let me ask you, what are the advantages and disadvantages of radio seti versus optical seti? >> there are pros and cons. l lasers are good for bits. we should look for all kinds of different signals and not put all our money in one basket. it's hard to predict what other civilizations are doing. if you asked me 100 years ago, i would have said smoke signals. we try to launch a new project, a new idea every year. >> anything to add to the advantages or disadvantages? >> they are both sort of different colors of the same thing. literally different colors. they are both electromagnetic means of communication. we use bother in our telecommunications on earth. i suspect aliens will as well. just about every week i get an e-mail from somebody who says, you are looking for radio signals. that's so old school. the extraterrestrials will use sophisticated than that. i'm not sure what that is. that depends on physics we don't know. one shouldn't discount a technology because it's been around a while. we use the wheel every day. i suspect we will for a long time. >> thank you both for y

he co-authored seti 2020. his research has been featured in many broadcast news stories such as on abc and cbs and many major newspapers and magazines. his work has reached a younger audience through a science magazine for kids. mr. werthimer received his bachelor and master's from san francisco state university. i will recognize to start us off today dr. shostak. then we will go to mr. werthimer. >> thank you, congressman smith, for the country to be here. i'm going to give you a few big picture thoughts on the search for life. and in particular intelligent life, the kind of life that could uphold its side of the conversation as opposed to the microbal life. this is a subject of great interest to many people. let me back up a say that when you read in the paper about the discovery of new planet or something water on mars, you are looking at one of thing horses in a race to be the first to find extraterrestrial biology. >>> the first horse is to find it near bi. that's where the big money is. rovers on mars, m

for example optical seti. radio waves in space may not be the best way to either send signals across to other civilizations or to pick up random signals coming from civilization. radio waves can get distorted by the material that's actually out there between the stars in our galaxy. where is in the visible part of the spectrum the optical spectrum principles can send signals that are much more coherent. a big laser beam or some device. there's increased interest in looking for their interesting ideas that are bubbling up now that have to do with looking for some of the consequences of the technological civilization and -- post go here we are not going for bacteria. this is the real deal. >> guest: one idea is that assuming and there are many functions, we are extrapolating an enormous amount from our own nature. civilizations and intelligent organisms built machine machines and they came up with ways to extract energy from the equivalent of gasoline or maybe nuclear power or solar-powered. maybe it's electrica

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