battles and a lot of the struggles that took part in the eastern united states gettysburg, of course, sharpsburg or antitam. they think of the campaign in georgia and sherman's march from atlanta to savannah in late 1864 and up through the carolinas in late 1865. sometimes they'll think about the campaigns that took place in tennessee and mississippi. for example, the siege of vicksburg. there weren't a lot of major military actions that took place in texas. and so that -- texas sometimes doesn't get the attention that it probably should. galveston's role in the civil war was an important one. galveston at the time, in 1860 was the largest city in texas. it had it had the largest population. it was one of the two commercial centers of texas, and it was the primary seaport of texas. there were no rail connections between texas and the rest of the united states in 1860. you could not get on a train in texas and travel to the other parts of country. and so texas was, texas' primary link to the rest of the united states or after 1861 to the rest of the confederacy was by sea. and galveston was the b

thornton, who lived over here on beech street, because her husband had been killed at sharpsburg. lee visited her home in farmville. but she had 4 young boys. he said they had their best chance to get out of here and go to brazil. the local minister told him to leave parishioners alone. the reality is that southern presbyterian denomination opened up a foreign mission field in brazil but it was really to be a chaplaincy outreach to our kind of people there. professor clabough: thank you. >> i had a quick question. do you think the majority of the people left for political reasons? not wanting to live under yankee rule, or was it economics, perhaps hoping to establish a slave institution in brazil or elsewhere? do you have information about the states that they were more likely to have left? deep south like alabama or mississippi or upper south? i would think it would be deep south but i am guessing. professor clabough: let me start with your last question. yes, it was predominantly deep south states where the brazilian government advertised. the ports lended themselves to transpor

battles and a lot of the struggles that took part in the eastern united states gettysburg, of course, sharpsburg

seven days stuck at manassas, sharpsburg fredericksburg. on february 9, 1855, he was made general in chief of all confederate forces. 39 years of military service. meanwhile, grant is making his way toward this meeting. he has them, as i mentioned, staff and upon entering the facility, he meets general sheridan and asks where generally is located, and he was in the house there to surrender. rant indicated that -- grant and decay that they should ride. there is a vast difference in general grants background and appearance which makes this meeting kind of a symbolic one of division. a division in the history of the country. a division culturally, industrially. grant would dismount in the courtyard into the same hallway and go into the parlor. general lee is now seated behind a small oval top table, and using a king back chair. he has been about one hour. the longest half hour and e lee's life. one might imagine, since i reiterated all the things i've taken place in his life, and his idol being george washington, the things he would contemplat

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