no, no, no, that's not what it is says sigmund freud. what does freud say? what causes homosexuality? what causes everything? >> what? >> social. >> what's at the basis of everything, ashley? >> parents, your upbringing, your -- and everyone, everyone is sexual, all right. men are sexual. women are sexual. and this is a big change, remember, from all the victorian sexuality we've been talking about. freud says, no, no, no. everyone is sexual. children are sexual. babies are sexual. everything is based in sex and sexuality. so it's not biology, he says. homosexuality comes from improper, unnatural family dynamics. bad upbringing and so forth. so let's talk about freud's attitudes about sex for a minute because not everybody immediately becomes a freudian. but his attitudes and his ideas about sexuality do change things pretty quickly, particularly for women's sexuality. so we're going to go pretty quickly from all women are asexual to, yes, women have sexual drives and so forth. so on the one hand, freud gives women a lot. he's kind of giving them back their

no, no, that's not what it is, it is sigmund freud, what does freud say? >> what kacauses everything? >> social, what's the bases of everything, ashley? parents, your upbringing and everyone is sexual. men are sexual and women are sexual. this is a big change from all the victorian. freud says everything is based in sex or sexuality. it is not biology he says. it comes from in proper and unnatural family dynamics and bad upbringing and so forth. lets talk about freud's attitude about sex for a moment. not everybody becomes a freudian. his attitude and idea about sexuality, do change things quickly for women sexuality. we are going to go quickly from all women are asexual. on the one hand, freud gives women a lot, a lot of their sexuality. freud is taking something away. what is freud's big thing? what do all women suffer from? what do all women suffer from? penis envy. >> women are sexual but they are all frustrated because they cannot be men. there is sort of the return of women sexuality, but again it is a little -- you know, it is distorted. here we pic

however, interest in sigmund freud and the new

sigmund freud wrote about hysteria. i don't want to write about that for the 18th-century but the phenomenon was foreign. maybe it wasn't even happening in freud's vienna. one has to use psychological insight but without the whole paraphernalia of modern psychology. if i suddenly start saying the george washington had an oedipus complex, you have to find a way to analyze the character that is true to the period. people were not introspective in the way that they are today. starting perhaps in the mid-19th century. people were not analyzing their own psyches. annette: john adams did. ron: george washington and alexander hamilton were so extraordinarily bright and they never seemed to turn that searchlight of their intelligence on themselves. when they reveal themselves inadvertently, i could give one small example with george washington. everyone noticed he had this poker face. it was very difficult to read his emotions. i found myself wondering was this accidental or deliberate. during the second term, as he was approac

however, interest in sigmund freud and the new field of psychology brought sexuality into popular discussion. also, the culture began to place more emphasis on masculinity, with figures such as president theodore roosevelt leading the charge. as a result, gay men and lesbians were considered deviants from the cultural ideal and became subject to prejudice and stereotyping. santa clara university is in california. this class is just over an hour.

however, interest in sigmund freud and the new field of psychology brought sexuality into popular discussion. also, the culture began to place more emphasis on masculinity, with figures such as president theodore roosevelt leading the charge. as a result, gay men and lesbians were considered deviants from the cultural ideal and became subject to prejudice and stereotyping. santa clara university is in california. this class is just over an hour. >> good morning. today, after three weeks in this class of talking about how there are -- there had been from the colonial period through early american history same-sex acts that people seem to know about, but not homosexuals. there wasn't that identity.

so for instance sigmund freud wrote about hysteria in victorian women, i don't want to introduce the term hysteria because the term is foreign but the phenomenon was foreign. it didn't even happen in freud's vienna. so i think you have to use the insights but without the paraphernalia of modern day history. >> jargon is typically wrong. >> defiene paraphernalia. >> well, if i start saying george washington had an oedipus complex that not only shatters the mood but you have to figure out a way of analyzing the character that's true to the period. one of the things that makes it difficult to write about the 18th century is that people were not intro spective in the way they became starting in the mid-19th century. people were not only'sing their own psyches. >> well, john adams did. >> adams, yes. adams is in many ways the most interesting mind in that way but having spent 11 or 12 years with george washington and alexander hamilton, wtwo men who were extraordinarily bright never seemed to turn the search light of their intelligence on themselves and so when they reveal themselves they

so for instance, if sigmund freud wrote about hysteria in victorian women, i don't want to introduce the term hysteria in writing about the 18th century because it may be not only is the term foreign, but it may have been that the phenomenon was foreign. maybe a lot of people said -- maybe it wasn't even happening in freud's vienna. so i think that one has to use psychological insights. but without the whole kind of paraphernalia of modern psychology. >> jargon is typically wrong or problematic. >> define that, ron. define paraphernalia. what do you mean? >> well, if i suddenly start saying george washington had an edifice complex, you know, that that not only immediately shatters the mood but you have to figure out a way to analyze the character that's true to the period. one of the things that is -- i think makes it difficult to write about the 18th century is that people were not introspective in the way that they became particularly i think starting in the mid-19th century. people were not analyzing their own psyches. i mean i found that amazing -- >> john adams did. >> adams was