just a practical question about how sub-saharan africa is l about how sub—saharan africa is respondinghing body that is coordinating this because macro does each country go its own way? there are two bodies _ each country go its own way? there are two bodies ensuring _ each country go its own way? there are two bodies ensuring that - are two bodies ensuring that countries follow protocols that have been put in place during this pandemic. the african center of disease and control that advises the country and looks over sub—saharan africa and the middle eastern part of the who that looks over the northern african countries. making sure that as much as they put in policies that countries must observe, they also don't ensure that they don't take it personally, but they don't take it personally, but they also overlook what they have been able to do. we see that some countries would not align themselves with the policies that have been put in place, so this organisation, they have followed the policies that are not hurting people, for instance, their livelihoods and sources of income. figs th

tt2 biggest increases are really in south asia and sub—saharan africa.e, low vaccination rates and remember, vaccination rates and remember, vaccination rates and remember, vaccination rates are only six or 7% and sub—saharan africa, so these low vaccination rates make it much more likely to have covid—19 restrictions in the covid—19 restrictions slow down the economy, slow down food, people lose theirjobs, that makes malnutrition more likely in malnutrition more likely in malnutrition itself makes the covid—19 effects much more severe because it generates, abilities, illnesses like pneumonia which of course, make covid—19 much worse. so we have this toxic interplay of covid—19 in malnutrition and what the governments need to do is things to break the cycle. they need to tackled the nutrition reduction. it was a good start, 27 million but on the year—by—year basis, that's about 6 billion a year. that is what it is now. it really need to double or triple to make a big impact and thus addressing the need to do. the second thing is something early in your p

leverage our combined capabilities in places where isis affiliates are operating, like in sub-saharan africa, but also bringing to bear our capabilities, not just connecticut but civilian-let capabilities to address isis course on coming out of afghanistan. >> that is great that the coalition is growing. the global coalition rightfully focused its efforts on degrading isis in iraq and syria. the threat is not contained to those two countries and that became painfully clear on august 26 when militants associated with isis-k carried out and attack in kabul that killed 13 u.s. service members and at least 170 afghan citizens. one of those service members, a sergeant was from my district, a proud daughter of lawrence, massachusetts. her community will forever remember her and her fellow service members as heroes. mr. landberg, you testified to the house for nefarious committee that immediately after the attack, the state department asked how they would leverage its experience to counter isis-k. he further stated the coalition has " responded and identified potential efforts against the isis-k th

story presents the most devastating face. 69% of all people rldwide living with hiv are in sub-saharan africa91% of hiv-positive children in the world live in africa. a million people die of aids related illness in africa each year. to talk more on this, we are joined by a unicef advisor on hiv and aids across west and central africa. thank you for being with us. it is the fight against hiv and aids being one? the statistics in africa are awful, but do you feel the battle has been one? -- won? guest: we can say as we mark world aids day this december that 40 years in this pandemic, the children are the ones who are paying the highest price in this pandemic. we can record significant progress in access to hiv prevention and treatment services for others. we cannot record the same progress for children. i think if the battle is win -- won, it has to be one for children first. mark: there is a gap between the rich countries and the poor countries. in a rich country, someone can have the right call tell -- cocktail of drugs that can give them an untraceable level of virus. in a poor country, that

want to protect their intellectual property and now allow vaccines to be made in places like sub saharan africafacing their own covid crisis. we have seen that pharmaceutical companies have prioritized their profits and we have gotten some trickle down, but doses that arrive very late near expiration and when they get pitched, the world says they don't want those doses as opposed to saying we did a lot here in the u.s. to tackle logistics of getting vaccines in to rural hospitals in idaho, to tackle vaccine hesitancy. i think that the rest of the world needs to put the same effort into getting the world vaccinated and instead of throwing up our arms saying maybe they don't want them. >> everybody needs to focus more on exactly this or we won't get past this pandemic. great to see you, dr. spencer. >>> coming up for us, an official visit by the israeli prime minister, details next. new gold bond advanced healing ointment. restore healthy skin, with no sticky feeling. gold bond. champion your skin. a mountain of toys to fulfill many wishes must be carried across all roads and all bridges. it's no

omicron, that may be good news for us here in europe and north america, but what about in sub-saharan africahere many people still have not had their first shot? >> yes, it is worrying and i think that brings us to the basic message that has been put out. i think it is misleading, that vaccines are the end to the pandemic. they need to be considered one layer. there is also evidence that two doses alongside previous infection, which is common in south africa, could potentially give quite high levels of protection, at least for a duration of time. that might provide one layer of protection but other layer such as masks, ventilation, social distancing will be crucial. to think vaccines alone will avoid the crisis is not true and not materialized. brent: and as long as you have people who are not vaccinated you have bodies where this virus can continue to mutate. the who chief saying preliminary data and -- indicates variant may be more easily transmitted to other people but because a milder form of the disease. it is not going to make you as sick as delta. could omicron be good news for the pa

called it the south african very and then came the travel restrictions imposed on south africa and some of its sub saharan neighbors. by more than 50 countries, it was only after that that we learned that alma cron turned up in the netherlands in tests taken before the ones in south africa. samples that just took longer to process. so it could have been called the dutch very it, it never was about frequent this came is no surprise because we've been through this or if that added to varying it's very concerning right now with the it's a $1000000000.00. oh, certainly booked a southern can variant to any is now to talk more about the south african variant if the south african strain and will land at a time how to dispose of pushing back against outcome, legal, and then conscious in the global last that it, you know it detected this, i mean you variance away and not be subjected to this bands and the question was raised, why is it that they're not introducing trunk or bands? the coverage was so high that was so panic was so all over the place and western scientists were hyping is that this is that most transm

called it the south african very and then came the travel restrictions imposed on south africa and some of its sub saharan neighbors. by more than 50 countries, it was only after that that we learned that alma cron turned up in the netherlands in tests taken before the ones in south africa. samples that just took longer to process. so it could have been called the dutch very it, it never was. instead about recon this kim, it's no surprise because we've been through this or it's not that at the very end. it's very concerning right now with the bit of variance goes on. suddenly booked is can varian to any, is now to talk more about the south african variant if the south african strain and we land and a time constant is spoken. pushing back against that kind of label. and ben, conscious in the drama, not that it detected this, i'm very ins away and not be subject since it is bands. and the question was raised, why is it that they're not? which is in trouble bands? the coverage were so high that was so panic was so all over the place and western scientists were hyping is that this is that most transmissible v

need to really vaccinate world, which means a real focus on places like many countries in sub-saharan africathe vaccination rate is about 7%. we are talking hundreds of millions of doses needed to increase. at the same time, even though we have more vaccines than we are using, even in u.s., less than 60% of the population fully vaccinated. we are still at risk. >> scientists in south africa say they are seeing a rise in re-infections with omicron. what do you make of that? >> the mutations we see in omicron are potentially concerning. it will take a few weeks before we know the clinical and epidemiological implications. it is not clear whether there is greater transmissibility or more severity of infection, or potentially immune evasion. we have seen with prior variants that people that had been infected in the past and recovered were more prone to reinfection. that might be what we see with omicron. but we don't know enough yet. >> france's top scientific advisor warned the surge in cases in that country is being driven by the delta variant, so we should not forget about delta, should we? >

the international travel bonds against many countries in sub saharan africa caused heated the bits. our own entity money is driving right into it. took it out. and when the emergence of the coven 19 on the con variant led to an almost immediate imposition of travel bonds, 2 countries in south africa, africans reacted angry africa is not new to being left behind, singled out or just being ignored in times of global shad crises we just need to look back to december of 2020, to be reminded how did sometimes happens at the time us secretary general antonio parish want that vaccine. nationalism was moving at full speed. he was of course, referring to the hoarding and delays with intellectual property waivers. of the vaccines from wealthy countries. 12 months later, that's today, the results are in full display. a recent report from doctors without borders estimates, there are 500000000 excess doses in the united states. even if every eligible american got a booth to do, the same report goes on to say, but 241000000 doses could be wasted by g 7 and you countries alone in 2021. now of cour

the international travel bonds against many countries in sub saharan africa caused he took the bits our own in the money is driving right into it. check it out in when they margins of the kobe 19 on, the kron variant led to an almost immediate imposition of travel bonds. 2 countries in south africa, africans reacted angry africa is not new to being left behind, singled out or just being ignored in times of global shed crises. we just need to look back to december of 2020, to be reminded how this sometimes happens at the time us secretary general antonio parish ones, that vaccine nationalism was moving at full speed. he was of course, referring to the hording and delays with intellectual property waivers. of the vaccines from wealthy countries. 12 months later, that's today. the results are in full display. a recent report from doctors without borders estimates, there are 500000000 excess doses in the united states, even if every eligible american got a booster do. the same report goes on to say that 241000000 doses could be wasted by g 7 and you countries alone in 2021. now of course, t

i v in sub saharan africa, but 2 thirds of them on anti retroviral medication, which stops them for pulling ill and helps them to live with the virus aah! on the vaccine front, polio has been eradicated, and a new vaccine for malaria is supposed to reduce the number of malaria cases in children. ah, in the midst of the global corona, virus pandemic. however, many people are lamenting the fact that the vaccines, which meant to cup the spread of club at 19 reach, the african continent laughed ah, the w h rector tedra. deborah, yes was had repeatedly called unwritten nations to help poor a country vaccinate that population. but despite this, there has been no widespread outrage over the unequal distribution of the vaccines . so if you want to hear more about the differing health system, you can walk trust 50 based on back to the pretty. i spoke to health practitioners on canyon trying to access the corporate lighting vaccines. and they had quite a bit of bay that go to our youtube, paid the 77 percent. and you can watch them if we've learned one thing during the pandemic. if the importance of

also 58 percent of people in sub saharan africa live in rural locations with warmer climates and the tendency to mix outdoors as possibly contributed to a lower risk of infection. but access to testing is limited and earlier this year, the world health organization estimated that 6 out of 7 infections went undetected . the democratic republic of congo is the least vaccinated country, not just in africa, but in the world. fewer than 300000 of its 90000000 people have received at least one vaccine dose. now, a surgeon corona virus cases, as adding pressure on the countries fragile health system, copier lopez or the young husband. this covered 19 clinic is at full capacity. patients are coming in faster than they can be treated as an infection serge, in democratic republic of congo. both supplies and staff are running low. the who, the hopefully we've asked our partners to our tense behind the center to take in the overflow of sick people. we can't let them die. we have 2 types of patients, those who accept treatment, and then we have those who don't believe in the disease. we've had pe

for the 90 percent of all cases and nearly all deaths were in sub saharan africa. most of those were children under 5, w. h o approved the 1st malaria vaccine in october. but it says it needs more funding to get that to the children who need it in while a new only cron variant of covered 19 are spread to 3 more nations with cases detected in thailand. nepal and croatia. thailand is heavily dependent on tourism and that had only just reopened its orders for travel. scientists are working to establish if or micron spreads faster than previous variance, and whether it will be more resistant to vaccines. south africa's president is accused rich countries of creating a system of health or partied in the fight against covered 19 several ram, oppose a told a peace and security for him in senegal, but developed countries or failing to deliver vaccines promised to africa where the omicron variant continues to spread from decant nicholas hack reports. the fight against the new armor chron variance in senegal starts here, had a health center in downtown to car, were doses of

i v in sub saharan africa, but 2 thirds of them on anti retroviral medication, which stops them for pointing ill and helps them to live with the virus. ah, on the vaccine front, polio has been eradicated, and a new vaccine for malaria is supposed to reduce the number of malaria cases in children. ah, in the midst of the global corona, virus pandemic. however, many people are lamenting the fact that the vaccines which are meant to cup the spanish club at 19 reach, the african continent laughed ah, the w h o z director tedra. deborah, yes. who's had repeatedly called unwritten nations to help poor countries vaccinate their population. but despite this, there has been no widespread outrage over the unequal distribution of the vaccines . so if you want to hear more about the differing health system, you can watch us 50 based on vaccine. i spoke to health practitioners and canyon trying to access the corporate 19 vaccines, the leg quite a bit to say that go to our youtube, paid that like 70 percent. and you can watch them if we've learned one thing during the pandemic. if the importance of having

specifically usaid has supplied nearly $1.6 billion in countries in sub-saharan africa to fight the pandemic. including more than 61 million to south africa alone. this involves field hospitals, training health workers, and supporting national campaigns. national and local exaints to build -- campaigns to build vaccine confidence. around the world usaid is building data systems to track vaccine deployments. they are providing training to health care workers and setting up vaccination sites. they'll continue this vital work. it is increasingly important as there are greater and greater supply of vaccine around the world. i think just overall stepping back the united states is doing just what the president said we would do, which is leading the effort to vaccinate the--the world. by supplying the 1.2 billion doses to the world with no strange attached. all donated. we'll continue to share more and more doses. we'll continue to help scale manufacturing both here and in other countries. we are going to do all we can to get the world vaccinated because we know we are not safe here until the world

and so when we have a well today, which is the poorest father, well being so called sub saharan africa, where black blue, the rigid father will be where the way to live, the west and everyone else in between. and, and you only have the right to life and not the right to prosperity. and then this is telling you that actually frozen in time and in history, the, the, the colonial logic in the colonial route. and that, that universe, or supposedly universal right framework is key to that. because it only gives you the right to live in the right to anything. you say that the enlightenment, racism had to wait for the defeat of islam in spain before conquering the united states. but also that very many parts of this enlightenment come from. i know they are on service center to china. here was, this is the problem with a like a minute. it takes the day to the 18th century to have this this concede that europe is the best because of 200 years of violence, right? 1492 unleashes the genocide in human history. where 60 to 70000000 people are raised in the face of the, of the conquer to america's.

and that those countries in sub saharan africa, they regard it to be low levels of, of vaccine coverage. but also where we, where this has been looked at in detail. and when mutations similar to the mutations we're seeing and on recall, other products have been demonstrated in a, in a person, is actually in people who are immunocompromised. these individuals have sometimes very prolonged infections. so normally we clear infect you like crone of ours, within a week or so it clears from our bodies. we call 10 days. sometimes these people are in a compromise, will have an affection for more than a 100 days, and they become a breeding ground for variance to develop. and that's where you see some of these more severe barretts, if they spread into, if these viruses spread into a population that's fully vaccinated, probably call go much further. even on recon actually might have been more restrict it if the population in south africa was mostly vaccinated, i think is a complex mix actually of the immune competence of an individual and the mean protection. all i population. okay, well dr. young

was 90 percent of all cases and the old desk were in sub saharan africa. most of those were children on the 5 sure approved the 1st malaria vaccine in october, but it says it needs more funding to get that to the children who need it in while the new only tron variant of kevin 19 is spread to see more nations with cases detected in thailand, nepal and croatia. totland is heavily dependent on tourism is only just reopened it's borders for travel. scientists are working to establish if on the chrome spreads faster than previous parents, and whether it will be more resistant to vaccines. rescue searching for survivors from have all kinds of corruption in indonesia are being hampered by bad weather. and further clouds of hot ash so far 22 people are confirmed dead and 27 are missing. trillion wolf has more, ah, scouring through the rubble plowing through volcanic debris that has now begun to harden the hope that these rescue workers might find survivors is diminishing by the hour. even for the lifeless bodies recovered beneath the rubble, a sense of relief amo

i v in sub saharan africa. but 2 thirds of them on anti retroviral medication, which stops them for pointing ill and helps them to live with the virus ah, on the vaccine front, polio has been eradicated, and a new vaccine for malaria is supposed to reduce the number of malaria cases in children ah, in the midst of the global corona virus pandemic, however, many people are lamenting the fact that the vaccines which are meant to cup the sped club at 19 reach, the african continent laughed. ah, the w h rector tedra. deborah, yes. who's had repeatedly called unwritten nations to help poor countries vaccinate their population. but despite this, there has been no widespread outrage over the unequal distribution of the vaccines . so if you want to hear more about the differing health system, you can walk trust 50 based on vaccine. i spoke to health practitioners on canyon trying to access the corporate 19 vaccines. the leg quite a bit to say that go to our youtube, paid that like 70 percent and you can watch of them i

i v in sub saharan africa. but 2 thirds of them on anti retroviral medication, which stops them for pulling ill and helps them to live with the virus ah, on the vaccine front, polio has been eradicated, and a new vaccine for malaria is supposed to reduce the number of malaria cases and children ah, in the midst of the global corona, virus pandemic, however, many people are lamenting the fact that the vaccines, which meant to cut the spread of club at 19 reach, the african continent laughed. ah, the w h. i was director tedra. deborah. yes. who's had repeatedly called on richard nations to help poor countries vaccinate their population. but despite this, there has been no widespread outrage over the unequal distribution of the vaccines . so if you want to hear more about the differing health system, you can walk trust 50 based on pretty. i spoke to health practitioners and canyon trying to access the corporate 19 vaccines. and they had quite a bit of a, let's go to our youtube, paid the 77 percent and you can wat

wonder how if you take this to parts of the world where the population is exploding like in sub-saharan africa and wonder how those men would react to being told that they should have a vasectomy to show how much they love their women. >> sean: it's really good politics because of you have all these woke liberal men in bike shorts that get vasectomies and not have kids, but you've got conservative men like me who have nine kids isn't that great because he of conservatives being born and liberals not having kids. >> that's why we're not super mad about it, they are not breeding and that's fine. i hope these men get a free box set of harry potter when they go and further snap. and whatever else they like to do in their free time. it find if you want to do it, go for it, but it makes you less of a man, i'm sorry. >> you saw the video of aoc who is out they are saying we want to save the environment and let's not have kids. give me your take on aoc saying you'll save the environment if you don't have kids. >> it's finally out in the open with this, the left has been secretly saying this for a long

the international travel bonds against many countries in sub saharan africa caused heated the bits. our own entity money is driving right into it. took it out. and when the emergence of the coven 19 on the con variant led to an almost immediate imposition of travel bonds. 2 countries in south africa, africans reacted angry africa is not new to being left behind. singled out or just being ignored in times of global shad crises. we just need to look back to december of 2020, to be reminded how did sometimes happens at the time us secretary general antonio parish ones. that vaccine nationalism was moving at full speed. he was of course, referring to the hoarding and delays with intellectual property waivers. of the vaccines from wealthier countries, 12 months later, that's today. the results are in full display. a recent report from doctors without borders estimates, there are 500000000 excess doses in the united states. even if every eligible american got a booth to do, the same report goes on to say, but 241000000 doses could be wasted by g 7 and you countries alone in 2021. now of c

. >> yeah, so certainly i mean, sub saharan africa is one of the major areas where a kind of -- peoplek about new land grabs happening, for a number of reasons, and china is certainly a player in that. they are certainly very prominent in liberia. there's a new wave of effort to extract iron ore -- liberia sits on some of the purest iron ore in west africa and some of the older mines, such as, in a region of liberia are being reopened, and china is an important player in that. another area no longer rubber, but the biggest area of concessions in west africa of these kind of land lease deals is oil [inaudible]. and so, you know, in liberia, what you see is these concessions are kind of built on top of one another. so one of the biggest concessions for close to 700,000 acres of land, by -- was originally a malaysian oil pump company that's been recently resold, but that concession was built off a concession that bf goodrich had had in the 1950s. so these concessions keep turning over to other companies for -- you know, in the context of agriculture for new commodities that have become im

and finally as ceo of global health which is a nonprofit with governments and sub-saharan africa to invest in health care workforce, , the fundamental frontline of our disease response. in many ways but one that relies on the kind of structure, systems and political pieces to also put the policies in place that keep us healthy and safe. and so with that i'm very delighted to be a a part of ts evening. i want to thank the boston book festival putting it together. nicholas, i would love to ask you, you know, just a little bit, you call your book "apollo's arrow." you really lunch with the allegory of plague being created -- launch -- that come from achilles and hero to stop the plague on troy. on curious as you look through, you give unbelievable riveting history of covid and disease and how we have responded. and i'm curious if you think there is an achilles to rescue us now. are we doing the right things, or what do you see, how do you think we're responding to this pandemic differently than maybe we have before, or are we doing the same thing and history is repeating itself? >> i would sa

five inches tall, weighing in at 257 pounds, hailing from hollywood, california, by way of sub-saharan africae dreamy, the dromedary, put your humps together, for jimmy kamel! [ applause ] ♪ ♪ >> jimmy: you're absolutely beautiful! wow! isn't he fantastic, everybody! ♪ ♪ jimmy kamel. i can't wait to see you at the big game on december 18th. we are going to take a break to mop up, but we'll be right back with jennifer aniston, ann dowd, kathryn hahn, john lithgow, jon stewart, allison tolman, gabrielle union, damon wayans, and kevin hart, so stick around. we'll be right back. ♪ ♪ >> jimmy: tonight, his new film is called "nightmare alley." his last film won best picture at the academy awards. the pride of mexico guillermo del toro is with us. one of my two favorite guillermos. then later from australia, her album is called "things take time, take time." music from courtney barnett on the mercedes-benz stage. this week we've got new shows with will forte, chrissy teigen, rob mcelhenney, lily collins, and music from sting, amine, and isaiah rashad featuring sza. on tuesday, jb smoove will be my

the international travel bonds against many countries in sub saharan africa caused heated the bits. our own entity money is driving right into it, check it out. and when the emergence of the covey 19 on the con variant led to an almost immediate imposition of travel bonds, 2 countries in south africa, africans, reactive angry africa, is not new to being left behind. singled out or just being ignored in times of global shad crises. we just need to look back to december of 2020 to be reminded how did sometimes happen at the time us secretary general antonio quoterush ones. that vaccine nationalism was moving at full speed. he was, of course, referring to the hording and delays with intellectual property waivers of the vaccines from wealthy countries. 12 months later, that's today. the results are in full display. a recent report from doctors without borders estimates. there are 500000000 excess doses in the united states, even if every eligible american got a booster do. the same report goes on to say, but 241000000 doses could be wasted by g 7. and you countries alone in 2021. now of

is this the new normal, clarissa, for sub-saharan africa?te hasn't been hit by floods like that since 1964. they had to get boats up to deal with the floods for the first time. this is new. flooding has been, you know, a normal phenomenon here in south sudan. but at this level of intensity, absolutely not. and as i mentioned before, it is a compound effect. so next rainy season, which starts in may, this country will be even less equipped to deal with it. and we're literally talking about an entire state potentially being forcibly displaced from their homes. that raises a huge source of secondary issues that could knock on from that. this is a desperate situation and very much sadly it is only getting worse. >> flooding is a permanent state that is not normal. clarissa, such an important report, thank you so much. >>> still ahead, joe biden and vladimir putin, what is at stake in their crucial call this morning? >>> and steven spielberg's west side story banned. more on where and why. this holim shine like never before. >> life matters even

what is your position, as opposed to the other vaccines and, for example, sub-saharan africa?lex: we knew from the very beginning we would not truly have an impact unless we took a global approach. so whether we look at the way we try to design it, the way we tested it on a very global level , even the way we are manufacturing, right now we have about 10 different locations not only here in the united states, but in south africa, india, europe, and in the overwhelming majority of our vaccines to this point in time, they have really been used in the developing part of the world, so we are very committed to making that possible. certainly something we have learned over the last few weeks with omicron is that unless we can get people around the world vaccinated, this virus can continue to mutate and adapt it self and present a danger for the rest of the world. david: you dismayed an interesting point. if you take the total number of doses that have been administered thus far of johnson & johnson and compare it to the united states versus the rest of the world, what is the ratio?

i v in sub saharan africa. but 2 thirds of them on anti retroviral medication, which them for pulling ill and help them to live with the virus aah! on the vaccine front, polio has been eradicated and a new vaccine for malaria is supposed to reduce the number of malaria cases and children. ah, in the midst of the global corona, virus pandemic, however, many people are lamenting the fact that the vaccines which are meant to cup the spread of credit 19 reach, the african continent laughed. ah, the w h rector tedra. deborah, yes. who's had repeatedly called unwritten nations to help poor countries speculate their population. but despite this, there has been no widespread outrage over the unequal distribution of the vaccines . so if you want to hear more about the differing health system, you can watch us 50 based on. but when i talk to health practitioners, i'm canyon trying to access the corporate 19 vaccines. i may have quite a bit to say why you paid the 77 percent, and you can watch them if we've learned one th

the international travel bonds against many countries in sub saharan africa caused he took the bits our own in the money is driving right into it. check it out. aah! and when they emergence of the coven 19 on the con variant led to an almost immediate imposition of travel bonds. 2 countries in south africa, africans reacted angry africa is not new to being left behind. singled out or just being ignored in times of global shad crises. we just need to look back to december of 2020, to be reminded how did sometimes happens at the time us secretary general antonio parish ones. that vaccine nationalism was moving at full speed. he was of course, referring to the hoarding and delays with intellectual property waivers. of the vaccines from wealthy countries. 12 months later, that's today. the results are in full display. a recent report from doctors without borders estimates, there are 500000000 excess doses in the united states, even if every eligible american got a booster. the same report goes on to say that 241000000 doses could be wasted by g 7 and you countries alone in 2021. now of cour