s interrogation techniques from secretary of state colin powell and secretary of defense donald rumsfeld. there are c.i.a. records stating that colin powell wasn't told about the program at first because there were concerns that -- and i quote -- "powell would blow his stack if he were briefed." source, email from john rizzo dated july 31, 2003. c.i.a. records clearly indicate and definitively that after he was briefed on the detainee abu grab you'da the c.i.a. didn't tell president bush about the full nature of the e.i.t.'s until april of 2006.

people have their opinions on rumsfeld, but he understands the mechanics in a way, gates and rumsfeld are the only two that have their hands -- they served in a different way so that that's what made him what the white house claims they want is a more hands on secretary. what will be an interesting relationship is carter is not a shrinking violet. i'm told they hope he is a bull in a china shop. there is no limits and there is going to be no pressure like that. let's see how it works. we have three secretaries who all in one way or another have complained about dealing with the security. gates, panetta and hagel. will carter be joining them? that will be something to watch. >> he seems well versed in the financials of the pentagon which is underreported. >> he has to be able to shuffle money. that's the important part. being the job in many ways was the coo before. he was the chief operating officer understanding how the money is spent and weapons systems are built and deployed. that's why he is going to be able to maneuver quite well. whether he is a public face i think is an open qu

colin powell and donald rumsfeld weren't briefed until a year after the program started. there was a sophisticated plan to keep ambassadors from knowing when they were in the country. but also kept away from top officials. this is part of the committee's argument that the cia intentionally misled congress and the administration. of course, the cia says that wasn't their call. they were blaming the white house. >> so with, you know, definitely this outrage today, you have to hear from president bush who, again, sat down, spoke with candy crowley over the weekend defending the cia. here he was. >> we're fortunate to have men and women who work hard at the cia, serving on our behalf. these are patriots. and whatever the report says, if it diminishes their contributions to our country, it is way off base. and i knew the directors, i knew the deputy directors. you know, i knew a lot of the operators. these are good people, really good people. and we're lucky as a nation to have them. >> so he's saying these are good people. i read a quote from dick cheney, i believe, i'm rough

at the end of the day, as they say, the buck stops with george bush and barack obama, with donald rumsfeldo on and so forth with the civil leadership in the united states. and that's why this is going to be important not only for what it shows the cia has done, but for the kind of political authorization that was extended by those in power in the united states. >> okay. well that report due to be released in what, an hour and a half's time, thank you very much indeed for that. >>> now the last-known french hostage in the world is free today after being kidnapped in molly three years ago. he was captured in 2011 by al-qaeda's north african arm. the french president says he is in relatively good health despite the conditions of his captivity. >> translator: our hostage, our last hostage is free. i just heard the good news from niger's president who will be making a statement when surge arrived. and i would like to thing him, and mali's president who invested himself a lot in helping us free our hostage. >> jackie is in paris and joins us now. what more do we know about his release? >> report

. >> there and von rumsfeld -- baron von rumsfeld. a perfect prussian general. lot of this stuff, you know? >> yeah. [laughter] >> oh, and of course -- what's wrong with me? [laughter] [applause] i take issue with your supposition that there is no common thread. you think they are all different, wonderfully individualistic. >> i know you can prove me wrong. >> i'm about to do that. >> with hat do you see? talk about sleight-of-hand. >> does anybody remember goldman meyer? [laughter] then you just add some hair. [laughter] and applause] a bit more hair. >> ok, ok. [applause] >> wonderful great. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> every sunday 8:00 p.m. and midnight, you can learn from leading historians about president and first lady ladies, their policies and legacies. to watch any of our programs or check our schedule, issued c-span.org/history. you are watching american history tv. >> each week, american history tv brings you archival film that helps to tell the story of the 20th century. >>

secretary rums felled authorised -- rumsfeld authorised several methods. at the bottom of the memo he questions why making the detainees stand in stress positions was off limits saying "i stand eight to 10 hours a day." in question detainees the c.i.a. used confinement in a box, sleep depravation and waterboarding, a technique in which the subject is made to feel that they are drawn. the self-professed architect of inch was water boarded 183 teems. another al qaeda operative was water boarded 83 times. >> these enhanced interrogation techniques were modelled after what the chinese used in the korean war to elicit false confessions. it shows you the craziness that happened after 9/11. >> so what kind of twisted legal manoeuvring took place within the bush administration that ultimately led to a justification of the enhanced methods? >> well, you need to begin with the base lines, that we had laws that prohibited torture. the intent of the enhanced interrogation techniques isn't to inflilent harm and suffering, question. >> in 2003, the culture at gitmo made

he is also the author of the trial of donald rumsfeld: a prosecution by book.tin garbus is also back with us. one of leading attorneys in the the u.s. time magazine calls him "one of the best trial lawyers in the country," while the national law journal has named him one of the country's top ten litigators. welcome back to democracy now! yesterday we were talking about cuba. today we're talking about all of the news coming out. george w. bush, donald rumsfeld, dick cheney, put on trial for torture? >> they should be. the bad thing is they have the defense of the lawyers opinions given to them, the opinions of gonzales, john yoo, and unless you can hears those decisions, you have a tough time. a prosecution that ends badly might not be one that we sought, whenhat should happen is the election happen to the court of appeals and nominated and voted on, and john yoo currently teachesat -- john yoo at berkeley. at the time he was appointed, there was a massive them nation against -- massive demonstration against him. you did not yet have the information. senator lea

this is cheney and rumsfeld's tactics.dially deflect the question, which is a solid question which they simply cannot answer. they immediately deflected to the other side of the equation. whether it is the ticking time bomb argument, which is a stupid argument if you really parse it well, or whether it is, as cheney did here, that 75% were guilty and any one of those might have done something and so i was good at what i did. amoral cheney.. what i wish the interrogator of cheney had looked at is, we know positively that a minimum -- and i suspect it is higher -- of 39 people died in the interrogation process. why does no one ever mentioned that? we also know that in some of those cases, the military or civilian corner involved found the cause of that death to be homicide. the most famous case, alex "taxi in his documentary to the dark side" is known about, but even that has been forgotten about. we murdered people who we were interrogating. isn't that the ultimate torture? no one ever asks dick about that. >> that number,

we can recall even when secretary of defense don rumsfeld was essentially fired by president george h.w. busbush -- w bush, i'm sorry, he and his predecessor appeared together at the white house, rumsfeld and gates. so there's a long tradition of the outgoing and incoming appearing together even if it's a very awkward situation it shows a smooth peaceful transition to everyone, especially to the troops. that said, i think it will pass very quickly. carter will very quickly assemble a transition tame. he'll probably work in a small private office on that transition and be ready to move the minute he's confirmed by the senate. we are all speculate his challenges will be, what he's going to deal with. remember, when chuck hagel went through confirmation, nobody talked about isis. when don rumsfeld went through confirmation, nobody talked really about al qaeda, nobody could even fathom 9/11, going way back when dick cheney went through confirmation as defense secretary, nobody really talked, nobody speculated, nobody thought saddam hussein would invade kuwait. the mark of a defense secretar

he gives donald rumsfeld no concessions at all. it is a different kind of experience.o not get that cathartic confession. it is a must a better movie because of it. it raises the ire. >> i saw that movie and i missed that catharsis, i missed the moment. you feel like you are wrestling with a slippery snake. >> it is almost more satisfying cinematically. >> number four on your list, "selma." a movie i have not seen, but it has generated controversy. >> it is unacceptable to keep us voiceless. >> this is strongest when it looks like these political maneuverings. it is really less about the big speeches and the big moments. it is more about the kind of machinations to make it happen. why they chose their targets why that was the place that made the stand initially. how they put pressure on johnson. the best parts -- the movie is not perfect, but that was very good. >> a lot of lbj allies have pushed back on the movie and said that lbj has been portrayed in a negative light. what is your view? >> i think he is portrayed fairly. the movie gets across very well how he resist

rumsfeld will say we couldn't take a chance because he was getting closer and closer to our overflights. that's now the resize erevised it, and rumsfeld now is saying, intelligence, boy, when colin powell went to the u.n., that kind of told us those were not facts. that's what passes for intelligence. there's a lot of sliding away from it from people who were in fact thought he was a grave threat from the moment they arrived in this administration. they had him in their crosshairs. the other thing, having been in there a lot, two things became very clear to me, first of all, the country was a lot more broke than they thought it was. it was going to be really hard once we took control to try to make it work again. the second thing was there was a complete misinterpretation about the sunnis and shiite and how they would fight each other. he was a sunni. shiite, larger population. i went out to a shiite university. this was a month before the war began. and ditched my minder and had 1,000 kids who were sitting, the american culture, listening to voa and they were all about john denver, and

fired chuck hagel shortly after the midterms, but rumsfeld was pretty much the face of the iraq war.retary hagel is a well-known figure, but it hasn't been in the job for that long, or really made a splash or had a huge public imprint. so i don't think it is going to change the american's perception of the president's handling of foreign policy, and i can tell you, when it comes to that area, the polls have been plummeting in that area. >> yeah, not a lot of confidence when it comes to president obama's recent handling of foreign policy as you say, patty. what sort of personal relationship can we expect between the president and the secretary of defense? >> secretary hagel has a very long-standing relationship with president obama. but the president wasn't happy with his performance. but ashton carter we don't believe has any real relationship with the president. and that might prove one of the issues. the past three have said they have been micromanaged. they didn't feel like the president was listening to them. choosing instead to listen to his long-standing advisors, so without ha

the pressure that the intelligence community was under, particularly from ice president cheney and rumsfeldnd their aides who regularly went out to langley, virginia and demanded more information about possible attacks on the united states, about links to iraq which were never there and that does not excuse the conduct of cia officials. the other thing that is interesting in this report if there is anything encouraging and it, it is scattered in the footnotes. account after account of these guys in the field who were carrying this out or analyzing the intelligent saying we have problems here or -- all that was ignored at top levels boldly because of the political pressure they were under from the white house and the pentagon. how the two main reasons that people cited related, that intelligence assets overseas could be endangered and there might be generalized violence against the u.s. and properties of the u.s. around the world. what is your sense based on familiar to -- the miliary tee off what is in the report, are the concerns founded? rex we do not know. there is going to be violence.

that the intelligence community was under, particularly from vice president cheney and secretary rumsfeld their aides who went out to langley and demanded more information about possible attacks on the united states, about links to iraq, which were never there. and that does not excuse the conduct of cia officials. the other thing that is interesting in this report, if there's anything encouraging, is scattered in the footnotes, account after account of guys in the field who were analyzing the intelligence saying we have problems. all of that ignored at top levels probably because of political pressure they were under the white house and pentagon. >> the main reasons that people cited with a report not being released related to american intelligence that overseas could be in danger. the other that there could be more generalized violence against the united they. -- states. what is your sense based on your familiarity with one what was in the report? are those found it? >> we do not know. there were people beheaded in the last couple of months before this report came out. so violence is go

you see donald rumsfeld out of the loop. you see cia officers telling we're not going to tell collin powell because this would upset him. you have a management of this program that raises questions about the security process. >> you have a management of a secret program is that is ugly, that people don't to want talk about, that they are deliberately not trying to talk about. by the way, we have the same program right now in the drone program. the drone program, we kill people regularly. i appreciate what your guest was saying. when i say we, i meant we as the american establishment. >> the government, yeah. >> the government. the american government has a program droning people, that is just as problematic morally as the interrogation program. >> let me go to baher -- >> and many people are deliberately being kept out of the loop. >> that goes to espionage and clandestine operations. what should people make of this? what should be done now? >> i think people should recognize that there was, i would say, a criminal conspirac

secretary rumsfeld dismissed the information terrorists gave. with us, our panel . karen, anthony romero has suggested publicly that we must find out everything that happened in order to make a clean breast of it. the only way to do that is if the country pardons everyone who was involved in this. what do you make of that idea? >> i think it's talking about essentially having--using this report as a reconciliation committee in some way. what i would prefer probably is if you're going to pardon people, perhaps they should be indicted first. perhaps you could look at what laws they have broken. i think it's very important that we understand as a country what laws were broken, how they were broken, and therefore, how we might not go down this road again. i take his point. basically we've come this far, and maybe we should just give it up and have all the fax on the table, but i'm not quite there yet. >> you mentioned all the reports there, and of course there is another 3,000 pages to come. once it has been suggested and argued over and picked over is it important for

information on the techniques from secretary of state colin powell, and secretary of defense donald rumsfeld. there are cia records stating that colin powell wasn't told about the program at first, because there were concerns that, and i quote, powell would blow his stack if he were briefed. source, email from john rizzo, dated july 31, 2003. cia records clearly indicate and definitively that after he was briefed on the cia's first detainee, the cia didn't tell president bush about the full nature of the eit's until april 2006. that's what the records indicate. the cia similarly withheld information or provided false information to the cia inspector general during his conduct of a special review by the ig in 2004. incomplete and i inaccurate information from the cia was used in documents provided to the department of justice, and as a case us for president bush's speech on september 6th, 2006, in which he publicly acknowledged the cia program for the first time. in all of these cases, other cia officers acknowledged internally -- they acknowledged internally, that information the cia had pro

by the way, i was against it, senator rumsfeld ought to be fired., you call me the brave maverick. now when i said that obama is mishandling it, now he is the angry old man. i'm not sure which one i am now. >> stephen: let's talk about you and the age ree old man of chuck hagel who just got talked out the door by obama. you voted against hagel's confirmation as did i, at home, yelling at the screen. are you glad he's out? >> i think that chuck and by the way he is a friend and he's a distinguished american. he fought as an enlisted man during the vietnam war and i honor that. but he wasn't the right guy for the job. and it's pretty obvious that all the decisions are being made within a small group in the white house. >> so we need somebody who has got experience. you're here for the colbert bump. is this a trial balloon to be secretary of defense? >> actually i was thinking, actually i was thinking about running for president again, what do you think? you would have the full resources of the colbert report at your back in 2016. if it were still on t

is that as moynahan was coming in they brought in two other aids into this urban portfolio, don rumsfeld a republican administration to work on urban policy. >> well donald rumsfeld was a republ republic congressman from outside chicago and appointed to head the poverty program and actually did an excellent job, brought it on a new path, and brought two young men with him, one of them was dick cheney who had been a graduate student and applied for the job and got it and was a young assistant and stayed on, of course, in the white house when jerry ford took over and he became his chief of staff. so one thing leads to another thing in politics in life. >> thanks for your time today. >> you're very welcome. >> wee're going to wrap things p next. ♪ [ male announcer ] you wouldn't ignore signs of damage in your home. are you sure you're not ignoring them in your body? even if you're treating your crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, an occasional flare may be a sign of damaging inflammation. and if you ignore the signs, the more debilitating your symptoms could become. learn more about the

also, the supreme court decided roughly v bush in 2004, hamdi v rumsfeld in four, hamdan v rumsfeld in 2006 as well as boumadinev bush in 2008. all of which established that detainees were entitled to habeas corpus review and identified dish sis in the detainee treatment act and the military commissions act. by the time i had became vice chairman the, attorney general's holder's decision to reopen the criminal inquiry related to the interrogation of certain detainees in the c.i.a.'s interrogation program. this unfortunate decision deprived the committee of the ability to interview key witnesses who participated in the kaye program and essentially limited the study to the review of a cold documentary record. now, how can any credible investigation take place without interviewing witnesses? this is a 6,000-page report and not one single witness was ever interviewed in this study being done. this is a poor excuse for the time of oversight that the congress should be conducting. there is no doubt that the c.i.a.'s detention and celebration program which was hastily executed in the aftermat

would do this and the court and hague would indict president bush and dick cheny and secretary rumsfeldd specifically cia agents includingcsÑ burnsten on the list. >> i believe it is likely the icc at the hague would use elements of the senate to do indictment upons against the individuals and anyone who was identified is likely to be indicted. if that happens, we should never let another taxpayer dime go to the u.n. or icc and it would be a slap in the face of americans who tried to prevent terrorism. we are not signatories to the icc and any american, if you travel to a place that is a signatory, you could be taken into custody and taken over to the hague. >> unbelievable. talk about the the enhanced terrorism techniques. some say they don't work. you are involved in carrying out operations and you served overseas in afghanistan, do these techniques work or not? >> during the course of my career i worked with a lot of foreign services, for intelligence that use corosive methods successfully and i have seen countries that we work againstous them against us. all of that is a fantasy. th

harshest critics of the bush ministry should -- administration, called for the firing of donald rumsfeld. said we were going to fail. the surge succeeded. if you look at the number of attacks, the ability of al qaeda and others to respond, the country was under control. it was under control. if we had left the force behind to stabilize and keep the situation stable, we would have won that. i have been campaigning for president -- not president, for arson tutorial -- four senatorial candidates. there was an event. there was a man who said he was in the marine corps, in the second battle of falluja. it was the bloodiest battle of the conflict. we lost it is 6, 400 wounded. three of my platoon mates were killed. he said, now the black flag is about isis, flying over. what do i tell their mothers? i don't have a good answer. this is not a technical or scholastic issue. it's about american blood and treasure spent and succeeded thanks to one of the great military leaders in history. david betray us. we had -- petronius. you are going to see the same result in afghanistan. we had a meeting wit

. >> goes to the equipment questioned that secretary rumsfeld famously said but what i had is making it into the army that you need as fast as you can. >> you mentioned this in the book that your good friend brent scowcroft from bush 41 it -- he opposed the invasion and in iraq. would you have supported the iraq war? >> but i say in the last chapter in reflections that i don't know. it is hard for me to say if i abdicated 2003. five like a lot of people in the congress and most other countries in the world. they all accept the argument that there is weapons of mass destruction. intelligence services of russia and china. so in that speech that i referred to by said i supported the original decision. but i say in the book to the end there argued strongly against going to baghdad with the first goal for because to try to overthrow the regime would have meant occupy two-thirds of iraq than it would be our problem. so we were unanimous with a first bush administration to oppose the idea to go to baghdad. we tend not to get that criticism. but i argued the bill would make that same argumen

defense secretary donald rumsfeld once proclaimed seems as divided as the old one. the only difference is russia seems willing to throw its weight around, in places where it still wields power. >> up next, the new cold war continues as i go man on man with the person who helped end soviet >> my name is elenor and for the last 25 years i was bernie madoff's secretary. >> an unimaginable story of betrayal. >> they lived this incredible life. it just never occurred to me that they were living on the dime of the clients. >> greed... >> bernie was stealing every nickel but he wasn't trading anything. >> ... and entitlement. >> you took my grandchildren's future away from them. >> feu countries are more suspicious of russia's actions than poland. in 1980 a new independent trade union called solidarity led protests that challenged poland's communist regime. by 1990 poland was able to transition to democracy and pivot itself towards the u.s. and nato. a quarter century later, former polish president lech walesa says, his country is on the borderline with another cold war wi

and then defense secretary donald rumsfeld defended the treatment that same year. >> he is receiving medical care, and we intend to get everything out of him to prevent terrorist acts in the future. >> but the new report found that he never provided the information into which they were justified and approved and operatives in the united states. in 2006, president bush ordered all to be transferred to the prison at guantanamo bay. he is still there, he is bun of the highest profile prisoners there. >> and let's bring in the attorney for guantanamo detain tee, great to speak with you, first of all, were you interviewed the ever this report? no, as far as i know they didn't interview any council for the guys that were tortured. >> why not? is that furious to you. >> well, yeah. one would think if you were doing a report on c.i.a. torture, you would talk to the people that were tortured. i don't want to cast disburses on this report, this is by far the most comprehensive report they reviewed over 6 million pages of material, includes original contemporaneous records, this is the most com

it doesn't talk about the programs approved by donald rumsfeld.rtantly,more by focusing everything on the cia, it tends to kind of let off the hook all of those people above who authorized these programs. so we know that from president bush's own memoirs that he authorized waterboarding. by's president dick cheney, attorney general john nash croft , white house counsel alberto gonzales, these are all people who signed off on the authorization of these techniques, not to mention the lawyers, people like john yoo and jay bybee who gave the legal authorization for this. presidentu had obama's remarks in which he said it was important that this report be made public so that, hopefully, we won't make these mistakes again. these aren't mistakes. these are crimes. dianne feinstein, in her senate remarks, refer to the u.n. convention against torture, which says that torture can never be justified under any circumstance. well, that convention says something else. it says torture must be prosecuted. that when someone is alleged to of committed torture, the

chief hoff staff, congressman from illinois, don rumsfeld who brings him with him a completely unknown kid from wyoming as his assistant chief of staff, dick cheney. you have ford being brought in at the cia. they call it the ford foul ball dagues. so many will go to work for ronald reagan or george bush and they say they really learned their craft under president ford. >> i appreciate that. >> thank you. >> yes, sir. >> spiro agnew has to resign. >> he did. >> who championed jerry ford to be vice president? >> very good question. the list is long. the first question who championed him was mel laird. melvin laird who was a congressman from michigan and nixon's secretary of defense knew gerry ford very well. and he said -- by the way, this entire list everything they say to nixon is the same thing -- he will be confirmed. because nixon doesn't b want ford. ford. nixon wants john connolly. he wants john connolly the secretary of the treasury and would split with the democratic party. nixon feels a kinship with connolly. he wants connolly to run in 1976. everybody comes to him and says jo

defense secretary donald rumsfeld once proclaimed seems as divided as the old one. the only difference is russia seems willing to throw its weight around, in places where it still wields power. >> up next, the new cold war continues as i go man on man with the person who helped end soviet >>on tech know, the agricultural community is in crisis. >> more prolonged drought could become the new normal >> desperate for solutions >> we can make clean drinking water just using the sun >> conservation, science and hope... >> the snow is really a critical resource... >> tech know's team of experts show you how the miracles of science... >> this is my selfie, what can you tell me about my future? >> can effect and surprise us... >> sharks like affection >> tech know, where technology meets humanity only on al jazeera america >> feu countries are more suspicious of russia's actions than poland. in 1980 a new independent trade union called solidarity led protests that challenged poland's communist regime. by 1990 poland was able to transition to democracy and pivot itself towar

the authorized technique from the torture memo of 2002, and then donald rumsfeld defended the treatment that same year. >> he is receiving medical care, and we intend to get every single thing out of him to prevent terrorist attacks in the future. >> reporter: but the new report found that he never provided information that the enhanced interrogation techniques were justified and approved. >> in 2006 president obama ordered all detainees in c.i.a. can custody to be transferred to guantanamo. he's still at guantanamo and he's one of the highest profiled detainee there is. >> thank you. i spoke to his attorney. despite the report referencing zub ata 1000 times, neither he nor other attorneys for the detainees were interviewed for the report. >> one would think if you were doing a report on c.i.a. torture you would talk to the people that the c.i.a. tortured. i don't want to cast disburses on this report. they reviewed over 6 million pages of material, including original contemp contemporaneous material. >> what is your reaction to former vice president cheney saying that he expected the r

report are with the bush administration and there are names, george tenet who authorized torture, rumsfeld authorized torture at gitmo, george w. bush and dick cheney, with those names live on in infamy? >> absolutely. the senate torture report tars them big time. and they say it didn't tell the white house what it does. we know early that the cia knew it was engaging in torture and wanted a pass, they went to justice department and they said no, and that's what sthey startd crafting opinions to justify the unjustifiable but what the report doesn't get into it is how cheney was driving this, twisting the law, basically becoming kplaccomplices in crim instead teaching at berkeley. >> because of the way the report was written, george had a window to say i had no idea. he has taken full ownership of that. were you surprised by that reaction? >> the other thing i find dis disinagadisi disinagainiodisi disingenuos says he wasn't briefed. i think that doesn't show the role of the white house. particularly cheney operating with bush's sanction to drive this, to push the cia to adopt the terrorist

some won't be happy until bush, cheney and rumsfeld will have their day at the hey, this is also fantasyesident obama decided not to go after the administration early on. here's the simple truths, one, american tortured, two nobody is held responsible. >> and let's not forget cia director was given the presidential medal of freedom, little did we know he was in charge of an organization according to this report that was running a rogue organization through the cia. zubeda was tortured 83 times for two and half weeks straight. he was a planning for 9/11. i would venture to say that most americans probably don't care that he was tortured saying we lost over 3,000 americans back on that day back in september 11th, 2001, but the fact is we don't torture as a country because it is against who we are, against international law and we don't want our people to get tortured. now where do we go. i want to know what you think on this issue. tonight's question, do you think this senate torture report will make america stronger or weaker? text a for stronger. text b for weaker to 67622. go to or blog

so the if there's any contrary reporting that the rumsfelds of the government or this white house itself, there's not this kind of tough reporting that i remember from the days that i was young in vietnam, still you had courage and you had newspapers that backed the reporters. >> what did the courage go? >> national newspapers became part of the national defense, we couldn't say anything or write anything that was contrary to a national interest. >> is that why 13 years later we're just learning about what actually went on with regard to torture in the cia? >> slurl right. they have managed to keep, controlling the news censoring it, that's what it is, iraq or afghanistan, pakistan acknowledge syria, anywhere that foreign reporting where it is supposed to be done is done now with great caution. not any reporter wants to be identified with a lack of sensitivity or patriotism. >> how is the concept of celebrity changed journalism? you left the new york times and went to write for esquire. how has the culture of journalism changed now nowaday? >> i suggest journalism is diminished in coveri