if it's a sea then you have to abide by the united nations convention on the law of the sea which basically means that your share of the assets and the resources under the body of water is dictated according to the length of your shoreline essentially so the if it's if it's a lake then it benefits those with short shorelines if it's a sea then it benefits those with long shorelines what we understand though is that the definition that is going to be agreed on at this summit is that it's not quite one or the other it's not a lake because it's so huge and it's not a sea because it's shut off from the ocean so they're coming up it seems with some sort of fudge really that allows them to move on to reach this agreement and to keep on discussing things essentially now to meet putin in his opening statements they're called this modern and balance documents that they're about to sign and president rouhani of iran suggested that this isn't going to be the end they do have to talk about more things and he also alluded to the delicate balance of the discussions here all of the different things at sta

sea bathing in walks in the salty sea air has been considered healthy since the eighteenth century an english physician discovered their healing powers and invented the lasso therapy. the idea caught on immediately with the european nobility. first the kings of hanover and later prussian monarchs took their summer holidays on nor did i and the aristocrats brought glamour along with them. the island still boasts lovely examples of spa architecture the first luxury hotel here was built for the king's guests the comforts of zones house is still an absolute gem. fashionable summer villas sprang up everywhere many are now hotels. as is the case of the king of hanover's former summer palace. is what about proven how it was built for the had ovarian crown prince who became king of hanover and eight hundred fifty one. and he resided here with the royal household of thirty people in this house almost a foreston dies there and you have to picture a very relaxed royal court with children playing on this lawn or so i'm thomas uploads have begun mornings with the day began with the morning concert

plays a part especially mining operations that extract minerals from the sea. wellness and health tourists have long known the benefits of the mineral rich dead sea. but not only the beauty industry is flourishing here. tel aviv based israel chemicals is the biggest company extracting minerals from the dead sea they've been doing so for more than six decades under a longstanding license the israeli government says mining activity is make up around forty percent of the reason why the sea is drawing up. the money it's all elected and they have no incentive to reduce the amount of water they pump or even to think about it to think about from where they get the soil to build the dikes all the actions through which they actually destroy the environment are allowed under the existing concession. the israeli government is now planning to return to the mining rights and twenty twenty two years ahead of schedule it would be a one off chance to set new regulations and curb the impact the mining has on the environment israel could show leadership here in helping to stabil

in a sea horse is a local species. it's listed as endangered by the international union for the conservation of nature the r.u.c. am. this animal is only found in three estuaries in south africa. it's a limited range makes the seahorse particularly vulnerable to how they thought loss due to human activity. through pollution for example. now marine scientists at the noise in the basin project are conducting a new study to learn more about this unique animal. so today the last research done on this species in the past was in two thousand and one two thousand and three and since then no research so this study is the first to really investigate the quality of the species the habitat use and all these aspects will be used in on the ground conservation of this endangered species. the beauty of the noise has attracted a growing number of human residents with a negative impact on nature. the area is managed by the south african national park service says. they're not only concerned about pollution in the estuary they also want

all over the world of sea grass habitats like that in noise in the lagoon on the sea horses that live in them are under threat of extinction. or the marine scientists at the noise in the basin project their study and further education will lead to a more promising outcome working with an animal like this and having that apted love for animals like this enables you to spread that love and make people aware of how important animals like this in a. system. classes hopes the ten years from now sea horse conservation will be viewed as a success story. renewable energy as a source of power is gradually taking root in nigeria while the initial cost may have scared away some potential users those who have bought into the idea have had to do it on professional processes and i. know this has also ruined that expectations but one man said that he wanted to make a difference sonny out where he would decided that he was going to start up a training center that will be teaching nigerians how to install and maintain solar panels at no cost now let's go and see what he and his team are doing to ensur

there is the sea of japan. from the korean perspective that is the east sea. in the south china sea, if you talk to the philippines they will say that is the west indonesia sea, or asers to the south china sea the north -- everything is intention. air defense identification zones. i will not get into too much jargon. those are areas used for control of airspace. the u.s. has had them for many years. we had them in world war ii. korea and japan establish them later. china established one several years ago and it was uncoordinated and became disruptive. why do you care about that? resources, it the is sovereignty and jurisdiction that extends from that sovereignty and influence. different nations you those things in different ways and wish to exert them in various degrees. sometimes international norms and customs, sometimes not so much. beginning to hopefully paint this picture of why we have a fleet to defend these things because it becomes very complex very rapidly. one more slide. think of these as attitude overlays. cables.e undersea you see the density. th

the koreans would call it the west sea. there is the sea of japan.perspective, that is the east sea. the south china sea, if you talk to the philippines they will say it is the west philippine sea. or indonesia will refer to the south china sea as the north natuna sea because it recognizes the eez's. that is the neighborhood where everything is in tension and it is important. air defense identification zones. i won't get into too much jargon here i promise but those are areas used for control of airspace. the u.s. has had them for many years and we had them in world war ii. korea and japan established them later. china established one several years ago but it was uncoordinated and became disruptive and still is because it overlaps others from japan and korea. and to -- and taiwan as well. why do we care about that? what is the so what about these territorial claims? just the resources but sovereignty and jurisdiction that extends from the sovereignty. and then influence and different nations view those things and different ways and wish to extend the

these rules are designed to protect the sea. reporter: before the aquafarms were set up, overfishing had depleted stocks in the bay of assassins. totoday, thehere is again a ae variety of fish, along with snails and crabs. although 70% of people in the country live below the poverty line, this village is experiencing a certain degree of prosperity. madame seraphine was one of the first to start farming in 2009. seraphine: before the sea cucumber farms, i had d no wayo improve mymy standard of livin. by setting up my own pen, i've earned enough to send my two children to school. and i've been able to buy some nice and useful things for my house. i also have a herd of goats now. reporter: those who really want to show off their wealth here own pigs. there are many in tampolove. the animals are only slaughtered at christmas time. during the day, when the sea cucumbers have buried themselves deep in the sand, the farmers come out to clean the enclosures. there's a lot they don't know about the shy creatures, but they've learned that

used to be a city above sea level large parts already two or three make us below sea level and it's going to cost you will set and interdiction to meet us. at which ignored in jakarta seven ahau sent three year seven alshon to meet us and we have sections where we measure twenty said to be just per year so this is it alarmist rate and very difficult to keep up with the fence systems jeff if you think looking at cities around the wealth of a sinking and studying them is quite close i'm writing an. epic books about them just to white castle up should we be terrified that this is happening. well yeah we should be terrified of the ending kind of thoughtful way i mean it's first i was really important point out that jakarta sinking is. not typical of the risks that cities face around the world and they have a particularly bad problem of subsidence and other cities like that us have had problems with that also in new orleans and the gulf coast but the real problem for cities around the world the real thing to sort of be thinking about is rising seas because when you have in cities like chicago

she's convinced that orcas belong in the open sea. would you believe what a half a of convert time into up and coming several african country of this invasive species is a real problem that. chalk up what a wave and when they are removed people don't know what to do with all this vegetation indeed this artist is not just creative but he's also environmentally aware with this week's eco he. thought actually tree will be willing to add a few fish in these waters through the water hyacinth i don't see this problem and tackling them is dangerous work but it's not easy work we often have trouble with reptiles we gets next one of them because this doesn't look right we will get rid of it. if. we go to this tool to help. david a pig course the tool the hunt of glad he made it himself. but if we use it to have as the water hyacinths if. it's back breaking work then the boat gets stuck it takes david and robot ten minutes to get going again. now they're heading back to been indicted david's village is not too happy he's bought only hope for bu

there is the german high sea fleet. now unfortunately for the germans, the royal navy knew they were sortieing out into the north sea, and this had to do by a man name captain regional hall, known as blinker. he had an unfortunate habit of constantly blinking, so he was known as blinker hall, and later rear admiral. i will talk a little bit about him in a while, really in reference to the fame kwruous zimmerman telegram and the role he played in that episode. there's commander and chief of the grand fleet. his main strategy for dealing with the german high sea fleet was to bottle them up and prevent any interference with british trade. that was the fundamental strategy of the royal navy. his greatest fear for the loss of his ships was torpedos and mines. as a side, the greatest number of casualties inflicted on all ships tkao ships during the war was by mines. churchill, winston churchill was the first lord of the cabbentry. he is the only man that can lose the war in an afternoon, end quote. essentially what churchill

caspian sea country can claim as their. russian president vladimir putin said an agreement was crucial to regional security and beyond. bizarre brussels to the un security is very important and this is what underpins our agreement which is this region has an influence on afghanistan on the middle east so this really affects the basic interests states and we need to pull together to combat the threat of terrorism and trans boundary criminality. iran's president said support from the caspian sea countries for the iran nuclear deal was a good sign for an agreement on sharing the areas natural resources here for isn't as bad a drum borne of honor the five countries efforts to support the iran nuclear deal is a good step towards expanding regional cooperation and the betterment of relations between us the natural resources of the caspian sea belong to the five countries bordering it so to prevent any dispute in the areas we have not negotiated we must avoid any unilateral exploration of the natural resources in this area. becaus

resources that the caspian sea has for. the second point i think which is important is that iran has joint ventures that both talk of the sun and john with regard to. energy related in the. pipelines and different types of activities and iran's expertise in these areas given the fact that iran has been in business for many decades now much longer than the two other countries is going to benefit iran as about i think the third point is the relationship that you're seeing between iran and russia. as you describe at the end of the day interested in the sacrement for some years they were not but now their interest. after the issue of the nuclear actually made after the u.s. sanctions and after the fact that the europeans are not really going to be able to do much with regard to them if it actually meant is looking towards you know is looking towards not russia and these other countries are for and i'm sorry for it i'm sorry interrupt you but let me let me let me just for it sorry to interrupt you but let me just pick up another

it's forbidden to fish sea cucumber with dive materials to preserve the species. but there are many foreign investors that came here that pay the young malagasy people to fish sea cucumber with a bottle of gas, etc. the chinese came here and, as usual, they tried to offer infrastructures like roads, and as a counterpart, they want to be authorized to exploit natural resources. there is a very huge upsurge of these practices now, and it's a big threat to the natural resources, to their sustainability, and the environment in general. [man speaking native language] day: we believe that fish stocks are declining for multiple reasons, one of them being access to international markets. a lot of people in europe, a lot of people in asia enjoy to eat seafood which exists here. the population is growing in madagascar. there's lots of migration pressure as well. people from the inland come to the ocean because they want access to resources on the coast here. people know that their fisheries are in trouble but they have no other option but to fish. there is not enough govern

questioning is treated by out of tesla not he says saudi arabia is going to fund it and saving the dead sea problem new mining regulations could stop a mineral heavy waters from disappearing altogether. this is a business i'm christopher caldwell come turkey is fighting come on may collapse while president out of one rallied against what he called become nomic terrorists the country's central bank on monday said it would provide liquidity and cut reserve requirements for banks the lira clawed back some losses but remains under pressure last week the turkish currency hit a record low against the dollar shed more than forty percent of its value since the beginning of the year the fallout from de niro's plunge sent the euro to a new thirteen month low and hammered emerging market currencies as investors worried about contagion. now ever since that failed coup attempt in twenty sixteen turkey's central bankers have resisted raising interest rates despite double digit inflation the kind of inflation that makes a currency crisis possible and likely. for tourists these days turkey is a shopping pa

well is it a lake or is it a sea the definition of the caspian sea has been a sticking points for the five countries with caspian sea coast lines for more than twenty years now and the definition affects the different countries in different ways if it is a lake then the sea is divided equally between the five each of them getting twenty percent of the body whatever it is if it's a sea then the un convention on the law of the sea applies which means that each country gets a national sector relative to the size of its coastline now what this convention what this summit is likely to achieve is some sort of fudge it's neither a c. because it doesn't have access to the oceans and it's not a lake because of its immense size if they can settle this then all the countries can move on with fully realizing the caspian sea economic potential there are trillions of dollars worth of energy in the form of oil and gas and the the seabed and they're also keen security concerns that each of these countries have it's a serious diplomatic achievement to have got to this point with no conflicts really it

but with one big difference -- is it missing at sea, or murder at sea? >> can you understand what people see? you were the last person to see people alive. tonight, "20/20" investigating an ongoing case. with the only reporter to sit down with the son. >> do you think police have picked on you? >> i think they saw me as the lowest-hanging fruit. >> but targeted because of his diagnosis, or is there something suspicious going on? now, with an unsolved murder in the family's past and new information in the case, what really happened? >> they want to explore whether or not you sank the boat on purpose. >> we're done here this evening. >> lost at sea. >> good evening, i'm amy robach. david muir is off tonight. suspicions continue to swirl around this story. linzie janis, how she got this exclusive is a story all its own. >> reporter: my name is devin. i work the overnight shift at abc news. on the night of september 26th, i saw that one of the affiliate reporters had tweeted about someone who had been rescued at sea. i sent it around, but, you know, of cours

resources that the caspian sea has for. the second point i think which is important is that iran has joint ventures that both talk of the sun and john with regard to. energy related in the. pipelines and different types of activities and iran's expertise in these areas given the fact that iran has been in business for many decades now much longer than the two other countries is going to benefit iran. i think the third point is the relationship that you're seeing between iran and russia. as you describe at the end of the day interested in the sacrement for some years they were not but now their interests. after the issue of the nuclear actually made after the u.s. sanctions and after the fact that the europeans are not really going to be able to do much with regard to them if it actually meant is looking towards you know is looking towards not russia and these other countries are for and i'm sorry for it i'm sorry interrupt you but let me let me let me just for it sorry to interrupt you but let me just pick up another point

according to the report, by the year 2100 sea levels in the bay area will rise between 2.4 feet and 4.5 feet. although if there is extensive arctic ice melt, it could be up to 9.8 feet. >> there will be many ideas that are coming out of this. for example, on sea level rise there will be people talking about what you do in the face of a rising sea if you live in a coastal community. >> now this year the global climate action summit will be in california, san francisco to be exact starting september 12th and california governor jerry brown will be there. >> so changing liability for wildfires, the governor and pg&e are working to do that. how does this report affect that debate? >> it certainly doesn't hurt pg&e's case for sure. a big part of pg&e's push for less liability is the argument that it just can't control

utilize ation of the resources of the dead sea to benefit future generations. the big question now is whether israel chemicals will agree to an early read tend the deaths the mining concession as one of their core acids but off the role you can't extract minerals from a sea that isn't very any more. before we go as you know this has been a very very hot summer here in europe and not also not in europe also in asia the heat wave that has been hitting japan for the last few weeks is now also impacting a true institution of japanese culture the famous pre-dawn tuna auction at the world's biggest fish market fishmongers here have had to keep their cool trucks until the last moment as aging air conditioning are struggling to keep temperatures in the. market that opened in one thousand nine hundred thirty five to move to a more modern sides in october. can only hope with a more modern cooling system as well. and that's all for this edition of. you can stay up to date with the business headlines on the dot com we can also watch this and other programs. on behalf of th

dan: cara, is it over in the south china sea? you go to any think tank forum and you get some of the same answers, which is we've got to continue with -- we started the program, to their credit, we started a robust program so we can keep the freedom of navigation open. there is only so much you can do capacity building. , the chinese essentially, effectively controls much of it now. are we looking at this the wrong way? was it a massive territorial change, bigger probably then crimea that there is just -- what can we do? cara: that is not an easy question to answer. i am obliged to tell you that i am speaking in my personal capacity representing the carnegie endowment not on the u.s. government. the views are my own. i would love to comment on that. it is evident that there is no going back to before, right? china effectively changed the facts on the ground. to your question, is it over? what has changed is they have expanded rates, they have conducted incredible environmental damage and they have militarized these features. that

in the south china sea themselves. i think in terms of our ability to monitor it and asked about satellites, i think it's come it is sufficient. i think one thing we want to do is make more information public come shine a light on this activity so there's no doubt and occasionally we run into challenges with declassifying things and do it quickly enough but over time we want a light on this behavior because it is of concern to everyone in the region. >> got it. roger after that. >> why don't we take both, one question for each. we running out of time. >> thank you for engaging the dialogue again. the defense authorization bill just passed by the congress had some language is a good on-time one. i just wonder from the administration point of view, how are you going to execute like medical -- and routine arms sales to taiwan? thank you. >> i have a harder question. you talked a little bit about protecting the sovereignty and independence of countries in the region and, of course, it is china that is the external actor th

ship initiated in romance but they are arguably some of the most beautiful ships that have sailed the seas. they have these great lofty sales, white wings of canvas over very thin sharp holes. they were built for speed overcapacity. you have several great naval architects, they masterminded their creation in shipyards in boston and the east river of new york, and when i first started writing the book, i tried to write initially about the naval architect and shipbuilder donald mckay of boston who built such wonderful ships as the flying cloud, the romance of the sea, these wonderful poetic names and then i ran into a research night when i discovered most of his archives were destroyed by a flood. i was rather stuck when it came to research after i got the contract. then i was watching ken burns documentary on the roosevelt. they came out in 2014 i came across the name warned delano in my research and then he was featured on the ken burns documentary. he was the maternal grandfather of franklin delano are roosevelt and the father of sarah delano. sarah delano was a very fierce and productive

in terms of what we want, where interest is in the south china sea, china sea to much of the free flow of commerce, the ability for state to operate hasn't necessarily changed and this is where it's pollyanna-ish, but it's probably a fact. the international norm that is being widely debated right now frankly in the think tank world and academia with the liberal base growth and effectively -- it has served our interests and it served the interests of the countries in the region. it has provided peace and stability in press verity for seven years. it's a good thing. i was the time for not just the united states to be standing up in champagne rose, the partners and allies in like-minded countries in the region. to any spike in the u.s. maintains a daily presence. we are seeing more partners and allies transiting and conduct deemed operations. that is important especially the declaration that this is the country's territory. >> with your vast government experience in terms of operationalizing some of these issues involving maritime capacity building, randy mentioned turning maritimes main

resources that the caspian sea has for. the second point i think which is important is that iran has joint ventures that both. john with regard to. energy related in the. pipelines and different types of activities and iran's expertise in these areas given the fact that iran has been in business for many decades now much longer than the two other countries is going to benefit iran as about i think the third point is the relationship that we're seeing between iran and russia. as you describe at the end of the day interested in the sacrement for some years they were not but now their interests. after the issue of the nuclear actually made after the u.s. sanctions and after the fact that the europeans are not really going to be able to do much with regard to them if it actually meant is looking towards. looking towards not russia and these other countries are for and i'm sorry for it i'm sorry interrupt you but let me let me let me just for it sorry to interrupt you but let me just pick up another point because after the agree

is as the largest inland body of water in the world does it constitute a sea or is it a lake now the conclusion that they seem to reach an actor is that it's not really one it's not a lake because it's too big to be a lake and it's not really a sea because it's not actually connected to the world's oceans so it has aspects of one and aspects of the other and therefore it deserves its own special classification so what they have decided is to essentially have the surface of this body of water open for access for all of the five countries where as the bed of this body of water the floor needs to have further negotiations to divvy it up properly amongst these five countries at stake are more than a trillion several trillion dollars worth of energy oil and gas and pipelines to take it to lucrative markets around the world now the united states expects that if the caspian sea is full reserves of gas can be exploited then that will over the next ten years boost global production by twenty seven percent that's huge i mean that's that's going to have large ramifications for global energy mar

sea turtles and possibly also alligators.tile whose eggs skew female and whose sex is determined by nest temperatures. on this rooftop at the university of north florida biologist adam rosenblatts built 20 nests of 20 alligator eggs apiece. this plastic tarp will warm the nest by 5.5 degrees. that's how much hotter north florida's expected to be by the end of the centery. >> what's happening in sea turtles my thought was it could be happening in alligators as well and it could throw off the balance between males and females. >> reporter: >> reporter: back in winekin's lab she uses a mini camera to determine their sex after they reach six weeks old. sxwlif to wait until they're big enough for me to sort of look under their skirts. >> reporter: last night winekin's team released hundreds of hatchlings into the sea to the admiration of dozens of turtle fans. she knows the odds are already long for this prehistoric species, more so now that climate change is in play. >> there's some resilience in there that we as scientists may n

per se to express our concern about what china is doing in the south china sea themselves . in terms of our ability to monitor it and you asked about satellites, i think it's sufficient. i think one thing we want to do is make more information public, shine a light on this activity so that there's no doubt and occasionally we want to have challenges with the classifying things and doing it quickly enough but overtime we want the light shined on this behavior because it is of concern to everyone in the region . >> got it. >> why don't we take both, one question from each? >> thank you for engaging the dialogue again. the defense authorization bill just passed by the congress has some language specifically on taiwan. i wonder from the administration's point of view , how would you, how are you going to like a medical visit taught to taiwan and the high-levelvisit and in the routine arms sales to taiwan, thank you . >> roger cliff of the senate center for naval analysis. i have a harder question. you talked a little bit about protecting the sovereignty and independence of count

but so far no details on what they decided had been released it's all about how much of the caspian sea each country can claim as there is well the russian president vladimir putin said agreement was crucial to regional security and beyond. bizarre persisted a un security is very important and this is what underpins our agreements and this region has an influence on afghanistan on the middle east so this really affects the basic interests states and we need to pull together to combat the threat of terrorism and trans boundary criminality iran's president said support from the caspian sea countries for the iran nuclear deal was a good sign for an agreement on sharing the area's natural resources here for example as about a drum borne vonage the five countries efforts to support the iran nuclear deal is a good step towards expanding regional cooperation and the betterment of relations between us the natural resources of the caspian sea belong to the five countries bordering it so to prevent any dispute in the areas we have not negotiated we must avoid any unilateral exploration of the nat

because i'm talking to him about death in the mediterranean sea rescue and migration bundle. and see how does mr smith know you've experienced it all firsthand or you rescued shipwrecked africa with a german ship captain on a more in two thousand and four and in italy they arrested you as a human traffic are just that still pain you today it's hard to in on all. of this stuff has it's own you know the fact that motivates you to carry on fighting like and say injustices in the world he was off of it. as it was it's not as if i'm. especially angry with the italian most brutal been vikas they were actually all on my side we realized that in prison it was just italian government that has gotten worse and the murder of all. back then you wanted to help but you were charged with a serious and organized aiding and abetting of illegal entry you were facing four years in prison when the trial lasted for five years how did you cope with that it can't have been easy for us to make a little money for life i know i can't say it was but it's made me what i am today it's good now i know exa

you with us italy is stepping up pressure on its european partners to take more migrants rescued at sea italy's defense minister elisabetta tend to announce that she'll ask fellow e.u. defense ministers to rotate the ports that migrants embark at calling on other countries to share the load of the ears joint naval mission in the mediterranean operation sophia was created to target people smuggling but it's ended up rescuing thousands of migrants since its launch in two thousand and fifteen under current rules operation sophia brings all those rescued to italy rome says that practice is no longer acceptable and wants it changed or else it could stop accepting migrants . all the easy. chief diplomat frederick says it's a divisive issue and one that e.u. states need to tackle together here's what she had to say a short while ago the issue of how to share the management of migration flows that is not an issue for one single country but is a common this is why we have a european union operation at sea and this is why i believe that even if it's a very difficult discussion. it would be good i

and how it'll be divided up now the caspian sea is landlocked which raises the question whether it's indeed a sea or a lake five countries share its coastline and that's led to the dispute over which country lays claim over the caspian and how much if an agreement is reached to legally designate the caspian lake it would be divided up equally between the five nations so twenty percent each if it remains a sea the territory would be split between those countries according to how much coastline they share iran would therefore receive the smallest claim that's been the major sticking point in negotiations because the caspian lies above one of the world's largest collections of oil and gas some forty eight billion barrels of oil alone. that's the history rory challenge going to try to fathom and unlock all of this for us from moscow twenty years to agree the status rory of the sort of body of water a lake or at sea and of course is that mere definition that really matters so much that it. yeah of course and whether this is considered a lake or considered a sea matters differently to the