shackleton was lovable and dependable in a way. he doesn't quite make it, the ship crashes, he doesn't make the crossing, doesn't make it to the pole. but as a leader of men, he's inspirational and beloved by his men. so you've got two larger-than-life characters, two living length jenlds coming out of this pursuit of the pole in this heroic age. >> host: edward larson, what happened to robert scott? his reputation? >> guest: robert scott had a little more trouble than the other two. but for a long period he was the larger hero. certainly until the 1960s. he was the larger hero. he was sailing for england. he led the first expedition, this one in 1901 is, 1904, the so-called discovery expedition because the ship's name was discovery which was the first to really sort of open up a big chunk of antarctica as part of a multi-nation expedition, but his was certainly the most successful. he becomes a national hero when he comes home for this first expedition. then he mounts his second one, and his second one he, by the this time, shackl

. >> who is shackleton? >> a british explorer he was not the venture with tremendous and charismatic personality. the british were putting together the first expedition although there was a hope to get there. the first one in 60 years with the major acquisition in the 1840's. this was around 1900. and with that geographic society to use naval personnel and even to do some research. he got himself assigned picked up as an officer and on the expedition and. and was captain of the ship. but the idea was to do magnetic research moseley also a geographical mapping and geological research and biological research but the main goal was to study those magnetic fields steadying the magnetic forces like time and electricity and magnetism were of great interest and ships still use them to navigate so we needed to know the lines of the polar exploration and for travel in the lowe's southern latitudes when new zealand was booming with gold rush to develop part of the british empire may be to have the better magnetic readi

." >> host: "an empire of ice" scott, shackleton, and the heroic age of antarctic science" professor edward larson at pepperdine university is the author. who was he? >> guest: the norwegian the competitor, the first doo-doo the northwest passage ever come the that cinched his fame as the heir to explore a and had gone down but he is credited to say that expedition or when they were trapped in the eyes. to be the great artistic explore but when perry claimed to have made it to the north pole he was not telling anyone and shifted the position to the south pole in bin then he had superb dog planning and but that was late december, the seasons are reversed in the south pole and

flames broke out this afternoon at the law offices of shackleton and hazel teen.he fire appears to have started on the upper floor but nobody was injured. >> new tonight a loaded gun found inside a philadelphia school. a loaded use see turned up today inside a locker at the walter dee palmer leadership partner charter school in frankford. officials changing locker combinations found that gun. no students were at the school at the time. it's unclear how long the gun had been there. >> 13 year old tia hudson is hospitalized tonight after being shot while sleeping in bed. the bullet went right through the wall of her home on hathaway drive early this morning. another bullet went through another house across the street breaking glass and you cut ago woman there. tia's shifter was there when that shooting happened. >> i just heard gunshots. i got down. i didn't pay attention until i heard tia scream. iran to my mom and we turned around she was like crawling towards us like she was bleeding. >> police say there was a gun fight on the corner there but they don't know yet

. >> host: "empire of ice" is the name of the book, scott shackleton and the heroic age of antarctic science is the subtitle. edward larson, professor here at pepperdine university, is the author. professor larson, who is roh wald amendson? >> guest: he was the norwegian, the competitor, actually a great explorer himself. he was the first to do the northwest passage, first person to ever get a group through the northwest passage. that cinched his fame as an arctic explorer. before that he had gone down to the antarctic with a belgian expedition, and he is credited with saving that expedition or one of the people who saved it when it got trapped in the ice to. he was, his hero to was manson the great arctic explorer of norway, and he had a passion for exploring. and his plan was to be the first to the north pole. but when robert perry claimed to have made it to the north pole, he -- without telling anyone -- shifted his expedition toward the south pole. he was already packed to go to the north and sailed south and managed to steal a march on robert scott who was a brit heading that wa

officials tell us the fire sparked at the shackletons had a haze seal teen law office.o word on what caused the fire. >> 13 year old camden county girl thought she was going to die after bullets pierced her bedroom wall striking her. a stray bullet hit tia hudson in her lower back. she was fast asleep on her bed on hathaway drive in sicklerville, new jersey, when it happened close to 1:00 this morning. across the street the stray bullet shattered glass and injured a 56 year old woman in her bedroom. as you can imagine everyone still very much shaken up including the sister of the girl is now recovering in the hospital. >> i went in there and i kissed her, whatever, gave her hug and i walk back in my room, two minutes later i hear gunshots boom, boom, boom, and the lady screamed i heard my sister scream. iran to get my mom and when i came out, my sister is crawling towards me saying she got shot and she started crying saying she was going to dime i was like you're not going to die. >> okay. >> crazy that you live we're not at the wrong place at the wrong time. we're home

we are talking about the early days way before shackleton and terry and so forth. the last expedition than ever to the sale to the north pole. i sort of underscore that. the idea was that if you bust through a little of the i see will eventually meet this we are seeing that everyone seemed to believe them. the idea that there was a warmonger based out there. but it does get to it there would be smooth sailing to the north pole. that is what this expedition was seeking to find with the open polar sea. it doesn't exist. it might exist in because of climate change but it didn't exist in 1880s. >> host: what was the fascination with the north pole then? >> guest: people were obsessed with this idea that there were certain places left, just a few places that have never been touched by man. one of the people i quote in the book talks about how a man will become obsessed with the idea that there is a room perhaps in his attic that he can't get to. drives you mad and now we know that there's really not much out there. it's just a shifting slab of ice and back then there we