the region, not just an economic giant but a mitary one too. it's armed forces are modernizing. it now has the world's largest navy. it has staked its claim to oceans, fortifying islands outside its own territorial waters. this new pact announced in an appeance by the leaders of the austria, ok, and u.s. is all about china coming even though it did not mention it by name. pres. biden: you all recognize the imperative of ensuring peace and stability in the indo pacific over the long-term. we need to address both the current strategic environment in the region and how it may evolve. correspondent: as to what is the pact it starts with sharing the most sentive of stealth technologies. britain and america will help australihold a fleet of new nuclear powered submarines. >> the house will understand how australia's future possession of this capability will help to safeguard the peace and se

do and the royal navy. 75- to 150 people is not-— and the royal navy. 75- to 150 --eole is not. ,, ~nse to be — people is not. do you think it makes sense to be using _ people is not. do you think it makes sense to be using military _ people is not. do you think it makesj sense to be using military personnel in this situation?— in this situation? yes, i do. in the 80s and 90s, _ in this situation? yes, i do. in the 80s and 90s, we _ in this situation? yes, i do. in the 80s and 90s, we went _ in this situation? yes, i do. in the 80s and 90s, we went through i in this situation? yes, i do. in the 80s and 90s, we went through a l 80s and 90s, we went through a period using military to help out. all sorts of strikes. a gynt of the day, we the taxpayer, spend over £40 billion a year. we have a very capable people. in my mind, there was no reason why we shouldn't be using them for these sorts of events. their primary purpose is preparing to deploy operations around the world, but there are lots of people based in the uk who are ready to do this, and it's part of the civil contingency proce

the royal navy's new aircraft carrier's been flying the flag there, on exercise with the us and alliesng importance of the region, and the focus for this new defence agreement. so what is the threat? china is the rising power in the region — notjust an economic giant, but a military one too. its armed forces are modernising. it now has the world's largest navy. it's staked its claim to oceans, fortifying islands well outside its own territorial waters. this new pact, announced in a carefully choreographed for lucrative defence contracts. the plan is to build this new fleet of submarines in australia, but the government here hopes it will boost britain's defence industry and create jobs. but this wider defence pact has already angered both an ally in france and a powerful rival in the region. france, which had hoped to build the submarines, has called the deal "a stab in the back". but china sees it as more of a threat. translation: cooperation between the united states, the uk and australia over nuclear submarines has seriously undermined regional peace and stability, intensified the a

the royal navy's new aircraft carrier's been flying the flag there, on exercise with the us and allies of the increasing importance of the region, and the focus for this new defence agreement. so what is the threat? china is the rising power in the region — notjust an economic giant, but a military one too. its armed forces are modernising. it now has the world's largest navy. it's staked its claim to oceans, fortifying islands well outside its own territorial waters. this new pact, announced in a carefully choreographed appearance by the leaders of australia, the uk and the us, is all about china, even though they didn't mention it by name. we all recognise the imperative of ensuring peace and stability in the indo—pacific over the long term. we need to be able to address both the current strategic environment in the region and how it may evolve. as to what is the pact, it starts with sharing the most sensitive of stealth technologies. britain and america will help australia build a fleet of new nuclear—powered, though not nuclear—armed, submarines. the house will understand how austr

the royal navy's new aircraft carrier's been flying the flag there, on exercise with the us and allies — proof of the increasing importance of the region, and the focus for this new defence agreement. so what is the threat? china is the rising power in the region — notjust an economic giant, but a military one too. its armed forces are modernising. it now has the world's largest navy. it's staked its claim to oceans, fortifying islands well outside its own territorial waters. this new pact, announced in a carefully choreographed appearance by the leaders of australia, the uk and the us, is all about china, even though they didn't mention it by name. we all recognise the imperative of ensuring peace and stability in the indo—pacific over the long term. we need to be able to address both the current strategic environment in the region and how it may evolve. as to what is the pact, it starts with sharing the most sensitive of stealth technologies. britain and america will help australia build a fleet of new nuclear—powered, though not nuclear—armed, submarines. the house will understand h

the royal navy's an aircraft carrier has been flying the flag bearer.cise at the us and allies. proof of the increasing importance of the region, and the focus for this new defence agreement. so what is the focus for this new defence agreement. so what is that that's four china is the rising power in the region, notjust an economic giant, but a military one too. it's not our prices are modernising, now has the right as navy. fortifying islands well outside its own territorial waters. this new pact announcing in a carefully choreographed appearance by the leaders of the strata, you can the us is all about china, even though they didn't mention it by name. we though they didn't mention it b name. ~ ., though they didn't mention it b name. ~ . , by name. we all recognise the imperative _ by name. we all recognise the imperative of _ by name. we all recognise the imperative of ensuring - by name. we all recognise the imperative of ensuring peace i imperative of ensuring peace and stability in the end of pacific— and stability in the end of pacific over the

military build—up in the region and that is one reason why, for example at the moment, you have a royal navyds and you can be pretty sure they will not welcome this. many thanks, jonathan beale, our defence correspondent. it is exactly a month since the taliban swept to power in afghanistan and declared the country an islamic emirate. as the international community grapples with the scale of the change, how are things changing in afghanistan under taliban rule? our correspondent secunder kermani and camera journalist malik mudassir sent report from one of afghanistan's largest cities, mazar—i—sharif. crossing into the islamic emirate, a cargo train from uzbekistan. this is now passport control. the taliban even have their own stamps. an hour's drive away, the city of mazar—i—sharif. on the surface, life appears to be continuing as normal, though many are suffering, with a shortage of cash in banks. this was the blue mosque, the city's cultural heart, shortly before the taliban takeover last month. now the group have allocated separate visiting times for men and women. some are still coming,

the royal navy's new aircraft carrier's been flying the flag there, on exercise with the us and alliesus for this new defence agreement. so what is the threat? china is the rising power in the region — notjust an economic giant, but a military one too. its armed forces are modernising. it now has the world's largest navy. it's staked its claim to oceans, fortifying islands well outside its own territorial waters. this new pact, announced in a carefully choreographed appearance by the leaders of australia, the uk and the us, is all about china, even though they didn't mention it by name. we all recognise the imperative of ensuring peace and stability in the indo—pacific over the long term. we need to be able to address both the current strategic environment in the region and how it may evolve. as to what is the pact, it starts with sharing the most sensitive of stealth technologies. britain and america will help australia build a fleet of new nuclear—powered, though not nuclear—armed, submarines. the house will understand how australia's future possession of this capability will help to

and it is| certainly the agenda of the royal navy to have what they called a blue water ability, theits nose out is going to go down ve well. . . its nose out is going to go down very well-— its nose out is going to go down ve well. . . . very well. stefanie, the french were certainly put — very well. stefanie, the french were certainly put off— very well. stefanie, the french were certainly put off descent. _ very well. stefanie, the french were certainly put off descent. they - very well. stefanie, the french were certainly put off descent. they say l certainly put off descent. they say only on the date aukus it was announced the message came back from canberra, yeah, we are very happy with progress so far on this deal. how is it going down in the rest of europe? what impact might it have? i europe? what impact might it have? i think europe definitely was a bit of collateral— think europe definitely was a bit of collateral damage, it was interesting to see as far as i know that the _ interesting to see as far as i know that the fact that this was a really secretly negotiated deal,

bae systems already builds the royal navy submarines and rolls—royce, the nuclear reactors.st this defence partnership is not a response to any one country, but about stability and security in the indo pacific, it will not be welcomed by china. jonathan beale, bbc news. the uk defence secretary ben wallace said australia's move wasn't about antagonising anyone. china is embarking on one of the biggest military spends and military investments in history. it is growing its navy, air force, at a huge rate. extremely fast. obviously, it is engaged in some controversial areas, in disputed areas, we've seen in the south china sea, the taiwan straits, are areas that we often see in our media where there is stress. china is also in dispute with some of its neighbours like vietnam and philippines, on fishing grounds, etc. we have seen that. that is china, that is what they are doing at the moment. it's right that the united kingdom alongside other allies such as australia, stand up for the rules —based system and the international law and that is why we don't recognise some of the cl

the royal navy's new aircraft carrier has been flying the flag there, on exercise with the us and allies the rising power in the region — notjust an economic giant, but a military one too. its armed forces are modernising, it now has the world's largest navy, it has staked its claim to oceans, fortifying islands well outside its own territorial waters. this new pact, announced in a carefully choreographed appearance by the leaders of australia, the uk and the us, is all about china, even though they didn't mention it by name. irate they didn't mention it by name. we all they didn't mention it by name. e all recognise the imperative of ensuring peace and stability in the indo—pacific over the long term. we need to be able to address both the current strategic environment in the region and how it may evolve. figs current strategic environment in the region and how it may evolve. has to region and how it may evolve. as to what is the — region and how it may evolve. as to what is the pact. — region and how it may evolve. as to what is the pact, it _ region and how it may evolve. as to what is

and the uk that will eventually equip australia's royal navy with nuclear powered submarines. china's foreign ministry slammed the new agreement as destabilizing and irresponsible. in europe, paris is feeling betrayed by the new tri-lateral partnership because it had a multibillion-dollar deal with australia for a complete of diesel electric subs. when australia announced it was terminating that agreement, france's foreign minister called it a stab in the back. it puts u.s. officials on the defensive as they try to justify the new agreement. >> we will significantly deepen our cooperation on a range of security and defense priorities. including by strengthening our joint capabilities and interoperability in a number of key areas. cyber, ai, quantum technologies. additional underseas capabilities. we'll also work to sustain and deepen information and technology sharing between our countries and we'll foster a deeper integration of security and defense-related science, technology, industrial bases and supply chains. >> the french embassy in washington had planned a big event to

draw on the expertise that the uk has acquired over generations dating back to the launch of the royal navy's first nuclear submarine over 60 years ago. and together with the other opportunities from aucus creating hundreds of highly skilled jobs across the united kingdom including in scotland, the north of england, taking forward this government's driving purpose of leveling up across the whole country. we will have a new opportunity to reinforce britain's place at the leading edge of science and technology strengthening our national expertise and perhaps most significantly the uk, australia, and the u.s. will be joined even more closely together. reflecting the measure of trust between us, the depth of our friendship and the enduring strength of our shared values of freedom and democracy. only a handful of countries possess nuclear-powered submarines. and it is a momentous decision for any nation to acquire this formidable capability. now the uk will embark on this project alongside our allies, making the world safer and generating jobs across our united kingdom. thank you. over to you, mr.

is our shared ambition to support australia, acquiring nuclear powered submarines for the royal australian navy. we're now in barking on a trilateral effort to identify the best way to deliver that capability. i wanna emphasize that there is no regional divide, separating the interest of our atlantic and our pacific partners. this partnership with australian, the united kingdom, is a signal that we're committed to working with our allies and partners, including in europe, to ensure a free and open in the pacific. we welcome european countries playing an important role in the, in the, you know, specific. we look forward to continue close cooperation with nato, with the european union and others in this endeavor. france in particular, is a vital partner on this and so many other issues stretching back generations. and we want to find every opportunity to deepen our transatlantic cooperation in the pacific and around the world. our discussions did reflect how the alliance between australian, united states, goes far beyond. our military ties deep and as important as they are. or economic relationsh

remember as the royal australian navy that decided they wanted the nuclear submarines right. and the diesel electric summaries there wasn't a unilateral u. s. decision in to france is not part of the military alliance of native for the political nato lines. charles de gaulle pulled france out of the military alliance . but right after world war 2. so are people going to see this being an example of the u. s. perfectly probably not, because the australians again are the customer party and the u. s. is merely and the care a merely vendors, the nato was still going to look and wait and see where us actions and match up with us words. but i think in the final analysis, what's really going to matter is how well the u. s. and how consistent the u. s. is in defending its nato allies, whether it's a eastern europe or our allies in asia with regard to china or allies in the middle east. if the u. s. starts to falter in any one of those places. that would be the probably, maybe the death knell of us credibility for quite some time. well, and i think that's what the question is up there

the royal australian navy ability to combat various kinds of under the warfare opperation in folk try to see a region especially now that. ready there is increasing tension between china and australia. so china is what you're very closely. the next steps i'll do this free country alliance. trying what do you make of the what some calling an aggressive storms coming from australia earlier this year. the former defense minister christopher pine, he said that a wall with china was likely within 5 to 10 years. can you see that happening? i use you don't have the biggest trailer really need china in the economy. the economy, highly complimentary. you look at the home, how many raw materials, australia ship to try to do it because loser to operate a war between australia to china and china is well when the, when the former chinese defense minister said that australia will be dragged into a confrontation with china that might suggest a bit of reluctance, perhaps on australia's part. what do you think professor? i think that you'd like to be the case on the surface. we see that the u. s. and

may take up to a decade or more before they actually acquire this sort of capability for the royal australian navyheless, it's a clear signal of intent that australia is stepping up its role in the region. haidi: what will be the diplomatic reaction from china, especially when it comes to building its own alliances? herve: it's interesting. we will have to see what will happen now. there's no way this would have happened without china. china will see it as a form of escalation, obviously. the way that australia and the united states will see it is that they are responding in a proportionate manner to china's growing power, to its assertiveness, to ask expands and isham in the south china sea. every story has two sides to this. there's no denying that this will escalate great power competition in the region. it's all the more important therefore that the u.k., u.s., and australia were so keen to emphasize that this was not an acquisition of nuclear weapons for australia, but this would be eventually armed submarines that would be nuclear powered. that does serve to clarify and potentially also reas

bae systems already builds the royal navy submarines and rolls—royce, the nuclear reactors.s insist this defence partnership is not a response to any one country, but about stability and security in the indo pacific, it will not be welcomed by china. jonathan beale, bbc news. a british woman, found guilty of lying about an attack whilst on holiday in cyprus, is hoping to have her conviction overturned when the case goes before the country's supreme court later. the unnamed woman told police she had been raped by a group of 12 israeli men in ayia napa two years ago, before retracting the allegation. her lawyers have described her conviction as unsafe. poor quality housing in england is causing thousands of deaths every year, according to a new report from the centre for ageing better. the charity has called on the government to give more attention to the millions of homes falling below decent living standards. the ministry of housing says it's working hard to improve the quality of homes across england. the first space mission in history to be crewed entirely by amateur astro

in may, the uk sent two royal navy vessels to jersey as french fishermen staged a protest outside thehuge anger in some quarters. the regional leader in brittany said it was unacceptable and there have been calls for the eu to retaliate. what the uk and jersey are saying is that they have worked this out within the rules of the brexit trade agreement and that it's fair but they are open to further discussions on the issue. there is some suspicion behind the scenes in brussels that britain is playing politics with the timing of the announcement, perhaps designed to distract from recent bad headlines back home but uk government sources absolutely deny that. as for the european commission, they want to see the full methodology for how this has all been worked out. so this is a development in the post brexit fishing rights row but certainly not the end of it. jessica parker there in brussels. a trip to the pub or strong could be more expensive this weekend because of changes to vat. the rate was cut during the pandemic to support the hospitality industry but businesses will now have to pa

on every element, also, more broadly, the impact on the operational independence much the royal australian navyy in the asian pacific. this deal announced, the secrecy with the french who are understandably agrieved as how it has been handled. but also, with the inld indonesian foreign minister, but a question on the peace and stability as well. >> my question was your expertise on china i know you have been interpreting what president xi is after, crown jewels, like alibaba, the education sector and now potentially letting one of the biggest property developers fail. what are they up to? >> you are right to point out there has been a flurry of economic decisions in recent times going back to the opposition to alibaba last year. it has been a hectic 12 months in "the wall street journal" it was along these lines, from my analysis there seem to be two or three driving factors. one is ideology. xi want to brings out greater quality, he is less supportive of the billionaire class and on top of that, the sector has a more decisive play in the future than the private future. also demographic and inc

well that as french fishermen staged that protest back in may, the uk government deployed to—macro royal navyke it will rumble on for a little while yet. in terms of relationships between paris and london, another tense moment and there have been a few recently. fight; there have been a few recently. any sensor may — there have been a few recently. any sensor may be more protest by fishermen over this? — is any sense there may be. fishermen over this? - is any sense there may be— fishermen over this? - is any sense there may be. there is a huge amount of anuer. there may be. there is a huge amount of anger- some _ there may be. there is a huge amount of anger. some political— there may be. there is a huge amount of anger. some political figures i of anger. some politicalfigures feel the fishing industry is paying the price for brexit and they feel very unhappy. there was a suggestion last night from one french politician that french fishermen were being held hostage by the british in this situation. there is a suspicion in brussels, in terms of the uk government announcement, it is cynically t

when the duke of edinburgh prince philip died in april, we heard many tributes to his work as a royal navy most of us. the royaljournalist robert hardman, who wrote and co—produced this documentary, joins us now. you really do get an insight into the personality and we have talked so much about him but i do think we learn more, don't we? knife so much about him but i do think we learn more, don't we?— learn more, don't we? we really do because we — learn more, don't we? we really do because we have _ learn more, don't we? we really do because we have the _ learn more, don't we? we really do because we have the people - learn more, don't we? we really do because we have the people who i learn more, don't we? we really do i because we have the people who knew him best and they all loved him dearly. there were so many fascinating stories. i think we all heard a great deal about every aspect of his life and so many people were amazed by all the things he had done, which we heard at the time of his funeral. to hear it from the family, a whole new side of him, it is wonderful stuff. hour the fam