and tragedy is so profound that that alone would have merited a deep history by a historian like sam tadros. but sam goes further than that because he also frames his narrative in terms of copt versus copt, a brutally honest portrayal of the internal divisions, lady versus clergy, pope versus bishops, hermits versus church administration, rich versus poor, accommodationist versus communalist, etc. sam bears it all. he bares the external history of tragedy and persecution as well as the internal tensions which have been at the heart of the coptic story for almost two millennia. it is, at some points, a tale of intrigue among popes and metropolitans and monasteries and conferences, but it is a story of texture and depth, and it is a remarkable story that sam portrays in all its dimensions. and i think it's really quite a courageous story for doing that. sam's book, secondly, is courageous in another way. he takes on the pillars of accepted wisdom about egyptian history; albert hur ranny, for example, and he skewers them with delicacy and precision and subtlety. the target, first and foremost