so in rue rwanda, you had this crisis situation, you had a malignant leader. you had an incident where the plane of the president was shot down. and then you had a radio station that been around. it was the hip station. it played the best music. it told the funniest jokes. it had political commentary, and this once the plane came down, it became more and more version targeting one particular group for eye nailuation. blaming then for the problems in rue rwanda particularly for shooting down the plane of the president, painting them as they said the invader. soiling the land, and the worst part of it that really gets people to kill the other is that if you don't kill them first, they're going to kill you. across all genocides it's there. when the message is coming through the rtlm, which is the radio station in rwanda, it was one message, not countered by other mass media. rwanda is a heavy reading society as much as it's an audio society. it listened to a lot of radio. people got these metsz angs over and over again along with the hip messages of joke and grea

bossbosnia had the forces required that rue dwan did not have. -- rwanda did not have. [inaudible] it was a different kind the europeans had deployed troops through the u.n. peace keeping and subsequently through nato. they were leading the army was rather fin i can and -- [inaudible] as peace keeping. upon the governments. there's another aspect of peace keeping, we do not prepare the population for the possibility that there could be risks. and we keep the impression is always risk free. when you get in to these situations where people are killed or taken hostage, the population gets upset and the politicians panic enough and say brick the boys home. so that weakness in the peace keeping operation, if it's a national effort, they don't do that. they take the casualties and the effect sometime even reinforce the troops so they can get the work done. but in bosnia, what had happened was at one stage when it became clear that firm action needed to be taken against bosnia, the governments with troops on the ground, mainly the european government did not want to use their