to provide taxpayers with sernl ti but going back to those core issues of tax reform. the two objectives of pro growth are often at odds. it is important when we talk about fairness to recognize that some of the policy remedies come with economic costs. this is a point that len made quite clearly. higher rates come at a economic cost the welfare loss associated with higher taxes related to the square of the tax rate. as the rates get higher the drag on the economy gets much, much, larger. relative to the square of the tax rates. to put this into perspective. i have a long career looking at the treasury department and i was involved in analyze iing changing tax rates. when you raise tax rates on high income taxpayers, one way to look at it is what does the revenue take to the government? when they estimate raising the top two rates, they would estimate the revenue gain from raising the top two rates 25% of that gain pick up would be lost due to behavial responses. that gives you a sense from the government's per spspective the cost a sense from the policy-maker's perspe