shirley anne jackson and mr. templeton, we'll begin with you. >> i want to thank chairman smith, ranking member johnson, and of course all the members of the committee for convening this hearing so early in the new congress, on such an important topic. i really am honored to be here today with dr. jackson and dr. vest, really well-known innovators and great keen insight into policy. over the last 50 years scientific and technologicalal innovation has been responsible for as much as half of the economic growth. the united states has been a clear net global winner during this time. and while there are a number of factors that can explain that, i actually believe the investments by the federal government and basic research at our universities and at our federal labs were a critical factor in determining our success. i would point out, as we think about this topic, this phrase of research and development or r&d is used inseparabley many times and i think it's important to point out that inside of research and development there's something called basic research and to get a sense of that, it's really something that is don