sickle-cell disease affects primarily people with sub sahara africa, the caribbean, mexico, africa, europe, india, asia. and it may be combined with other hemoglobinopathies as well. such as beta and alpha, in which those particular side effects and complications could be even more compounding and devastat g devastating. >> does that present a greater challenge when it comes to finding donors? >> right. it really does. i think in the african-american population we do have to understand that maybe we won't -- we do not have a large number of families with whole siblings. so that limits the actual availability for the donor, and that brings to light the gene therapy, where you don't necessarily need a donor for establishing a cure for bone marrow transplant. where they're taking a virus and implanting that virus with the normal hemoglobin-producing gene to then just produce normal hemoglobin. >> we know there have been challenges finding, getting african-americans to donate organs. is it easier to convince a patient, a donor, to give bone marrow? >> right. so -- >> than an organ? >> i think

sahara in search of a better life in europe. >>> and in sport after their shock world cup win over south africa, japan prepare to face scotlandsome very specific goals. ♪ >>> pope francis is saying good-bye to cuba before flying to the united states. the head of the roman catholic church is concluding his four-day trip by celebrating mass and meeting with families in santiago cuba. let's speak to our latin america editor, lucia newman. what is the pope's message to the cuban people? >> reporter: hello, foley. the pope has just left a few minutes ago from the cathedral as you see directly behind me. this was his last event here. this is perhaps a fitting place for him to end his trip to this country. this is the birthplace of the cuban revolution, and on his first trip to communist cuba, the pope over and over emphasized the message of reconciliation. he said people should not be afraid of change. he said that they should not be afraid of seeing people who think differently -- or rather to stop seeing people who think differently as enemies. now in his last address, we emphasized the family. he did something that made many peo

people. [ inaudible ] ethnic tensions and that he was in africa, isil is making recruitment campaigns and strident efforts to expand in this sahara region. the operations have lead [ inaudible ] to the supposition that terrorism and violent extremism are the two sides of the same coin. mr. chairman, nigeria in [ inaudible ] effort of the united nations and the rest of the international community to contain isil. we sadly needed to do more. we need to take military action, combined with effective border security, intelligence coalition, and sharing, and vigorous policy action. these alone may not suffice. but they can stem the tide and reverse the process of recruitment, month, and effective operation of foreign terrorists, and their radical extremists. in order to put in place components of an effective approach to defeat isil, we must address the threat there source. we must find a way to prevent younger people from turning to terror in the first place and the younger people that turn to violent extremism [ inaudible ] they are often part of communities and families and are lured into the fall of barbaric and [ inaudible ] organ

africa has received radicalization and in citement. boka harem -- boko haram does not reflect muslim behavior. muslim religious is based on peace. isil is making an effort to expand into some communities into sahara region and isil's operations have led to the terrorism and violence extremism that leads to two sides of the same coin. the effort of the united nation and the international community to contend with isil. we needed to do more. we need to take military action, combine with effective border security, intelligence coalition, and share it and take action. these alone may not suffice. but they can turn the tide and drive the forces of recruitment, movement, and it is set to operation of foreign terrorist fighters and their associated radical extremist. in order to put in place components of an approach to counter isil and eventually defeat we must address the source. we must find a way to prevent people from coming to terror in the first place and turning to violent extremism. they are lured in from lack of family and their expectations here are pushed. while addressing how to deal with this, we should let the military be tangable but it be crucial. good governance which calls for account