serbia.idn't quite work out that way. four weeks passed the austrians are dithering and delaying. finally on the 19th of july they hold the war council, this is in berthold's residents in vienna. the strudelhoff, yes that actually means the house of strudel, where they got together to plan the war, the staging of the war. by then they'd taken so long they were coming up against the fact that a presidential sim mitt was about to take place at st. petersburg with the president of france along with viviani who was premier and foreign minister and they didn't really want the french and russians to be able to coordinate a response while they were toasting champagne so they waited until after they left and sent telegrams to petersburg asking about details. unfortunately the russians had broken the austrian code so they were reading these telegrams. in the end they didn't even learn from this. the russians learned about the ultimatum, oddly enough, because berthold the foreign minister of austria-hu

larger serbia. they didn't want serbia to have access to the adriatic. they actually agreed on that. the kaiser took the opposite position. the kaiser took a pro-serb position. i suppose the assassination and the wildcard just can't figure out for some reason no one has been interested in this half of the confession. everybody knows about the first half. in the second half of the confession, he said quite openly that the russians gave him the green light and gave him money by which he meant the russian military at cachet, who may have been conducting a rogue foreign policy. there may have been no support from higher channels in st. petersburg. that was often true in this era. diplomats were on a longer leash than today and probably because communications were slower and given more leeway. in the case of the balkans he made policy and created the first balkan war. so it's a great question. frankly, i think in the end you would have to ask the russians because i just don't know. >> one more. >> contin

serbia. didn't quite work out that way. four weeks passed the austrians are dithering and delaying. finally on the 19th of july they hold the war council this is in berthold's residents in vienna. the strudelhoff, yes that actually means the house of strudel, where they got together to plan the war, the staging of the war. by then they'd taken so long they were coming up against the fact that a presidential sim mitt was about to take place at st. petersburg with the president of france along with viviani who was premier and foreign minister and they didn't really want the french and russians to be able to coordinate a response while they were toasting champagne so they waited until after they left and sent telegrams to petersburg asking about details. unfortunately the russians had broken the austrian code so they were reading these telegrams. in the end they didn't even learn from this. the russians learned about the ultimatum, oddly enough because berthold the foreign minister of austria hu

larger serbia.ey didn't want serbia to have access to -- they actually agreed on that. the kaiser took the opposite decision. they took a pro suburb decision. i suppose the assassination and the wildcard just can't figure out for some reason no one has been interested in this half of the confession. everybody knows about the first half. in the second half of the confession he said quite openly that the russians gave him the green light and gave him money by which he meant the -- who may have been conducting a rogue foreign policy. there may have been no support from higher channels. that was often true in this era. diplomats were on a longer leash than today and probably because communications were slower and given more leeway. in the case of the balkans he made policy and created the first war. so it's a great question. frankly, i think in the end you would have to ask the russians because i just don't know. >> one more. >> continuous in the same area you are discussing what's the end game of the a

in serbia, the independent serbia, which came out of the berlin of 1878, in that sense was also formedrussia invaded turkey in 1877.pçx all that said, in the balkan wars, in belgrade, it was definitely -- to some extent he was conducting a rogue foreign policy. that is to say, sozonick was not onboard during the balkan wars. hartfig gave the serbians a green light. in the second war when everyone ganged up on bulgaria, the russians left the bulgarians essentially out to dry. that's why they went the other 9ñ i think it's mostly a matter of prestige. for the russians, you have here this kind of proxy for russia's status as a great power or something. my own argument, which i make in the russian origins, that >;php russia's real interests were here. the straits question was the real biting interest of russian foreign policy. that's why russia was in a panic in 1914 because they were about to float these dread knots. originally expected to arrive in march. they actually protested this with the british. they were quite livid about it. the british brushed them off. they said, well, we can't

larger serbia.y didn't want serbia to have access to -- they actually agreed on that. the kaiser took the opposite decision. they took a pro suburb decision. i suppose the assassination and the wildcard just can't figure out for some reason no one has been interested in this half of the confession. everybody knows about the first half. in the second half of the confession he said quite openly that the russians gave him the green light and gave him money by which he meant the -- who may have been conducting a rogue foreign policy. there may have been no support from higher channels. that was often true in this era. diplomats were on a longer leash than today and probably because communications were slower and given more leeway. in the case of the balkans he made policy and created the first war. so it's a great question. frankly, i think in the end you would have to ask the russians because i just don't know. >> one more. >> continuous in the same area you are discussing what's the end game of the as

they sent an ultimate yum to serbia and then declared war on serbia which to some extent sent the dogs of war hauling. one has to resh by the time austria-hungary dispatched its ultimatum and declared war on serbia particularly in the latter case the declaration of war on serbia, russia had already begun its military preparations. russia had already been secretly mobilizing for three days before austria-hungary declared war on serbia on july 28th, 1914. so in the end the question of intentions, intent, war guilt, i think one of the great things about this question it's very difficult to resolve it satisfactorily for all parties. in the end that's why historians continue to be fascinated by it. because there are no easy answers to this question. you can find evidence to support just about any case. again my own case is one i like to think of balance, although of course, some people who have read my books say that i actually pin more blame on france and russia. i think that's partly because i'm aiming for a kind of corrective function, that is to say, to get people to think beyond the us

abandoned pipes in serbia should have been underground two weeks ago. part of a $40 billion gas highway. now a reminder of what serbia could have had. >> we lost a lot of money. we had planned to receive between 300 million euros just in transit fees. now we don't have any other way to earn that money. >> the south stream pipeline would have gone from russia, under the black sea and up through bulgeraire, through serbia, hungary and slovenia. now many are wondering what will come next. most of the pipeline was to come from russia, but serbia had counted on investment from other parts of the project like w we woulding. >> it's a definitely loss to young people who had an opportunity to use their skills. i hope something will come of it, although for now it is a severe blow. >> some in europe are blaming brussels for the stop of construction. it appears that it was in breaching e.u. law and cooler east-west relations are playing out. if russia was able to by plan thby pass the planned pipeline, an. al jazeera. >> teams are scrambling to find people who ar

after the assassination ofti th heir to the throne, austria putt pressure on serbia to allow them to conduct an investigation of ferdinand's assassination. serbia ak which sesed on austria's demands except that austria be able to use their owh police in serbian territory.rrit this led toory. a standoff. and eventually a military confrontation.tual when austria mobilized against s serbia, russia declared they would help defend the serbs. germanyst asked russia to stop their mobilization process and if russia mobilized they would declare war. germany declared war. and then there's sort of a e's o cascading effect which then nce france stepped in in support of russia, and then when germany invaded france by way of belg belgium, britain declared war in order to defend belgian belgia neutrality. we focused on the western front. for practical reasons. chos that's where the strength of the holdings of the university of wisconsin are. so a lot of material on germany's role, as well as what was happening in belgium and france. so we wanted to bring these sources to the fore.oor and really sor

capital city of serbia. less than two miles from the city center, serbia's largest and most infamous prison. centraini zatvor. known locally as cz. >> my parents are from belgrade so there was a bit more emotion going to a prison in serbia than say other prisons around the world. cz has an ominous reputation for serbs. it's where inmates went in, and then you'd never see them again. >> cz opened its doors in 1950 and has housed countless political prisoners, including opponents of the late serbian president slobodan milosevic. many were still there when milosevic himself was incarcerated here in 2001, while awaiting trial for corruption and war crimes. today it houses some of the nation's most dangerous criminals. including the assassin of a former serbian prime minister. >> translator: they have committed all kinds of criminal offenses. basically every criminal offense on the books. these include organized crimes, war crime and other serious criminal offenses such as homicide. >> like american prisons, cz f

seselj has made no secret of uniting russia and serbia. interrupting the interview se seslj's mobile phone--the russian national anthem, his ringtone of choice. >> all of our traditional members are members. e.u. countries bombed us. they grabbed kosovo from us. russia throughout history has never attacked us. >> from the start obstacles and delays have led to seselj's trial. in-fighting between officials forced the replacement of one of the presiding judges, setting the trial back by months. the. >> after all the proceedings were finished, the entire process was returned to square one. this is unacceptable. >> reporter: a new verdict is expected sometime next year, but seselj said that he won't return. >> no, if they arrest me, what could i do. >> reporter: while he remains in serbia his influence continues to grow. this is seselj at a national rally. as balkans come to terms with its violent history, the return of one of the most unrepent tent nationalists threatens old tensions. al jazeera. belgrade. >> oil-producing countries in the gu

that she will not cover austria, hungary, and serbia. or essentially the entire balkan front. now she has her reason for this she said it would needlessly complicate the story, lead to t tiresome length and so on.th it is true it's almost such an s inexhaustibly complicated story you can see why she left it out. but she didn't just leave out the balkans. she left out the entire july crisis.it's a if you read the book closely you'll notice she devotes only one line to sarajevo, and one paragraph to the entirety of the july crisis. so her book is not really about the outbreak of the first world war in terms of causation, in gy terms of the diplomatic narrative, in terms of the drama between the european capitals in july. ans, des she picks up only on august 1stt and unfortunately she actually gets one major date wrong. that is the night of 31 july ac 1914, it's a friday, and she da, says this is the night when thee french government essentially e president premier are woken up e in the middle of the night by the russians, who have been given this ultimatum by the germans, desper

they sent an ultimate yum to serbia and then declared war on serbia which to some extent sent the dogs of war hauling. one has to resh by the time austria-hungary dispatched its ultimatum and declared war on serbia particularly in the latter case the declaration of war on serbia, russia had already begun its military preparations. russia had already been secretly mobilizing for three days before austria-hungary declared war on serbia on july 28th, 1914. so in the end the question of intentions, intent, war guilt, i think one of the great things about this question it's very difficult to resolve it satisfactorily for all parties. in the end that's why historians continue to be fascinated by it. because there are no easy answers to this question. you can find evidence to support just about any case. again my own case is one i like to think of balance, although of course, some people who have read my books say that i actually pin more blame on france and russia. i think that's partly because i'm aiming for a kind of corrective function, that is to say, to get people to think beyond the us

this comes at a tentative time for serbia as it eases towards e.u. membership. there are those that are concern itted will lead to a lose of sovereignty and be damaging to its ties with russia. vojislav seselj made no secret of his desire to unit serbia and russia. >> interrupting the interview, vojislav seselj's mobile phone. the russian national anthem - his ring tone of choice. >> translation: all of our traditional members are e.u. members. russia is a friend and ally. e.u. countries bombed us in 1999. they bombed kosovo. russia, throughout history never attacked us. obstacles and delays be set the trial. the biggest upset was caused by the hague itself. infighting between the officials forced the replacement of one of the judges. serbian prosecutors accused the hague of being irresponsible. after all the court proceedings were finished and as they were reaching on agreement on the verdict the entire process was returned to square one. this is unacceptable. >> a new verdict is expected next year. vojislav seselj says he will not return. >> no. never. if they

serbia said it would bring reform. >> reporter: these abandoned pipes in northern serbia should have been underground two weeks ago, part of a $40 billion gas highway. they are a reminder of what serbia could have had. >> translation: we lost a lot of money, we planned to receive between 300 and 350 million euros from transit fees. now we don't have any other way to earn that money. >> reporter: the south stream pipeline would have gone from russia, under the black sea to bulgaria, passing through serbia, hungary and others. to provide gas for millions of households. serbs, from parliament to the factory floor wonder what will come n. most of the pipeline would come from russia, serbia counted on investments from other parts of the project, like welding. >> the cancellation is a loss for young people who had the opportunity to improve their kills. for now, it's a blow. >> reporter: some are blaming brussels for asking bulgaria to start the discussion. cooling east-west relations are playing out. if russia was able to bypass ukraine's pipe network, it would have leverage to make deman

would support him if he invaded in a punitive type of war, serbia.the kaiser answered yes. and his view was that was the real spark that brought up at world war i and in essence caused the allies to blame germany for the beginnings of war. i wonder if you have a view on that. >> i knew john keegan actually just not because we shared the subject, but we talked about this. i think that was a really very valuable way of looking at it to tell you the truth. the only thing i would add is i am talking about it today. if willie had been different, if the kaiser had been different, he may not have said yes. the alliance was there and the link as the germans like to call the two danish sisters and the way they influenced the respective husbands, that was very active as well. you did really have two camps. >> the question here in the back. can you speak a little bit about the danish princesses and their fashion and how that had a political -- >> i'm glad you asked. shortening the talk, i left out all sorts of things saying i better leave that out. that was one

this isn't just about serbia or moldova ah. moldova. >> the kremlin's sense, it's convinced that represents a threat orussian security. where the eu goes they tell you, nato will follow. peter sharp, al jazeera, moscow. >>> more than 1.7 million syrian refugees could go hungry this winter. the u.n. food program says it needs more than $64 million to finance the aid needed through december. >>> two sisters are being held as heroes in india after beating up men who were sexually harassing them on a bus. the video shows them beating the men with belts. >>> reuben dario azate has been released on monday. announced his resignation after 33 years in the military. >>> president obama has pledged stop police building a militarized culture. this after more protests over the michael brown shooting. shia britanzi reports. >>> walking out of businesses, offices and campuses aat lunch time. >> classes are participant, schools are important but justice is more important. >>> the expression of outrage of unarmed teenage are michael brown by a

there was a war between serbia and bulgaria in 1885. particular war, sort of the bulgarian army surprised european powers that it actually won battles. but it didn't transfer to anything in particular. i mean, it didn't -- they didn't win the territory. they didn't take the territory they had claimed. so these -- what i'm trying to say is the fact that you contribute troops, you can use it to argue -- to develop an argument why you lost. but we all know the armenians didn't get a state or the kurds didn't -- no, but not the state that -- not the state -- they didn't want the state that they wanted, right? >> they were promised enormous -- >> right, right. so were the bulgarians. the kurds didn't get -- the fact that you have soldiers on the ground is just one aspect. i see your point. >> of course, the classic example with what happened to the greeks, they were the winners and they overreached. didn't they? >> thank you. my question is, when you have an army that's bogged down in less than sanitary conditions and not particularly mobile

. >> he made no secret of his desire to create a pan slavic region, uniting russia and serbia. interrupting the interview, the mobile phone. the russian national anthem, the ring tone of choice. >> translation: all of our traditional enemies are e.u. members. russia is our trend and alley, u.s. countries bombed us. russia, throughout history, never attacked us. >> reporter: from the start, obstacles and delay beset the trial. the biggest upset caused by the hague itself. infighting between officials forced the replacement of one of the judges, setting the verdict back. the hague was accused of being irresponsible. >> translation: after all the court proceedings were finished, as they reached an agreement on the verdict, the process was returned to square one. this is unacceptable. >> a new verdict is expected next year. he will not return. >> no, never. if they arrest me, they need to know what i could do. >> reporter: he remains in serbia, his influence is growing. this is him at a recent rally. as the balkan struggles to come to terms with history. the return of one of the mo

and have already been sent back to serbia three times. man asked for his face not to be shown, because he used to work in afghanistan for a firm from the united states. >> the taliban two time, not one, two, three times they give me warning. after that they attacked my car, and also set a small bomb in my home. >> reporter: this girl is just four years old. she and her father have prepared food for the journey to germany. her mother is waiting there. one of many people who have already walked this long and arduous route. >>> still ahead on al jazeera, we mark 100 years since the adventures in one of the most inhospitable places on earth. ♪ >>> welcome back, the top stories on al jazeera. the case against kenyan president has collapsed. all charges against him have been dropped. he says he is relieved at the outcome. >>> u.s. president barack obama has picked former pentagon official ashton carter to be his next defense secretary. if confirmed he would be the fourth man in the top defense job in six years. >>> and amnesty international say

since his return to serbia he has thrown himself back into politics rallying into knowledge support. >>> with me now in the stewed dwroa can rodney dixon, a barrister in international law and has acted for both the prosecution and defense, for the former yugoslavia. thank you very much for coming into the studio. were you surprised he was released in the first place? >> the judges had a very difficult decision to make. they had to balance the humanitarian issues of him being very ill against whether they thought he would comply with these bail conditions. and i think in the circumstances given the gravity of his illness, they tended towards the humanitarian side. and did so on the basis they believed he would comply. the problem now is that he has not complied with these conditions, it would seem on the basis of the reports we're getting and they're going to have to relook at the case again. >> we see the pictures of hymn essentially rallying his supporters speaking to them doing all the things he was not supposed to have done. the court has to rule whether he should be essentially f

here we go, by the 28th of july, austria has declared war on serbia.to remember that the bam clkans have been troubl for a long time as well. that didn't come out of the blue either. it was the great powers like austria hungary, germany and russia behind the wings, pulling the puppet strings. as always. now wilhelm moves into one of his favorite roles which is as kriegs heir, the warlord. he struts around full of bombast, hardly knowing who he is. until one day it dawns on him that this really means he might be having to fight his cousins and he's absolutely appalled. and goes around to the palace saying too many enemies, how can my cousins do this to me? there he is, a child that was split as a child, still in the same psychological situation. so he finds that his navy is the reason for that as we know is turpits who got the army going with the army bill of 1913. but had his risk theory so for every great battleship. every three of britain, germany was to have two. interesting actually to my mind. you know, he didn't say three for three. he said two f

. >> li taken heads of 16 countries gathered in serbia's capital for their annual summit. many expressed hope about china's investment in the region. >> translator: this region could become an engine to move stagnant european economies. potential for partnership is big especially in the areas of transport, infrastructure, and energy. >> vujacic said that the leaders have to give hope to their people by focusing on the future. the economies are lagging behind those of western europe. china is establishing a stronger presence in develop regular johns by investing in infrastructure projects such as roads and power plants. next year's conference is expected to take place in china for the first time. >>> people in north korea are observing the end of formal mourning for their leader. kim jong-il died three years ago. state run media is commemorating kim's life and also highlighting the reign of his son and successor. a female announcer on state-run television read out a tribute to the late leader as she introduced a new documentary on his life. since kim died, north korean offi

he says he will not return. >> no, never. >> reporter: he remains in serbia, his influence will grow.his is him at a rally. as the balkans struckle to come to terms with history, the return of one of the most repentant nationalists threatens to inflame tensions. >>> pakistan has carried out four executions days after lifting a freeze on the death penalty. the men were accused of being involved in an attack on the former president. the moratorium was lived on tuesday. >>> since the syrian civil war began three years ago soldiers and troops loyal to the government defected. al jazeera spoke to an intelligence officer who left the military to join the armed opposition. they decided to leave armed groups and become a media activist. here is his story. >> i used to work as a security guard. part of the military intelligence division. by the end of 2011, at the beginning of the syrian revolution, as we received orders from the regime, and command to shoot and kim, i decided to defect. i started to coordinate to see the residents of the area. the regime's forces besieged hula at the time wit

they are a reminder of what serbia could have had. >> translation: we lost a lot of money, we planned to receive 300, and 350 euros. now with the budget the way it is, we don't have a way to earn that money. >> the pipeline would have gone from russia to the black sea. hungry and slovenia. it was fit to provide energy for 38 million households. now serbs wonder what will come next. most of the pipeline came from russia, serbia counted on investment from other parts. >> the cancellation is a loss for young people who had the opportunity to improve their skills, i hope something will come of it. for now it is a severe blow. >> some in europe are blaming brussels for asking bulgaria to stop construction. it said the project was in breach of e.u. law. analysts say cooling east-west relations are playing out. if russia bypassed the pipe network, we'd have leverage to make demands of kiev, encouraging allies to turn eastward. >> pipeline politics is putting energy supplies at risk, with a risk between moscow and the west to blame. >> the federal bureau of investigation tonight is warning u.

contractors did, they went to serbia, where they recruited serbian music producers to help them in cuba. the reason they thought this would work was because in 2000, there were youth miewssmentses and concerts in serbia that helped bring down the presidency. >> sreenivasan: there was already a community there that was already citizen speech against the government that was happening? >> oh, yes. the hip-hop scene was pretty much at its peak at that time. the artists were speaking out against the government. it was-- it took a lot of people, i think, by surprise to realize how much dissent was around in cuba at the time. but the ayersts that usaid was focusing on were called los aldeanos, and they had a song called "rap is war." >> sreenivasan: how did this go wrong? >> the people that were part of the program kept getting detained by the cuban officials who would go through their computers and thumb drives and constant trying to figure out what was going on. the u.s.a.i.d. contractors continued to go through customs with their computers and they were detained so many times, that the cuba

it product of serbia and argentina. that just adds another layer. if you think arjun tien as clean as a whistle and serbia is sturdy, are you going to pull out the blueberries because you think they are from arjun tina? it is not. -- nuts. >> it comes back to the clichÉ. think globally, buy locally. we are so spoiled. in february i can go down to the aforementioned market of plays in eugene, oregon and by beautiful asparagus flown up from peru. so slap my hand and wait until it is fairly strong california. the best thing to do, which we often have the luxury of thing you do in this town because of the co-op another stories and relationships with agriculture here is to get to know if not the farmer, at least the retailers. if you trust the retailers to know the distributor, know the farmer. that is the only way we can deal with this. but i such a spec pakula timon learned so much meeting pedro in bolivia. but we can't go to bolivia to see who is raising the beans and decide if they are clean or not. yes, ma'am. >> what appeared bad idea to boycott ge

serbia, gary, and others are very first -- serbia, hunt area, and others are very frustrated.e they had to wait. as a result and it couldn't go through bulgaria, all of the other eastern european countries were out of luck. in reality, it's a reaction to the eu. >> my experience in russia as that things happen suddenly. do you have a sense that putin is in control of his zeitgeist demo or will he be in control in the coming weeks? of his site guy's, or will he be in control in the coming weeks? >> i think we will see what happens -- is putin in control of his zeitgeist, or will he be in control of the coming weeks? >> a degree will see what happens this coming weeks. if things go south, he does not have his institutions to protect them. i'm wondering why he turned a moderate pro-western stance to aggressive revisionism. look at this statement by harold james. in terms of the sanctions and other economic headlines that are negative, what more can putin do with the likes of turkey to two in the right -- urn the tide in his favor? >> he's got to ride out the crisis and is quite c

when austria mobilized against serbia, russia declared that they would help defend the serbs and germanysked russia to stop their mobilization process and threatened they would declare war. down. germany declared war and then there's sort of a cascading affect which then france stepped in in support of russia and then when germany invaded france by way of belgium, britain declared war in order to defend belgian neutrality. we chose to focus on the western front. that's where the strengths are. a lot of territory on germany's role as well as what was happening in belgium and france. so we wanted to bring these sources to the floor and really sort of focus on just the western combat experience. >> these first cases here in the collection focus on the outbreak of the war in different country. here is what we're calling germany mobilizes for war. within the case you can see different images. crowds of assembled in berlin to receive news that germ any was declaring war of-ú russia and right here the kaiser is creating a crowd from the royal palace and the kaiser is sitting on his horse. some

>> reporter: while seshel remains in serbia his influence continues to grow. this is seshel and a recent nationalist rally. return of one of the most unrepentant nationalists. neve barker, al jazeera, belgrade. >> spain's princess cristina will be tried in march. >> spain's princess cristina, the king's sister has been indicted by a judge to face trial. she could be convict -- could be jailed if she is convicted of tax fraud. her husband a former olympic medalist. he is accused of embezzling $8 billion in public money. he was already due to go on trial. his wife expecting just a fine. now they will face charges together and she will become the first member of the royal family to appear in court since the monarchy was restored 40 years ago. >> translator: we have to remember that one is innocent until proven guilty. justice will resolve this. what we ask is that she gets a fair trial and that the law is respected. >> the presiding judge seen here earlier this year adamant that the royal family is seen to be fully accountable before the people of spain. and thes

in serbia russian forces on maneuvers with the serbian army. the first joint drill with the country seeking membership in the eu. it rang alarm bells but an indication of russia's determination to extend sphere of influence to the countries along its border. syria, $11 billion has been invested over the last ten years italy, hungary negotiated deals at below market rates. and austria, imports 60% of its gas from russia. >> it's essentially for kremlin to have countries inside european union. he would try to invoke sanction he. but the maim battle which putin lost in europe is battle for madam merkel's heart. especially after their five hours meeting in brisbane, she's now just furious about putin. >> reporter: the german chancellor delivered this stark warning about putin's ambitions in a speech following g-20 in brisbane last month. this is not just about ukraine, this is about mu moldova. about bribing influence in the yeuzeu, the kremlin is convince, represents a threat to russian security. where the eu goes they tell you nato will follow. p

a chinese leader visit to serbia was the first in 30 years. this scale of construction hasn't been seen since communist times. >> this bridge will shorten travel distances by more than an hour. we think both the chinese and serbian nations have given their best for its successful completion. >> the bridge is a sign of a strengthening ties between serbia and china, the first of many large-scale jointly projects in the coming years, said also to challenge the traditional influence that brussels has here in the balkans. >> over the course of the week, china's 300 strong delegation met with leaders from 16 central and eastern european countries. among a series that new deals is an agreement to replace serbia's aging railway with a new high speed link between budapest and the greek port, bringing chinese goods to european markets. as by thissing forges ahead with new roads into europe, some e.u. nations are wary of chinese competition. >> they were sort of concerned that china could give them another option and in a way, take them away from that ro

here is sapper. -- sanaa. >> members have been warned not to sign for clubs in serbia, as they risk not getting paid. 8 of the 16 top teams in the league have had their accounts blocked by the national bank, and cannot pay their staff. two weeks ago players of the club radaniki were threatened by supporters when me they went on site for not being paid for three months. real madrid are a win away from being crowned f.i.f.a. world cup champions, they fielded the strongest available line-up against a mexican side. and it showed on the pitch. >> reporter: going into the first game of the club world cup, up against cruzza zool of mexico, european champions were going to be a force to be reckoned with. unbeaten in 20 games, defender sergio ramos got them off and running with a header after 15 minutes, putting real in front. [ cheering and applause ] >> reporter: daniel cavahar's cross turned in by the french striker, making it 2-0. after the brab, reining world player cristiano ronaldo set up gar eted bale for the -- gareth bale for the third of the game. cruz came close to pulling one back.

he talks about the thing itself. >> a better time in norfolk than serbia many years ago. we have eight minutes until the next presentation. thank you very much. [ applause ] >>> here we are featuring american history tv programming and we would like to get your thoughts on our shows. e-mail us at americanhistorytv@cspan.org. >>> we would like to tell you about some of our other american history tv programs. join us every saturday at 4:00 p.m. eastern for a look at history book shelf. watch as american history writers talk about their books. that's history book shelf every saturday at 4:00 p.m. eastern here on american history tv on c-span 3. holiday festivities start with the lighting of the national christmas tree followed by white house christmas decorations and the lighting of the capitol christmas tree. then at 8:00 supreme court justice and former florida governor jeb bush on the bill of rights and the founding fathers. on c-span 2 venture into the art of good writing with steve pinker. see the feminist side of a superhero. at 7:00 p.m. author pamela paul and others

the average daily number of attacks over serbia was 120. we literally have not yet begun to fight. i hope we start soon. >> in the blue shirt. >> doug bob brooks of the international stability operations association. my question is about libya, another splendid war was very successful initially. is this one of those times we are not using enough military power? what should we be doing to influence events in this one? >> this is an example of a war the united states should not have involved itself in. in the last chapter of the book i make an argument for strong capability to conduct stability operations and counterinsurgency, i believe that is an essential tool the u.s. government as a whole, not just the military but the u.s. government needs to have. i didn't say it is a tool that should be used very rarely, and i propose fairly strict rules governing the american intervention in conflict. i do not believe the humanitarian crisis in libya had risen to a level of genocide. i do not believe that the rebellion in libya really affected american idol national interests so i disapprove

the return comes at a tentative time for serbia going to eu membership and people are concerned thathip of eu will have a loss of sovereignty for the country and damaging to the close ties with russia and no secret of desire to unite russia and serbi and and interrupting the interview is his mobile phone. ♪ the russian national and them, his ring tone of choice. >> translator: all of our traditional enemies are members, russia is our traditional friend and ally and eu countries bombed us in 1999 and grabbed cosovo from us and russia through the history has never attacked us. >> reporter: from the start obstacles and delays set off the trial and the resent upset was caused by the hague itself. in fighting between officials forced replacement of one of the presiding judges setting the verdict back by months and prosecutors accused the hague of being irresponsible. >> translator: after all the court proceedings were finished and as we were reaching agreement on the verdict the entire process was returned to square one, this is un acceacc e unacceptable. >> reporter: and a new verdict is

there was a war between serbia and bulgaria in 1885.particular war, sort of the bulgarian army surprised european powers that it actually won battles. but it didn't transfer to anything in particular. i mean, it didn't -- they didn't win the territory. they didn't take the territory they had claimed. so these -- what i'm trying to say is the fact that you contribute troops, you can use it to argue -- to develop an argument why you lost. but we all know the armenians didn't get a state or the kurds didn't -- no, but not the state that -- not the state -- they didn't want the state that they wanted, right? >> they were promised enormous -- >> right, right. so were the bulgarians. the kurds didn't get -- the fact that you have soldiers on the ground is just one aspect. i see your point. >> of course, the classic example with what happened to the greeks, they were the winners and they overreached. didn't they? >> thank you. my question is, when you have an army that's bogged down in less than sanitary conditions and not particularly mobile,

in serbia russian forces on monday vers with the army and a joint drill with a country seeking membership rang bells in brussels but it's an indication of the determination to extend the sphere of influence across the country on its borders and russia financial and economic investments are extensive and 11 billion by russia over ten years and italy, russia's main energy supplier, hungry negotiated secret loans with russia totaling $12 billion at below market rates and austria, import 60% of gas to russia aunt invested $60 billion in the country. >> it's for them to have countries inside the european union and try to have sanctions but the main battle which putin was feeling in europe was better for the heart and you know it is essentially after the meeting and she is just furious about putin. >> reporter: but german chancellor delivered this stark warning about putin's territorial ambitions following the g-20 last month and said this is not just about ukraine, it's moldova and georgia and we will have to ask about serbia. the view from brussels is president putin is bullying, buying and b

incident and have seen violence elsewhere over the weekend with the amount of firecrackers in an serbia manager and played and fans are banned from many serbian matches and the atmosphere all created by the fans. in fact, the coach was lucky to avoid serious injury when the firecracker hit his clothing and he said it was ugly atmosphere and it's increasingly common throughout serbia. >> and we mentioned messy with getting hit with a bottle and likely involved in another story later on fifa and about to be announced and who is that and who is likely to win it? >> well, i think they tied it up nicely in resent years because they brought the two main awards and brought them together under this current title and that means it is more satisfied over the years and dominated by mesi and won it three of four years and won it last year and by the amount of goals they score for the club and madrid and barcelona is phenomenal and dominate futbol but neither year has been ideal and look what happened with masi and argentina and maybe we see a third player to challenge them and should have been name

those here that are concerned that membership in the european union will be hugely damaging for serbia's close ties to russia. seshel has made no surprise of his desires. interrupting the interview, seshel's mobile phone. ♪ ♪ the russian national anthem his ring tone of choice. >> translator: all of our traditional enemies are eu members. russia is our traditional friend and ally. eu countries bombed us in 1999. they grabbed kosovo from us. russia throughout history has never attacked us. >> from the start, obstacles and delays have beset seshel's trial. but the biggest delay was caused by the hague itself. delays forced the replacement of one of the judges. setting back the process by months. after all the court proceedings were finished and as they were reaching an agreement on the verdict, the entire process was trowrnd squarreturned to square. this is unacceptable. >> seshel says he will not return. >> in my mind, never. if they arrest me, and bring me to account, what i could do? >> this is seshel at a recent internationalist rally, as the citizen return of the most unrepentant nati

. >> we had been told that this was the prison that houses the most notorious criminals of serbia. >>aximum security prison located in the serbian countryside outside belgrade. >> they had done the grounds up beautifully and you heard birds everywhere. all you could hear were the sounds of birds, birds, birds, birds. that was very surprising to me. you couldn't escape it. >> the prison's garden-like grounds and collection of birds, including peacocks, are part of a renovation project. prison officials felt a relaxing natural environment could help their rehabilitation efforts. >> it did actually have a calmer feel than i expected. the buildup was pretty big. serbia's biggest, most notorious prison, then here i am with peacocks and birds and cats wandering around. >> in fact, when we wandered into the prison's shoe factory where inmate workers make dozens of shoes per day, the scene was more reminiscent of a disney film than a prison. >> this is our pet. >> this shoe shop was a pretty unique area that we got to film in. and just the fact that all the shoes were being made by hand. and

i decided, in 2000, after the war with serbia, i would see if i could buy a vineyard. >> in 2006, he did just that. he bought two plots of land. today, the 12 acres bear fruit and olives. it was fruit harvest season when we went, and he invited me to tag along as he checked the grapes with his staff. >> it looks like we will salvage a little something from this terrible season. >> it was here in 2009 when he started getting calls from people like jim in treasury to -- jim milstein in treasury and hank greenberg to come back and take over aig. while postwar life in the area was serene, the u.s. was in a violent financial storm. >> it is a lot easier to run a vineyard than it is to run aig. >> walk me through what happened in croatia when you decided to go back. >> i thought that if aig failed, first and foremost, the insurance industry would never be the same. and i'm a big shareholder at metlife. the first thought i had was of metlife. and it would be in big trouble if aig failed because things are just going to unravel. that was my first thought. the second was that i thought it was

reporter: friday's police operation is a rare display of cooperation between investigators in bosnia and serbiaects were picked up in both countries. >> translator: we think that we need to work this way in the future, the message is very important that criminals have nowhere to hide, and would not be able to escape justice. >> reporter: the suspects haven't been named but they include senior former military officials as well as those suspected of doing the killing. >>> 17 migrants have died of hypothermia and dee hydration. the italian navy found an inflatable dingy adrift off of the coast of lampedusa with the bodies and 76 migrants aboard. two other boats crammed with migrants were discovered nearby. >>> well [ inaudible ] in rome who is the united nations special representative on human rights. >> the main problem with the way europe handles the migrant issue is that -- i think that europe hasn't yet adopted a long-term strategy for migration. there are short-term goals, often dictated by short-term political incentives, such as elections, which are essentially based on migration control, b

the united states had the 12th largest army in the world sharing that position with both greece and serbiaall three countries had armies numbering about 200,000 men. but by the end of world war i in 1918, the united states had an army of 4 million men in uniform and fully 2 million of them were in europe. it's remarkable to think that during that brief space of time we assembled such an army and were able to transport half of it to the battle fields of europe as a decisive influence in that conflict. from the outset of the war, americans were troubled and confused about america's role. there were some who thought that we ought to get involved, but they were an obvious minority. the remaining who thought we shouldn't be involved at all, and president wilson staked out from the beginning a position of american neutrality. i think he hoped that the united states could play a role in brokering a peace, serving as a mediator, and even when his wife was on her deathbed, he was writing a note, signing a letter to kaiser wilhelm of germany and king george v of great britain offering to mediate the