the text doesn't forbid segregation. the original understanding clearly allowed segregated schools. he thought he was going to win easily and for him he's so invested in the case, that after the oral argument drg i want all the readers to read this, the end of oral argument davis has tears in his eyes. thurgood marshal says that's how he was invested. in maintaining segregation. >> and on the other side was thurgood marshal as we mentioned. robert carter was part of the naacp legal team. robinson arguing the virginia case, lewis redding. jack greenburg argued part of the delaware case. george hayes and james naybrit. i want to show another video because you talked about the impact of this social experiment case. the doll case. so we have a video about kenneth and mamie clark, who had conducted this test, and we'll talk more about its impact on the justices deciding this case. let's watch. >> the doll test was integral to the brown v. board of education because it clearly demonstrated that separate was not equal and separate was not good. in fact separate was an injustice. what we're

segregation in those states were required. the blue states, no segregation laws. and the green states in the northeast and midwest, segregation was strictly prohibited. that was the situation going into this defense of -- by thurgood marshal of using the legal system to approach segregation in schools. that's really at the heart of this case. we're going to listen to thurgood marshall next, talking about the legal system and his thoughts on how to use the courts to address this problem in america. >> what's important to me is important the law and determine the condition of the negro. 4 he was emancipated by law and then disfranchised and segregated by law. i submit the history of the negro in this country demonstrates the importance of getting rid of hostile laws and seeking the security of new friendly laws, federal, state and local. >> other civil rights activists would chose different methods to make the case. thurgood marshall chose the law. can you talk more about that? >> sure. well, as jeff said, the strategy that was implemented by thurgood marshall and h

no other communities in kansas could legally segregate their elementary schools.le there certainly were no supporters of segregation and obviously saw the injustice of having to attend separate elementary schools, the african-american community also was very proud of their schools because these were excellent facilities. the teachers who were teaching in the classrooms like we're standing in right now all had bachelors degrees or masters degrees. that was going to be lost once schools were integrated. so while there was support for the idea of integration, there was also some resistance especially from the teachers and the local chapter of the naacp who feared the loss of these institutions and the loss of those jobs. there were african-american teachers in middle schools who lost their jobs. so there was very much tension between what was going to be gained, which was full access of these neighborhood schools where these african-american children live but also a sense of loss of what were going to happen to these teachers and students in these institutions. the m

and goes on to amherst and graduates could one day and really didn't experience the kind of segregation or with the cruelties associated with the rationalize nature of the united states at the turn of the century but there were times they were not able to socialize it is hard not to be conscious seven for a young man was an old soul love music and piano and was very well read and after his experience at amherst he goes home after graduating he is curious when it goes back to howard and teaches english class is as a young person working at howard and then world war one comes along it is interesting reading his own riding because he knew was coming even talking about the fact we are neutral and remaining neutral not getting into the war but it is coming here suez that momentum builds, he wants to understand his place but then we're is an immediate issue because now the military is segregated so young man with a wonderful education and brilliant mind who belongs in the black officer corps but there is none so he leads the way with the number of other colleagues at the historically black co

his long stay in segregation will continue. daniela guzman remains in segregation as well. she has decided to make the best of it. >> i met a sheriff the other day who was really happy and he said, i'd like to make the best out of any [ bleep ] situation i'm in. that's the way i'm looking at it now. >> not only has guzman, a former high school wrestler, begun to exercise, she's acquired a personal trainer. >> you can do it. put your back into it. >> i'm tired. >> hit the pushups. do it. just get it over with. just do five pushups. >> it's her upstairs neighbor, kelsey erwin. >> now go to the arm dips. then you'll walk it out. >> i still haven't lost hope. i basically came to like tell myself, you're probably going to be in here for the rest of your life. get used to it. >> what guzman can't accept is living in the administrative segregation unit for much longer. >> i'm going to see if they can take me out of here, man. >> yeah, get out of the ad-seg. >> what? >> you don't want these loud ass bitches all around. >> it sucks. certainly parts entirely. but it's mind over matte

our units are segregated. they don't interact with each other. so if we find a unit where you don't have enemies, where they don't know you, you can make it there. >> it's not the neighborhood that's so bad. it's the neighbors. that's what it is. >> here's what you need to know. listen to me. >> what? >> you're not going to manipulate the system here at limon. you've manipulated the system at every other system you've been at. that's not going to happen to limon. you'll go through the process just like every other inmate that comes in here does. if that means you go out in population, that's what you're going to go. if we verify custody issues and we move you, that's where you go. but you're going to do our process. we're not going to do yours. >> i'm going to do everything in my power to make, you know, the system work for me, in my favor. >> entering -- >> in regards to going to the hole. >> coming up -- >> [ bleep ] happens. >> george grahf faces the disciplinary board for flooding his cell block. >> you know of all people [ bleep ] happens he

. >>> angry inmates express their rage by flooding the segregation unit. the targets of their discontent include the prison sex offenders. >> it's not the neighborhood that's so bad. it's the neighbors. >> in my eyes, it's my duty to put the fear of god into this man. >> the special response team is called into action. [ bleep ] and another inmate nears the end of his sentence. >> we've got 60 days to polish you up. i don't know if we can do it. >> welcome to my life. ♪ >>> now i'm just finishing up some last-minute paperwork before the bus gets here. >> the bus meaning? >> the bus bringing new arrivals to the facility. and then once they get here, all the excitement starts. >> every week, dozens of new inmates arrive at limon correctional facility. a level 4 prison located on the barren plains of eastern colorado. the prison sits on 320 acres and houses inmates in six different living units. >> the type of offenders that we have at limon are violent offenders. we have 64% violent. 244 of our offenders are serving a life sentence. limon has had a reputatio

segregation by law. that's where you have the drinking fountains for white and black, or you have hard segregation by local ordinances. you didn't quite get that out west, right? it's what the scholars and sociologyists called de facto segregation, right? i can even write these terms on the board because analytically they might be useful to you as you do these, de facto versus de jury. it's almost by practice, by will. what i found in doing some of my research is that that's kind of not true, that there were very much public policies that were in place that segregated kids with color. one of them obviously is labor, right? so you tend to live near your job. and if your job doesn't hire, you know, people of color, right, or only hires people of color, you're going to live in a certain part of town. so that is one commonality that segregated blacks and latinos in southeast bakersfield. another that was even more critical was something called racial covenants and we've talked about racial covenants before,

you'll be moved to disciplinary segregation sometime today.you're good. >> reeves, will you just switch out jumpsuits for me, man? i need the orange one back. and pack all your stuff up. i'm gonna move you. >> you got these young guys. some of them don't care. so they all get smart. you can see his demeanor was a little agitated. tried to lie a little bit, saying the guy was already sitting at his seat. so right there, he tried to lie his way out of it. >> damn! >> all right, step forward. >> in this case, the surveillance footage not only revealed the truth. upon closer examination, it also revealed something about the binding properties oja foo it's gonna take one, two hits, and then the food finally comes out. i would say more than likely that's either macaroni and cheese or it's scalloped potatoes, which they make them kind of thick so it sticks to the trays. i guess that's what they say. "if it sticks to the tray, it sticks to your ribs," and it keeps you fuller. i don't know. i've been eating it for 17 years. it ain't killed me yet, so i

de facto segregation as i said is segregation by custom by practice, by will. and what i found in doing some of my research is that that's kind of not true, right. there were very much public policies in place that segregated kids of color. one of them obviously is labor, right. so you tend to live near your job. and if your job doesn't hire people of color or only hires people of color you know you'll live in a certain part of town. so that's one commonlety that grated them in bakersfield was hiring practices. another that was more critical was something called racial covenants. we've talked about these before. but i want to remind you what they are. these were agreements right, between people who were buying property and selling property that, again, you would not sell your property to a person of color, right if you were to sell the deed on your house. and so there were certain parts of town that people of color were absolutely not allowed to buy property in. and so as i dug a little bit deeper i started to find this in bakersfield. this is another primary s

sanctions imposed is 20 days punitive segregation.oing to give you credit for the three days you served and probate the remaining 17 until march the 11th. okay? >> how do you feel about the results? >> i disagree. but i think that i've put down substantial grounds for an appeal so that i think i may possibly win with that. >>> coming up -- >> i'm just despondent. i'm just about to give up on everything. >> the crackdown at limon could be causing one inmate to crack up. >> i have one photograph of the young man that was taken from this man's segregation cell. >> i'd like to point out -- >> please be quiet at this moment. [vo] progress is seizing the moment. your summer moment awaits you now that the summer of audi sales event is here. audi will cover your first month's lease payment on select models during the summer of audi sales event. (flourish spray noise) (flourish spray noise) (flourish spray noise) (flourish spray noise) the joy of real cream in 15 calories per serving. enough said. reddi-wip. (flourish spray noise) share the jo

but those who break the rules can wind up in disciplinary segregation. >> this is our disciplinary segregation solid. they have plexiglass on the windows so the inmates don't throw urine or feces, water, anything like that out on the staff or the work aides as they go through. you'll see the black-and-white striped jumpsuits, which represents disciplinary. these inmates only are allowed to have their legal work in their cell and a pencil. they get to come out one hour a day. they'll stay in their cells for 23 hours a day. they do not get visits, they do not go to the gym, they do not get any commissary or anything like that while they are doing disciplinary time. you'll hear the inmates refer to this as the ho. it tends to get a little loud and noisy. [ audible ] >> sometimes they get bored, sometimes they act out. so, that's life in the ho. business as usual. >> come on, let's go. >> i almost got your back, man. >> all right. >> why do i got to go for? >> basically because you're running around and acting crazy. >> y'all are lying, man. >> a lot of these guys, you've got to understand, they'r

after 30 days in segregation, he's been released back to a general population dorm. >> wake up, causeaby! >> kind of excited. feel like i'm back home with my friends. >> finding a housing unit where powell has no known enemies was a challenge, staff finally worked it out. but if he is to stay out of segregation, he needs to be on his best behavior. >> said that if i do anything i will be go back to max and i will not be back in the general population until i leave louisville correction department. >> so powell is taking no chances. even when it comes to getting out of bed. >> when i want to get down i ask my bunk mate do you mind if i get down. you know, if i disrespect putting my foot on his bed, lead to a fight. i give him respect, he give me respect. >> i can honestly say at one point in time it was fun coming to jail and doing prison time. you had your own clothes and they used to let you smoke. visit every day. but in t course of these 20 years, everything has changed. there's nothing fun about come to jail and being locked up no more. nothing at all. i don't like it. >> put your

. >> i'm currently housed in deep segregation for investigation. there was new female staff that started over in unit 4, and my job over in unit 4 was the unit clerk. and they were saying that i was spending way too much time in the office with the new female staff, and i explained that i don't spend anymore time in there with her than i did with any other officer. >> but according to rookie office dawn mcdaniel, hansen did more than spend too much time in the office. >> it was kind of over a couple of day period. just, you know, nonchalant questions here and there and, you know, asking me if i had a man, he'd make me happy, and just out of the blue he offered me a ring and said it was mine if i wanted it. and i was pretty sure i didn't want it. so i had to write a report and turn it in to the shift commander. >> hansen was written up for solicitation of staff. a charge the prison takes very seriously. >> as a department and as a facility, we have zero tolerance for staff becoming involved with offenders in any type of personal relationship. some o

so when you're looking at segregation in the american south. it's called segregation by law. so that's where you have the drinking fountains for white and black. the signs, right? or you have hard segregation was local ordnances. you didn't get that out west. it's what scholars call de facto segregation. i can write the terms on the board. analytically they might be useful to you. as you do some research. de facto versus. segregation by custom. so it's by practice by will. what i found in doing research is that that's kind of not true. that there were very much public policies that were in place. that segregated kids of color. one of them obviously is labor. so you tend to live near your job. and if your job doesn't hire people of color or only hires people of color, you're going to live in a certain part of town. that's one commonality that separated blacks and latinos in bakersfield frs hiring practices. another that was critical was something called racial k covenants. these were agreements between people who were buying property and selling property that again you would n

protective custody inmates are segregated. for powell who is jailed on 14 felony charges including assault and robbery to which he has pled not guilty, conflicts are common. so much so, jail officials have difficulty housing him. >> because he's been in so many fights, it's hard to keep shuffling him around and finding a spot where he can be in a dorm and have the same privileges as guys got in the dorm. it's kind of hard to find him a spot so he ends up mostly in single cells because it's easier to deal with his behavior that way. >> i have a reputation i first got here, i took initiative, beat up people, controlling floors, running floors, every time i've came back it gets worse and worse. >> he says his history of prior convictions all stems from a drive to be looked up to and feared by his peers. >> i have not been that person. but no matter how much i change people still accept me as the same person. >> he hopes good behavior could warrant an early release to general population. but that will be up to the chief of staff a

you had separate schools in topeka but no others could segregate their schools. while there were certainly no supporters of segregation and saw having to attend elementary schools the african american was very proud of their schools. the teachers who were teaching in the classrooms like the ones we are standing in right now all mad bachelors degrees. these were the only jobs in the city of topeka. it was going to be lost once schools were integrated. there was resistance who feared to loss of those institutions and the loss of those jobs. when the middle schools ind grated there were african american teachers who lost their jobs. there was also a of loss. the museum was designed and really the roots of that go back to the originsov of slavery in e united states. you'll be greeted by a folk ranger. it is a 25 series of films. it was every bit as unjust. with that as a starting point visitors can move into the first gallery of exhibits which looks at the importance of education in the african american community. it leads up to the decision to use education as the l

they are evidence of the dark days of jim crow segregation. i think that is precisely why we should leave them up. when we take them down, it is much easier to forget that there were once people in charge who did not want african-americans to vote, who wanted segregation in housing, schools, education, who celebrated the war to maintain slavery. i think you make an important case for continuing to keep up these tangible and important and significant reminders of the days of jim crow. host: the historian john meacham has an op ed in "the new york times" this morning, talking about statues on what you do for washington and jefferson? he says they were largely creatures of their time and yet each also believed in the transcended significance of the was committed to the journey of a more perfect union. by definition, the confederate hierarchy fail that test. those who took up arms for the confederacy were attempting to stop the american odyssey. what do you think about that argument? guest: of course, i agree with that. i am against taking any of

segregation 5 very hard to keep segregation so this book tells the story as best i can and i benefitedrom a lot of great folks willing to tell their stories. i may embarrass him, i want to point out reverend ed king, one of the leaders of this campaign, here with us. he and his students and other ministers throughout the country felt this was wrong on many levels but what better way to point out the immorality of segregation than to show up at churches and force white church people to make it difficult what they were doing. this tells the complete story of it, unique to the ministers, local ministers in jackson, they took strong courageous stand that cost them their jobs, we learned about ministers from outside mississippi and local folks who took part in this campaign and you learn about the degree to which the government structure of the city and state fought to keep these churches segregated. .. . >> ant lion very, very honored i have been on a lot of book panels but it has just come now in paperback i am very honored the of festival has chosen to put me in this book on a panel of m

things you'll see are pictures of white southern in places like tennessee fighting against the segregation of the school system and white rioters throwing rocks at members of the press, tech andand at t african-americans but the same issue you'll see a picture of the newly crowned ms. america who hails from the south. so the images serve this function that says no, were not a region of violence, were not n region of utility, region that's home to a tradition of grace and tranquility and beauty. not just southerners, but all america. all americans come to see what women as especially beautiful as the rightful owners of the physical beauty. the for black women this is really difficult. black women have struggled since slavery to claim beauty so for white women to be given this stage it's a slap in the face and there's a few examples of black southern women talking about this and how they resent the consequences of this. if you want to send a nutshell the relationship of white southern women versus black, white women's relationship to beauty essentially their pursuit more often than not serve

preserve them somewhere to protect as much of the memory that during the dark years of jim crow segregation people throughout the country erected statues to confederate war heroes. host: what is the best way to contextualize them if they should stay up? guest: that's a great question. i love what happened in talbot , where on thend courthouse lawn there is a statue of frederick douglass, the great abolitionist. that is exactly what i want to do. we need to create a dialogue. toglass and the monuments confederate soldiers are in dialogue. i think that is a brilliant idea. right behindents, the jefferson davis monument is the word love. there needs to be a sort of text associated with the monuments. the jefferson davis monument in richmond, virginia, make no reference to slavery. him as aabout defender of constitutionalism and the rights of states. idea of slavery having anything to do with the civil war. up, righthis was put at the turn of the 20th century, slavery was being erased from the memory of the civil war. now we know more, and that is the kind of contextualization that invites disc

david bell got ten days for possession of contraband and five days segregation.ing the segregation he will lose all privileges and be confined to a single cell 23 hours a day. >> what's 15 days compared to three years. no matter where you at it's all the same. it's just how you do your name. >> bell initially denied the tobacco wasn't his. he now tells a different story. >> yeah it was mine. it was mine. when it come to everybody else i can't really speak on them or who was involved or if it was somebody else involved. but of course some money got to be getting made off of it. because that's a whole lot. >> how much is one rolled cigarette? >> a name brand cigarette probably go anywhere from 5, 6, $7 in here by itself. >> how can you trade in currency when there is no currency in jail? it seems like standard currency ends up being commissary. >> i don't really want to expose the system how it works but people do have money on their books that can be released. so they can transfer it off of their books and send it to where you want it to go. like maybe somebody on

because of segregation.octors and lawyers had to live in the same spaces and neighborhoods as a strivers. -- bus drivers. there was more economic diversity. people took care of each other more. in some ways, that is not true. when we look at rates of homicide, they were just as bad back then as they are now. of building part of this beloved community, that was my experience growing up in this totally segregated all-black chicago. when martin luther king came to chicago, he said it was the most segregated city he had ever seen, worse than birmingham. after this experience in elementary school, literally going for days without ever seeing a white person except on to thisom made me go elite high school in chicago, where mayor daley sent his kids and all these rich, italian and irish and jewish kids went. my mom wanted me to have the same shot at that kind of high school education because she knew it would help me get into a good college. , got a great education there when they're kicking and screaming. it was a

is that to draw a school district line will cement in this segregation forever. there is no racism here. we have a wonderful, wonderful inclusionary community. financially strapped. >> those pushing to detach from mount diablo unified say the district is simply too big and too financially strapped. the con -- contra costa board of education is not in tonight. ultimately the state board of education will decide whether or not to put this issue on the ballot. >>> dozens of students at o'connell high school have come forward accusing their p.e. teacher and soccer coach of inappropriate behavior. only on 5 tonight susie steimle found out the principal knew about the allegations two years ago and did nothing. >> he would like put his hand on my thigh. >> reporter: alysha stone is the former captain of the john o'connell girls soccer team. before graduating in may she made one of the hardest decisions of her life. she reported bob gamino, her soccer coach, for sexual assault. it took her a whole school year to come forward. she said it started with verbal harassment in

battaglia was recently moved from sdisciplinary segregation.ying to bring drugs into jail. >> suboxone, it is fun while it lasted. right now he says he's used to the past and making life comfortab comfortable. >> i look for easy targets and easy money. i need to find a matt. >> you got one? >> you are go going to get robbed. black boy is going to run on you. you can deal with me or just get everything taken. i would not call it extortion, maybe protection. give me a bag of coffee or two bags of cookies or do this or do that. clean my room. i made a cake for nick for his birthday. i just gave him one of his favorite pictures, too. william bernard says battaglia is one of his few friends on the unit. >> yeah, me and whitey are friendly, he's good people. he's white so i like i am not racist but just i have my set ways. >> bernard says he's growing more confidence these days along with his new mohawk, he's learned new way to get by like trading commissary items. >> everything is for sale and everything has a price. you get ten of these and it is w

segregation was everywhere. they were fighting a real, concrete unapologetic enemy in american society that said listen, you will stay inferior and be treated that way and forgot about. or a famous essay in the '50s said you are probably right but go slow. you never heard of patrick henry. you will give me freedom or give me death. well, my parents were give me freedom or give me death. they were never apologetic and fought until the bitter end. i grew up seeing all of that and certainly had an impact on me. now, many 50s year later, america is a different place. america is not racist. racism is no longer stops the dreams and hopes of any black person in american life. you can do anything you want. you can be the president. you can see a ceo. you can be a dish washer. you can be anything you chose to be in america today. does that mean that every white person is going to love you? i don't know and i don't care. what is important is you have that opportunity. the opportunity is what it is all about. civil rights

today, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever and you get people that come in here and immediately decide to self-segregate and it's more tribalism than folks that want to -- >> what do you base that on? where yare you seeing that? immigrants traditionally in the united states -- >> you listened to jorge ramos. he makes a -- i've read some of his stuff. he makes it abundantly blaine, he wa pla he wants a quote/unquote -- >> i'm always curious about this when people say assimilate. assimilate to what? american culture. there's a lot of different american cultures. i'm always curious when people say assimilate. if you want to asim late sisim set of beliefs and ideals. when people say assimilate, it always rings to me as if people are saying you need to abandon your ethnicity and become more like, you know, the kind of the white america that i'm envision -- just explain to me what it is. i'm very confused by that always. >> what does white america mean? america, period. >> if someone -- >> charles, charles, let's talk music for a second. >> i don't want to. >> is motown about just bla

while in public schools only thirty six percent of black kids attend schools considered hyper segregated meaning schools which have a minority population of ninety to one hundred percent in charter schools that number doubles to seventy percent in the ten years spanning from two thousand and one to two thousand and eleven enroll men in charge of schools tripled to one million students a right of the penn state study declares after two decades the promise of integrated charter schools has not held up it might be that in some instances school choice is actually a deterrent to integration still the vast majority of american students eighty percent attend public schools ten percent attend private schools five percent go to charter schools and three percent are homeschooled but that could change if to boss has her way in her home state of michigan devolves promised school choice would lead to improved education yet it's had the opposite effect as political reports despite two decades of charter school growth the state's overall academic progress has failed to keep pace with other states michi

markel white was given 60 days in segregation, he lost all privileges including gym and visitation. he is on day fourteen of his stay. >> how has it been going in here? >> it is all right, man, all right sometimes. sometimes it is all right. it is stressful, not being out there, you know what i mean. what i really learned is i need to get out there to my son. that is the only thing that is really stressing me out. because i want to seriously be a father figure. because i know what it feels like not 206 -- to have a father, i don't want to send him through the same thing. >> you didn't have a father? >> i had one, but in and out. right now i'm following in his foot steps. >> when is the last time you actually got to touch your child? >> i ain't. >> you never touched your child? >> huh-uh, so i am tying to stay sean, trying to calm down. >> it has been several months since brian edmonds has touched or spoken to his son, brian jr., who is incarcerated a floor below him. >> when he first got locked up, we used to come out and visit together. but we had an argument, and they put keep-awa

school district line will cement in this segregation forever. >> there is no racism here. we have a wonderful, wonderful inclusionary community. >> reporter: supporters of secession have gathered roughly 6700 signatures from people who agree. now, the county's vote is basically a recommendation to the state board of education. the state board of education will now have to decide if the matter will go before voters. live in pleasant hill, i'm jessica flores, kpix 5. >>> time now 6:57. it's time for your "final 5." >> right now, harvey is taking aim at parts of texas and louisiana as it moves back on land for a second time. already 500 people were rescued from flooding in lake charles in western louisiana. in texas, a flash flood emergency is in effect for beaumont and port arthur. in houston, the rain is starting to subside. the confirmed death toll from harvey now stands at 10. >>> north korea is threatening more missile launches targeting the pacific ocean. the new threat comes as we get our first look at the country's first ballistic missile launch over japan. the presid

. >> byerly will soon have a disciplinary hearing to determine if he will go to segregation where he would lose most of his privileges and be locked in a cell 23 hours a day. but it would not be his first time there. >> all of my writings are for smoking, fighting, promoting contraband. and flooding my cells. if you get put in the hole while you're here and you're in prison, you go to the hole and you're going to prison. >> and prison is where byerly is headed. he was recently sentenced to five years after several repeat convictions for drug trafficking. he could transfer any day now. >> i ended up here because i was working for my father. and the money was getting a little bit of tight. and i liked the better things in life. so i started trafficking pills and stuff like that just to make extra money on the side. but i didn't do too well because look where i'm at. >> byerly, however, has accepted his fate and looks forward to leaving jail for prison where he believes he'll find better conditions. >> this is the worst time that you could do. this is the hardest time. it don't get no w