the five or six leading researchers on this question of extraterrestrial life is the coauthor with schloss of the soviet union and the very famous book, intelligent life in the universe. to my right is philip morrison, who is professor of physics at mit and 13 years ago he was a coauthor of what is perhaps the first scientifically valid, reasonable paper ever published on what might well be a possible mode of communication with extraterrestrial life. dr. morrison is considered out among scholarly as being perhaps one of the most broadly knowledgeable scientists in the country. and on the far side is dr. george wallace, professor of biology at harvard and a recipient of the nobel prize. so now i would like to turn to the symposium proper and give the floor to carl sagan. thank you, --. i am trying to prepare a few brief remarks on this. i came upon a comment by thomas carlyle somewhat crusty old fellow on thinking about the stars and a sad spectacle if they be inhabited. what is scope for misery and folly? if they be not inhabited? what a waste space. there was a little more than a year ago