the fourth is the slm, the algerian independence movement fighting against the french from approximately 1950-1963. what i'm looking at is what's common in these different approaches to strategy, what worked, what failed. because we as terrorists, remember, we are terrorists in this thought experiment. we as terrorists want to know what works and what fails to we need to make a distinction between methodology and -- plenty of people who join terrorist organizations are criminals. some are not but just because they are criminals are nuts doesn't mean their bosses are irrational. we should give the terrorist leaders credit for being rational, at least until they have proved themselves otherwise. when ice irrational, i mean about the methodology, not about the etiology. so i start by thinking about the rational use of violence and the classic source for thinking about that is -- [inaudible] who defines war as an act of violence to compel your adversaries to do your will. the violence is not in in in itself. instead it is a means to achieve something else, your will, which is your political