you know, i'm looking now at research done by simon patterson brown who's a former chairman of the patientn scotland and he talks about arrogance, narcissism, different character traits which sometimes make surgeons very difficult to work with. i think you're absolutely right there. that is very true of the early days of heart surgery. before the heart—lung machine worked properly and before any of the safety features were introduced, heart surgery was a sort of desperate last ditch attempt for people who were in dire straits and the sort of stuff that people did was horrible and dangerous and many patients died as a result. but if you survived, it began to look like it would be a feasible option. but to be one of the pioneering heart surgeons, you had to be a serious risk taker. you had to be a cowboy. you had to be prepared to throw caution to the wind in order to get anywhere. nowadays, i think we're a lot more boring. laughter. but probably a lot safer as a result of 50 years of development. and interestingly, you say, even in the course of your career, you've noticed a change in yours