he supported groups in sierra leon in liberia, the radical groups in the philippines. he tried to rad clies people in australia, in new zealand

coast of west africa and the black loyalists with a pioneer settlers of what became freetown in sierra leone. they were a bit more. >> reporter: and other black loyalists who ended up among the convicts on the first fleet bound for australia and others in india. sons of one of the most infamous. i like to think there is lineage and the other side of the world. the point is that within a few years of the end of the revolution the map of the vilest diaspore, actually a map of it a few pages into this book, the map looks a lot like that of the british empire as a whole. this points to one of the key features that i wanted to signal about the significance of looking at this nice aura. it really helps make sense of a seeming paradox. the american revolution was the greatest single the speed -- defeat for the british empire until the era of will or to. the greatest loss of territory, it plunged the empire into enormous step. a humiliating and a defeat as they saw their own closest colonists breakaway. yet, within just a dictator so burdened bounce back to a striking extent, and it was to be the br

they become pioneer settlers in different parts of the empire like sierra leone. it was put forward by an american loyalist and another feature of this spirit of 1783 is the clarified sense of imperial moral purpose particularly. this is apparent in a variety of dimensions, again, regarding loyalists, so, for example, the british government offers these refugees a whole range of charitable members to get them started, free passage to other british domains, land grants to establish themselves aany. they give them basic food rations, things like hose and shoes and nails and a raft of things that represents what modern aide agencies give out to refugees today. they had to uphold the commitment of freedom to black loyalists which is heavily contested of black patriots, but the british stick to this, and finally, the british also end up establishing a government commission which gives loyalists compensation for the property that they lost in america, and this is, at the time, a novel expansion of contemporary ideas of state welfare which barely resemble its current for

john's new brunswick, the bahamas, even freetown sierra leone you see the loyalists' actually rebeling against british authority asking for things like great representation and lower taxes, claims rather familiar to us from the revolutionary history. now, to give you a flavor of all of this, those are kind of the big arguments in this book. but it is also very much a narrative history. a history about individual figures and one of the things i was concerned to do is recover the experiences of these people who are a really neglected sort of refugee population in our historical understanding. and so, what i want to do with the rest of my time is read to you portions of the book which explain the story of the first refugee who actually kind of true me into this project. and she was a georgia loyalist called elizabeth johnston. and she wrote a memoir i can across early in my research. at that point fenimore was here and i wasn't living here so i made a photocopy and carried it around with me when i moved from one place to another only to then discover google books and did it on line in sho

and essentially the form of the modern state of sierra leone. and it's the result of the revolution. >> we had a history teacher we paid no attention to and so five years ago when i was back i looked in the library and on each side they would burn each other's houses and steal the cattle and had funny names. >> cowboys. some get something else. >> one was the cowboys' and -- the cowboys got to be everybody for a while but there were green code readers and i forgot the name they had, but one of the little footnotes, the history is when andre leaves the mcdonald after having obtained the defense of west point, he's walking along and a british uniform with a great coat on and he sees three nondescript soldiers and assumes they are tories and says i'm a british officer welcome to reality. we are not. [laughter] so that is hummocks that it was. and west chester, yes. was the deily knees cowboys. the delansy. >> [inaudible] >> if you want to get out of here early don't bring him up. [laughter] he's an incredible character. john singleton. he does a po

he supported groups in sierra leon in liberia, the radical groups in the philippines. he tried to rad clies people in australia, in new zealand throughout africa. he support it had red brigade. it was amaiding the sort of stuff that he was into. he was also very much connected in with terrorism including attacks on airports, air flights, pan am 103 uta 772 coming out of knew jare. he is connected with an attack on american marines in a disco tech 19 86. we attacked libya in the mid 1980s when ronald reagan was president in response to an incident in the gulf of sidra where libyan migs went outh out and attacked some of our plants and went after libya after the attack on our marines in berlin. host: in the previous administration, there was a sort of shift let's say and sanctions against libya had been suspended after they accepted responsibility for the locker by bombing and also they said that they would no longer be involved in the production of the distribution of weapons of mass destruction. was the thought here in washington by both republicans and democrats that

>> montanti: bosnia, el salvador, liberia, niger, sierra leone, iraq, china, indonesia, pakistan, haiti? >> pelley: how do you keep it running? >> montanti: on a prayer. ( laughs ) >> pelley: she simply begs and borrows from doctors and hospitals, whatever it takes. she's traveled to the middle east, arranging passports, cutting red tape, and getting wounded children out one at a time. word spread among soldiers in iraq that an american charity called global medical relief is a lifeline. >> montanti: we are working in mosul. >> pelley: now, she gets a dozen emails a month from the war zone, most of which start with "dear sir." >> montanti: there's so many. >> pelley: how do these letters end? >> montanti: "please help." >> pelley: it was an email like that that started wa'ad on his journey with elissa montanti. and seven weeks after he arrived, wa'ad was scheduled for his first surgery to repair his face. he walked into the hospital, thanks to his new prosthetic leg. when you first met miss elissa, do you remember what she told you that she would do for you? >> wa'ad ( translated ): she

some helped found the new sierra leone, so it's the loyalist exodus that is her favorite subject. >> guest: you mentioned joseph ellis' founding brothers and the biography of abigail adams. have you read and what do you think about david mccullough's john adams and ron chernow's bestseller on washington? >> guest: yes. i have not yet read the book on washington. i look forward to doing it, but i haven't done it. i did review john adams, the mccullough biography of adams for "the new york times", and i thought he did a lovely job of it. people criticize him for not paying much attention to john adams' thought. but i didn't think he was totally blif crouse of it -- oblivious of it, and he was more interested in other parts of adams' career. and, clearly, he managed to get a large part of the american reading public interested in john adams, and, you know, he became a great fan of john adams, and i'm a great fan of john adams, so i like the book, and i cheer for david mccullough's success. >> host: who was john hancock and why did he serve as president of the second continental congress

so i mean in sierra leone they use amputations to terrorize the populations. people use what works and if there is no consequence, if it's impunity reins and then why not this? and other factors involved. i think that you're wanting to say something in there, can i yield some of my time? >> yes, please. >> just to clarify that also a bit more. it's a displacement mechanism. it moves people out of the areas where these resources are so they can move in and take control of the mines and if you look at where -- >> so this is not just act of deprivity that happens in ungoverns space. it's deliberate, intentional for a larger geopolitical space. >> it's a strategy, absolutely. >> it's both. it's all those things. >> okay. >> you know what i mean? these tactics create an environment which where it seems like anything goes, you know what i mean? but i do absolutely concur from what i've seen from these two folks. it's about armed groups saying we're going after this area and attack them and then it becomes kind of a horrible reality where it's acceptable. >> i call i

so i mean in sierra leone they use amputations to terrorize the populations. people use what works and if there is no consequence, if it's impunity reins and then why not this? and other factors involved. i think that you're wanting to say something in there, can i yield some of my time? >> yes, please. >> just to clarify that also a bit more. it's a displacement mechanism. it moves people out of the areas where these resources are so they can move in and take control of the mines and if you look at where -- >> so this is not just act of deprivity that happens in ungoverns space. it's deliberate, intentional for a larger geopolitical space. >> it's a strategy, absolutely. >> it's both. it's all those things. >> okay. >> you know what i mean? these tactics create an environment which where it seems like anything goes, you know what i mean? but i do absolutely concur from what i've seen from these two folks. it's about armed groups saying we're going after this area and attack them and then it becomes kind of a horrible reality where it's acceptable. >> i call i

carnahan became the first american ambassador to the newly independent sierra leone in 1961, so he has a strong interest and has had a number of conversations with me about africa. we are also pleased to be joined by mrs. karen bass she is not only new to the committee, but new to congress. however, this former speaker of the california assembly, the first african-american woman to hold a speaker's gavel in the history of this nation, and so we are very pleased and honored to have her as a member of our committee, and so she's no stranger to legislating. i welcome the opportunity to help ms. bass turn her experience in women's health, and economic empowerment into policies that can benefit the enterprising women of africa and their children. i'm excited to have this small, but powerful team with us here on our committee. i want to also recognize representative mcdermott, author of the bipartisan conflict minerals act which is an important tool for accomplishing long-term stability and economic growth, and he's also the authority of the agoa act. we call him the father, but he is older

he supported groups in sierra leon in liberia, the radical groups in the philippines. he tried to rad clies people in australia, in new zealand throughout africa. he support it had red brigade. it was amaiding the sort of stuff that he was into. he was also very much connected in with terrorism including attacks on airports, air flights, pan am 103 uta 772 coming out of knew jare. he is connected with an attack on american marines in a disco tech 19 86. we attacked libya in the mid 1980s when ronald reagan was president in response to an incident in the gulf of sidra where libyan migs went outh out and attacked some of our plants and went after libya after the attack on our marines in berlin. host: in the previous administration, there was a sort of shift let's say and sanctions against libya had been suspended after they accepted responsibility for the locker by bombing and also they said that they would no longer be involved in the production of the distribution of weapons of mass destruction. was the thought here in washington by both republicans and democrats that

carnahan became the first american ambassador to the newly independent sierra leone in 1961, so he has a strong interest and has had a number of conversations with me about africa. we are also pleased to be joined by mrs. karen bass she is not only new to the committee, but new to congress. however, this former speaker of the california assembly, the first african-american woman to hold a speaker's gavel in the history of this nation, and so we are very pleased and honored to have her as a member of our committee, and so she's no stranger to legislating. i welcome the opportunity to help ms. bass turn her experience in women's health, and economic empowerment into policies that can benefit the enterprising women of africa and their children. i'm excited to have this small, but powerful team with us here on our committee. i want to also recognize representative mcdermott, author of the bipartisan conflict minerals act which is an important tool for accomplishing long-term stability and economic growth, and he's also the authority of the agoa act. we call him the father, but he is older

even issues of muammar gaddafi getting africans from other countries, i grew up in sierra leone. there was a military government in charge that we for trying to get out of power. -- that we were trying to get out of power. when you see the same people that look like you going to a culture, that helps. america, europeans, asians, you can come up with an organization in the middle east, but to have anything else on the continent, they will not help. host: on the wisconsin budget battle here is "usa today." "schools take a hit as protesting employees around the capital." host: we have been following that situation in wisconsin. for coverage, go to our website, c-span.org. matthew, ill., independent, wilmington? forethoughts? matthew? matthew? matthew? caller: thank you for taking my call. thank you for c-span. i have been following this closely in the newspaper, television and media. the libyan country holds 2% of the world's oil supply and the record of that goes to europe. i do not see why they are a threat to. i think that the people can take care of it themselves. unfortunately,

. >> gaddafi, knew he was about to be indicted for war crimes for sierra leone. he well understands the reach of international criminal law. will he make -- will my hon. friend make it clear that it is not just gaddafi that stands at risk of being indicted by the icc where all those around him responsible for war crimes? >> an extremely good point. the we are making sure that gaddafi and his committee colleagues know they are in danger of going in front of the icc, but also the regime is in danger. and added to that, anyone who thinks he is a mercenary, organizing and mercenaries -- or organizing mercenaries faces the same. >> i supported the freedom struggle of the libyan people and i support the u.n., but i have reservations about using western powers in this region. in the short term, is there to be a fine lot of for peace? ? -- for peace talks? and can i also say that given the change of regimes in this region, given what is happening in bahrain, can i urge you to go to the united nations and say now is the opportune time to reestablish a middle eastern confe

carnahan, became the first united states ambassador to the newly-independent sierra leone in 1961, and so he has a very strong interest and has had a number of conversations with me about africa. we also are pleased to be joined by ms. karen bass. she's not only new to the committee, but she's new tosed congress. however, this former speaker of the california assembly, thess first african-american woman to hold a speaker's gavel in the history of this nation, and so we are very pleased and honored to have her as a member of our committee. and so she's no stranger to legislating. i welcome the opportunity to help ms. because turn her -- bass turn her experience and interest in health, women's rights and economic empowerment into policies that can benefit enterprising women of africame' and their children. i'm excited to have this small but powerful team with us here on our committee.en o want to also recognizesmal representative of mcdermott, author of the bipartisan conflict minerals act which is an important tool for accomplishing long-termnfli stability and economic growth, and he's