i tell the rwanda story first all. it's the most clear picture that we get about how mass media can be so effective. one radio station that would disseminating these kinds of messages. it flipped to society. all societies have ranker. and societies have a -- [inaudible] but how do you get a brother to kill a brother? or how do you get a husband to kale wife in the name of -- to kill a wife in the name of some cause. or doctors to kill their patients or teachers to kill their students? set them all on fire? that's a hard task. and it wasn't unique to rwanda that people who were turning on each other and turning each other in. it was in bosnia, best men at each other's weddings. families breaking up because there were intermanages in these indications. i meant to turn my time on, i didn't. i'm going to do that right now. oops. so what happens in genocide situation? it's not media alone, obviously. there's always a crisis situation, right? but crises can be resolved and cooperative ways. they don't always mean that you're

it was in rwanda. it wasn't a free media. it was a media operated by a particular ideological group. it was privately held. it wasn't government. we can't say government media bad. in some cases, government media can actually do god thing. the bbc is mostly great. not so great in the northern ireland case and lot of other ways. with if slips, and i didn't mean imply that in rwanda it didn't flip. it gradually went there and of it the same thing in nazi germany. the flip in rwanda was when in plane went down that all the blame landed on the one group of people for taking the plane down and then it became increasingly hateful in the message. and usually it's gradual. nazi germany was gradual. take these rights away. take more rights away, call them awful names. isolate them in to the corner in these ghettos and, you know, gofer it by saying they're destroying humanity. they're part of international spears. start killing them and maybe don't tell anybody because a lot of what was going on in the nazi germany press they were just

in the investigations that i had gone to do on rwanda and rwanda in particular said that the only reason for failure was lack of will to act a day when we look at this, since we also have to consider context and taking enough time to answer your question because i think it's important -- and somalia where president bush's father sent in thousands of soldiers to feed hungry samoans, it was an incredible and noble initiative. he did it at the time of the elections and he was leaving office, but he took that decision and the soldiers went in and did whatever they could. of course, this mollies were fighting in unresisting, and sometimes you have food in warehouses, but you couldn't get it to the people. so they came in and broke up that locked down so that we could feed the people. and then they threw in the operation, black hawk was shut down and the u.s. relinquished troops. but the troops let somalia were not as the u.s. troops. almost every western government withdrew their troops. they let somalia, the best armed troops. in the end, we had to close it down because it collapsed. this wa

but in the investigations that i have done on rwanda and also bosnia and rwanda in particular said there was a reason for failure was lack of will to act and change. and i think when we look at these, we have to consider context. i'm taking a tough time to answer your question. i think it's important that the in somalia, where the president bush's father sent in thousands of soldiers to feed hungry somalis, it was an incredible noble initiative. he it it at the time of the elections. and the soldiers went in and did whatever they could. of course, the somalis were fight and resisting and sometimes you had food in warehouses, but you couldn't get to the people. they came in and broke up that lock jam so that we can feed the people. and then they -- the operation [inaudible] and u.s. troops. but the troops which lead somalia were not just the u.s. troops, almost every western government withdrew their troops. the best troops left somalia. and in the end, we collapsed. we had to close the operation down. there was the end of the '93 and beginning of '94, spring of '94 we had rue wan dpa. wh

but the nation's outside rwanda, the people outside rwanda may have said, we cannot sit back. let's do something. what that something would be, i do not know. >> host: would ease but to the government in your phone call with had a state. rwanda was staffing to what indeed -- what was it is said to you? >> the ambassadors here. the think the reason, first of all, we think vetted come back which invariably meant to, we don't have the resources. we'll have the men to go. you never really get the positive response needed to deal to take on the force. and at that time the canadian military adviser in the department of peacekeeping. we have a system for the source arrangements. we had approached each government test in time of crisis if we were to approach of , what would you do? some say we will give of italian. others said effete hospital. others said we would give you a patrol car. so he came back to me and said, sir, we tested the system. a very effective. it worked well. at least we know that we are getting nothing. his reaction. and, of course, if they don't want to give them

i don't think it would have had that much impact on the people in rwanda but the people outside of rwanda may have said, we cannot sit back. let's do something. something would have been, i do not know. >> host: when you spoke to the government with the heads of state and rwanda was starting to unfold, you knew the massacre was happening, what was that they said to you, their reason for not giving troops? >> guest: i spoke to the ambassador so often the reason is that first evolved we will think about it and people come back, which invariably meant no. we don't have the resources or we are overstretched and we don't have the men to go in. and you never really got a positive response you needed to be able to build a force and in fact at that time i had a canadian military adviser in the department of peacekeeping, and we had come up with a system that we called the standby forces arrangement where we had approached each government to ask, in a time of crisis, if we were to approach you, what would you do? what would you give? some said we would give battalion or they said a field hospital

you were thinking about rwanda. guest: do not all think about that when we are sitting around our couch? it was an event like to put my finger on exactly. it was a saturday night. you watch a movie. i was watching "bowling for columbine." michael more and i have very different political views. i always looked at him as a significant figure. he makes something i want to see. i was watching the movie. i had seen it before. for some reason i was thinking about rwanda. thinking, here is a genocide that happened, not in the olden days, it happened while i was working. i said, there is one going on right now. as i sit here, in my comfortable apartment in manhattan, there are people who are running for their lives in terror. i said, how can this be in our day and age? i thought to myself, as a society, we are so much better off than almost every way imaginable. you look at the availability of food, medicine, in almost every way we are better off. the one way we are not is security. we are probably more insecure than we wer

. >> sticky person in rwanda -- take the person in rwanda. the pledges meaningless. target is ridiculous. it encourages governments to get it signed off to the target was made up in the 1960's based on figures from the 1940's. when the u.n. look at these figures and said it should be served. 4%. -- 0.4%. >> in a sense it does not matter. it is the policy. i do not believe it is about that but i understand the argument. it is a policy of all three major parties of the last election and so what is happening now is the enactment of democracy. when you go out and talk to the public -- just a year ago, when people were asked the question in a fair way, not, given the recession, can we possibly afford -- >> that was some time ago. support is falling. these millionaires are not paying their fault amount of tax. and they want them to spend money that does not work. they have been shown not to work. >> the same amount of money was to -- page to disasters, you would not have a problem? >> when you have a disaster, it causes chaos on the ground. groups like msf, who are good in

peace keeping forces when some 800,000 people were killed in rwanda.more than 8,000 bosnian men and boys were slaughtered in a place designated a so-called u.n. safe area. you said with regards to rwanda and bosnia, we patently failed or were seen to have failed. do you believe you failed. >> of course we failed. not only do i apologize on behalf of the u.n. and on my own behalf. >> reporter: annan writes that the experiences of rwanda and bosnia pushed him to try to shape the into an organization that would, quote, step up rather than standby. >> we've ber veened to make life easier for people living with h.i.v./aids. in the cases of the tsunami in indonesia, the earthquake in pakistan and health issues where the avian flu broke out in asia. >> reporter: do you think the united nations is perhaps better equipped to deal with issues like disease and development rather than conflict? >> maybe you are right. in health and other areas we have the tools and the systems in place. governments by and large cooperate. when it comes to peace-keeping, the u.n. h

i read you were sitting around thinking about rwanda, not necessarily a light subject. guest: don't we sit around thinking about that on the couch, by the tv? it was definitely an event i could put the finger on exactly the moment where this triggered in my mind, and it was a saturday night, i got kids, you sit home, you watch movies and i was watching the miking the michael moore movie "bowling for columbine". michael and i have different political views, i look at him as a sit film in documentary -- person in documentary phillips, they are interesting, fury -- funny, those are the kinds i wanted to see. i was watching the movie, drifting off, i was thinking about rwanda and thinking about here is a genocide that happened not like in the olden days that you read in history books, it happened while i was working, and i said get that, there's one going on right now, as i sit here, you know, in my comfortable apartment in manhattan, there are people who are running for their lives in terror. and i said how can this be in our day and age, and i thought to myself, you know,

during the rwanda genocide. people were wondering where is butress -- he was out on a vacation collecting his awards. it came to light afterwards, why wasn't the united states taking action? he had funded the rwandan genocide just prior. he is the guy that got the weapons was the u.n. finance. that was a moment that blew me away. >> i have to tell you in watching the film, it was the ah-ha moment and at that point it's a worthless organization and criminal enterprise. its wonderful documentary. if they have any dowels about whether or not the u.n. is an effective organization, i think this film will erase any of those doubts. this year's race for the white house has been more vicious than ever. political experts say negative ads do seem to work. joyce meyer [ male announcer ] if it wasn't for a little thing called the computer, we might still be making mix tapes. find this. pause this. play this. eject this. write this. it's like the days before esurance express lane™. you had to find a bunch of documents just t

now our city [inaudible] i am reaching in to find out, what are those great things the neighbor rwandao do and i would like to go out there and visit them. i signed off last year in 2011 the urban agriculture " ordinance. the ordinance for us was another reflection of city policy with the board of supervisors that we wanted to increase the opportunities for folks to grow crops. to grow agriculture, to be able to sell it if they so wish to to so we could have folks that already have that experience, but not necessarily at the corporate level. our urban agriculture is important to us. we have identified a number of abandoned lots all over the city and we would love to again excite volunteers and people who are interested in urban agriculture and the ability to distribute fresh produce to people who are in need. allow that to happen, working with our school district to see what can happen on their lots so the urban agriculture ordinance is something that you might want to take a look at. and finally, with our recreation and park department, the community gardens program, another broad pro

during a post presidential visit to rwanda he addresses the issue directly. >> let me ask you.doing here even just a little bit is it to make up for the inaction of 1994? is there a tiny bit of atonement there? >> i suppose there is. i told them in '98 when i came here, i apologized to them. that i would do everything i could to help them begin again. and when i left the white house, i tried to keep my word. but it's more than just trying to atone. i think these are truly extraordinary people, and i think they don't deserve to have their whole future defined by those dark days. what about the soybeans? what is the yield? >> i think that he is motivated across the continent of africa because there is so much poverty, so much need, and there is so much opportunity. >> back home clinton's momentum has shifted. in november, 2004, he opens his presidential library in little rock. despite torrential rain, three american presidents attend. in the crowd are such friends as barbara streisand and robin williams. >> this library is the symbol of a bridge, a bridge to the 21st century. wha

over 5% a year in ten sub-saharan countries and over 8% in kenya, rwanda, and senegal. there are even bright spots in the reduction of graph and corruption. ghana, south africa, namibia, rwanda, and botswana each has less corruption, gets this, than italy and greece according to transparency international. governance is improving in many countries. terrorism by islamic extremists remains, but there is progress here as well. having largely driven the al qaeda-linked al shabab from mogadishu, the capital, the city is experiencing the longest period of relative peace since 1991. jeff gettleman, "the new york times'" east africa bureau chief is a frequent visitor to mogadishu. he told me that visitors to mogadishu's airport were until recently asked to list on their arrival form the caliber of their weapon. now they are asked the purpose of their visit, including if it's a holiday. behind much of this growth and improvement lies the global demand for commodities. with large shares of the world's oil, gold, and rare minerals, africa has been an attractive source of raw mater

rwanda and bosnia. >> rose: you view that as a mistake. >> and iraq. not as a mistake as such, but it was our failure. our failure in the sense that we couldn't help or do as much as we could to protect the people. and often they say it's the u.n.'s fault or they didn't give-- but as i explain in the book, the u.n. has no standing army. we need to rely on governments to give us the troops we want. we often go in lightly armed with lightly armed troops. and we ourselves have to the been able to lower expectation and explain to the people what we are there for. so sometimes they would expect a couple of battalions of the u.n. to do incredible things, you know. i mean and when the failure comes, our member states don't speak up, you know. it's the organization, the secretary-general and the team and i try to explain to people that there are two u.n.s. the u.n. made up of member states who give us the mandate and the secretariat that implements it. and we can be as the organization can be as strong as the member states want it to be. and in both situations

host: this link between rwanda and syria is made in "the washington post" on monday, september 24. u.s. ambassador to you and takes center stage in serious debate. setting the lessons of rwanda, which you spoke about, offered an imperfect guidebook for susan rice. position isice's that there is no cookie cutter approach, which is what she says. i think it is probably accurate. however, the united nations in 2005 at a high-level summit endorsed a principle called the responsibility to protect, which is a norm that basically says every government has the responsibility, the fundamental obligation to not make war on their citizens and to prevent them from suffering from mass atrocities. and when a government cannot do that, that sovereign responsibility develops to the international community. in libya, it was probably the first case in which that was invoked. although an operation in kosovo in 1999 had been similar -- where there were not that many strategic interests, but the danger of imminent massacres was one that called for action. the situation in syria, obviously more people h

in the investigations that i have done on rwanda and the report on bosnia and rwanda in particular, theverwhelming reason for failure was lack of will to act and change. and i think when we look at these things, we have to start to consider context. it's important. in somalia, president bush father thinking thousands of soldiers to feed hungry civilians. it was incredible initiative. it he was. they did whatever they could. of course sometimes you have food warehouses, but h

i tour aid hospital in rwanda, i said what is going won my neck.ht? >> it's still like a little bit. >> i felt like it was my battle score. i felt like i earned something. it was silly. i felt pretty tough. >> i guess the lesson is, don't go to africa. >> you were just there. >> jimmy: i was there. >> where were you? >> i don't know, somewhere where there were animals. >> i was in south africa. i didn't get bit by anything. >> you haven't been to africa. >> you're probably right. >> jimmy: congratulations on the movie. >> it's rolling out in different city and also on video on demand. >> jimmy: that's josh radnor! "liberal arts" is in select theaters now. when we come back music from monsters calling home. ♪ [ typing ] ♪ ♪ [ camera shutter clicks ] ♪ gets her every time. [ male announcer ] it's hard to resist the craveable nature of the salty peanuts, dark chocolate, and smooth peanut butter in nature valley sweet & salty nut bars. irresistible. by nature valley. >> jimmy: these guys are from right here in los angeles making their television debut

>> we were in rwanda, tanzania and kenya. but kenya briefly. >> if like a week from now there's a tape worm in me that i don't know where it came from, and it's like all wrapped around my ribs and eight feet long, i might -- >> was that from that hug earlier? >> i don't know. my feet are two feet -- and they go in between your toes. i'm afraid to even -- >> are you trying to out us on the air? >> no. >> playing footsy? >> i come down with anything weird -- >> i have to take malaron. >> for malaria? >> and it makes you take crazy dreams. >> i did not take it when i went to india because there's some question as to -- >> you weren't -- you hadn't read one paragraph before you said, this is a fascinating story that i hope we get to talk about. >> we were talking about it in the makeup room? >> because it's clearly a political move? >> no. i think it's not only political -- >> it's incredible. >> we're talking about the private equity investigation. >> basically turning your management fee into carried interest. we've talked abou