slotkin: then say yes or no. donald trump asked for the active duty second airborne to be deployed during that same time. secretary esper has written that he convinced him against that decision. if donald trump asked you to use the 82nd airborne in law enforcement roles in washington, d.c., would you also convince him otherwise? mr. hegseth: i'm not going to get ahead of conversations i would have with the president. however, there are laws and processes inside our constitution that would be followed. sen. slotkin: president trump said in november he is willing to consider using the active-duty military against "the enemy within." have you been personally involved in discussions of using the u.s. military, active-duty, inside the united states? mr. hegseth: senator, i'm glad we finally got to the topic of border security equaling national security, because it has been abdicated and ignored for the last -- sen. slotkin: that was not my question. have you been involved -- you are about to be the secretary of defens

senator banks of indiana, senator sheehy of montana and senator slotkin of michigan. we are excited to have you as committee colleagues and look forward to many important contributions from each of you. senator slotkin, is a look at the end of the dais, it seems only a week or two ago i was sitting in that very chair being recognized by the chairman of the committee, the distinguished senator from michigan. time flies. let me say this. we had very appropriate expression of approval by the members -- members of the audience as are nominee and his family walked in. the distinguished ranking member and i sincerely hope that is the last signal of approval or disapproval in today's hearing. people of the public are here. they are welcome to observe today's hearing. senator reed and i agree that no disruptions will be allowed. audience members may not verbally or physically distract from the hearing, to include shouting, standing or raising signage or gestures that block the view of the audience. we are very serious about this. aren't we, mr. reed? sen. reed: absolutely cer

slotkin, ms. warren, mr. whitehouse, mr. wicker. the vice president: please raise your right hand. do you solemnly swear that you will support and defend the constitution of the united states against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that you will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that you take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that you will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office upon which you are about to enter, so help you god? the senators: i do. the vice president: congratulations, senators. the vice president: the majority leader. mr. thune: i suggest the absence of a quorum. the vice president: the absence of a quorum having been -- the absence of a quorum having been suggested, the clerk will call the roll. quorum call: the clerk: ms. alsobrooks. ms. baldwin. mr. banks. mr. barrasso. mr. bennet. mrs. blackburn. mr. blumenthal. ms. blunt rochester. mr. booker. mr. boozman. mrs. britt. mr. budd. ms. cantwell. mrs. capito. mr. cassidy. ms. collins. mr. coons. mr. cornyn. ms. cortez masto. mr. cotton. mr

slotkin: the other question i have is on your views of the civil service. again, as a cia officer, it has been set up and reformed over the years to provide the best assessment and advice to the president. you said omb was not an agency where you had a problem but which bureaucracies do specifically believe have been weaponized? mr. vought: i won't get into all of the agencies. but i think the department of justice is clearly one that has bureaucracies with in it that have engaged in trying to take out their own president during the first term. the extent to which the fbi goes and investigates somebody that comes to a school board meeting in loudoun county for being concerned about the situation with his daughter and is investigated as a domestic terrorist. sen. slotkin: so the director and deputy director of these agencies are at the prerogative of the president and any president has appointee jobs they get to advocate over the bureaucracy, i don't quibble with that. do you believe intelligence agencies and law enforcement agencies need more political appo

slotkin: i hope we stand for that. even when we deeply disagree's actions, their service and discharge status is determined based on their moment that they served the country, whether we like their views or not. that is why we never had the veterans benefits taken away from people like the january 6 protesters, even when they were convicted. similarly, we are watching now senior people from the u.s. military and coast guard be removed from their jobs on us or trump's first day. i want your assurances that you are not going to change their veteran benefits that they earned if the discharge status is what it is from the department of defense. rep. collins: i think encouraging and outgoing down a path of hypotheticals here -- when it comes to the veterans coming to the v.a., the veteran comes with the benefits they have earned through their service and how they get to us. we will make sure veterans are taken care of with their status when they get here. the issues you are talking about from dod -- we are going to take car

he was asked by elise slotkin, senator slotkin, if he would oppose donald trump if donald trump told him to order military men and women to shoot peaceful protesters in the legs, which is what donald trump tried to do the first time around. and seth wouldn't say no to wouldn't say that he would oppose donald trump. this is a man that is not going to say no to donald trump. the pentagon has absolutely have to be just horrified right now. and you know what else is unprecedented, rachel? the fact that he never met with a single democrat on the armed services committee prior to his confirmation hearing, i still have not met with him, and they've kept him and hidden him away from us because they know how supremely unqualified he is for this job. >> while we've been speaking, senator duckworth, we've just had word that senator mitch mcconnell, former republican senate leader, has just cast his vote on the nomination. and he was a no vote. so. so senator murkowski and senator collins, they had voted no on the procedural vote that effectively got us to this vote tonight. and so that was a st

slotkin, aye. the clerk: mr. coons, no. ms. cantwell, no. the clerk: mr. cramer, aye. the clerk: mr. hoeven, aye. the clerk: mr. hagerty, aye. the clerk: mr. cassidy, aye. mr. young, aye. the presiding officer: the yeas are 59, the nays are 34. the nomination is confirmed. mr. thune: mr. president. the presiding officer: the majority leader. mr. thune: i ask unanimous consent that with respect to the nome nomination, the motion to reconsider be considered made and laid upon the table that the mandatory quorum call with respect to the bessent nomination be waived. the presiding officer: is there objection? without objection. the clerk will report the motion to invoke cloture. the clerk: cloture accordance with the provisions of rule 22 of the standing rules of the senate, do hereby bring to a close debate on the nomination of scott bessent, of south carolina, to be secretary the treasury, signed by 17 senators. the presiding officer: by unanimous consent, the mandatory quorum call has been waived. the question is, is it the sense of the senate that debate on the nominat

at a time when americans demand bipartisanship senator slotkin knows how to do it . she served in the cia under president bush and the department of defense under pres. obama and finally i'd like to acknowledge two more colleagues that have taken m. their oath's that deserve special recognition on this special day. senator adam schiff from california, andy kim from new jersey . a longtime member of the house senator schiff is a well-known member of admired for his thoughtful status, eloquence and love of democracy and finally last but not least our newest colleague from new jersey senator andy kim. he boasts an impressive record as longtime leader in the house, top national security expert and is the first korean-american from any state to serve in the senate. so to our new colleagues we to work with you and are happy to help you and as you find your bearings we urge you to never lose sight of the greatresponsibility you carry as a member of this body . the election is behind us. it's time to look to the future. now begins the hard work, the important work, the solem

chairman wicker: thank you senator slotkin. i will recognize senator shaheen for unanimous consent request. sen. shaheen: i have a request from a former general who served 35 years and most recently was commander of the 94th regional readiness command who was asked opposing mr. hegseth's letter being entered into the record. chairman wicker: if there is no objection will be entered. i present a host of letters and op eds from former coworkers at vets for freedom as well as fox news channel. i also have letters and op ads -- op-ed's from veterans and iraqis and afghanis helped by mr. hegseth. i ask unanimous consent to introduce these letters and op-eds. without objection, if so ordered. senator, you have been very patient. >> thank you, entering a support letter for mr. hegseth submitted by nearly 90 former soldiers who served with pete in combat i would like to submit a statement from 86 of them who support his nomination though they come from different agencies with his commitment to our country. chairman wicker: two items? >

at a time when americans demand bipartisanship, senator slotkin knows how to do it. she served in the cia under president bush, and is a department of defense under president obama. and finally, i would like to acknowledge two more colleagues who have taken their oaths that deserve special recognition on the special day. senator adam schiff from california, senator andy kim from new jersey. a longtime member of the house, senator schiff is a well-known leader to many of us, admired for his thoughtfulness, eloquence, and fierce love of democracy. finally, last but not least, i would like to congratulate our newest colleague from new jersey, senator andy kim. he posted an impressive record as longtime leader in the house, a top national security expert and diplomat, and is the first korean-american from any state to serve in the senate. to our new colleagues, we say, welcome. we are excited to work with you. . we are ready to help you. as you find your bearings, we urge you never to lose sight of the great responsibility you carry as a member of this body. now, the ele

senator banks of indiana, senator sheehy of montana and senator slotkin of michigan.e you as committee colleagues and look forward to many important contributions from each of you. and senator slotkin, as i look down at the end of the dias it seems like a week or two ago i was sitting in that chair recognized by the chairman of the committee, the senator from michigan. so time flies. now, let me say this. we had a very appropriate expression of approval by the members of the audience as our nominee and his family walked in. the distinguished ranking member and i sincerely hope that that is the last signal of approval or disapproval in today's hearing. people of the public are here and they are welcome to observe today's hearing and senator reid and i agree, though, that no disruptions will be allowed. audience members may not verbally or physically distract from the hearing to include shouting, standing, or raising signage or gestures that block the view of the audience. and we are very serious about this, aren't we, mr. reid? >> absolutely, sir. >> those who do so wi

. >> hi i'm out melissa slotkin the newest democrat from the state of michigan thrilled to be here with my colleagues in my freshman class and to all of you sharing out there i see you behind the camera. this is michigan weather, up buttercup, this is what we live with every day. i just want to say quickly as one of the freshman who won in a state that was owned by donald trump, regardless of our differences i believe in my core a strong middle class is a national security issue. literally one of the most unifying things we have between us and my job is someone who represents a state that voted for donald trump is to look for common cause anywhere i can. leadership is about the things we have the compromise on in the things we should never compromise on. wherever i can i'm going to work across the aisle and when it comes to our democracy our rights and our values i'm going to stand up. i'm thrilled to be here and thank you for having us. [applause] >> no buttercup here. >> good afternoon everyone. i'm the senator from the great state of maryland i'm proud to stand there with my colleagu

. >> him melissa slotkin, i amf thrilled to be here, to you shivering out there, i see you, this is michiganeather, suck it up butter cup. wen live with this every day. i want to say, as one of the freshman who won in state that was also won by donald trump. regardless of our differences, i believe to my core that a strong middle class is a national security issue. it is one of most unifying things we have. and my job as someone who representing state that votes for donald trump is to look for common cause anywhere i come leadership is about picking between the things you have to compromise on and things you should never compromise on. so, wherever i can, i'll work across the aisle, but when it comes to our democracy, rights and values, i will standue up, i am thrilled to be here, thank you for having us, suck it up everyone it is a little cold. >> no butter cup. from great state -- >> right. good afternoon. angela brook senator from state of maryland, i proud po stand with my colleagues moreeh proud to be on behalf of the people, we're all feeling the brisk weather, i'm reminded, in a momen

miss slotkin. mrs. smith. mr. thune mr. tillis. mr. turberville. mr. vane. hollen. mr. vance. mr. warner. mr. warnock. ms. warren. mr. welch. mr. whitehouse. mr. wicker. mr. wyden. mr. young. >> a quorum is present. a quorum is a president present. how to preserve the leadership time is reserve the senate will be in the period of morning businesspe with the senators permitted to speak and they're in for up to 10 minutes each. the majority leader will then calling up. i'm not going to read. [laughter] majority leader. >> not a present asking a subset of the sea of consideration as friends one comment which was submitted earlier today. >> clerk for pope reports a resolution for. s >> s rez one to establish a committee to inform the president of the united states a quorum in each house is assembled. >> is an objection to the proceeding that objection will proceed to the measure the rental should be agreed to the motion to beha considered be considered made and laid upon the table with no intervening action orni debate. >> without objection. pursuant to senate resolution one that chai

senator slotkin: i'm the newest senator from the state of michigan. i'm thrilled to be here with my freshman class. to all of you shivering out there, i have seen you behind the camera. this is michigan weather. suck it up, buttercup. i want to say quickly as one of the freshman who one in a state that was also won by donald trump, regardless of our differences i believe to my core a strong middle class is a national security issue. it is literally one of the most unifying things we have between us. my job as someone who represents a state that voted for donald trump is to look for common cause anywhere i can. leadership is about picking between the things you have to compromise on and the things you should never compromise on. wherever i can i will work across the aisle. when it comes to our democracy, our rights, our values, high will stand up and stand in the breach. i am thrilled to be here and thank you for having us. suck it up, everybody. it is a little cold. sen. schumer: no buttercup is she. angela brooks. several brooks -- sen. brooks: i am

slotkin: i'm with you. the -- again, going back to you pledging it up to the constitution, not president trump, just like every other nominee. president trump said in november that he is willing to use law enforcement, national guard, or even active duty military to go after the threat from within the united states. i don't know exactly what he was talking about. we have recent examples from your predecessors at dhs where federal law enforcement here sent into a state without coordination with the governor. those federal law enforcement officers were putting down threats to federal buildings and they were legitimate threats. i don't dispute there was destruction and property going on during a bunch of protests and riots. i don't dispute that. they weren't wearing insignia, any markings. people were arrested by folks in fatigues with no names, no idea who they were like right out of a bad hollywood movie. if the president asks you to send in federal law enforcement to a state without coordination of that gov

i thought slotkin was very effective with this in terms of the use of force on american soil. and, you know, and the geneva conventions. i think those questions got a little muddled. and i think those topics actually are very relevant and did not get quite the airing i wish they would have. that's interesting. it doesn't sound like you're all that thrilled with with the way that your party's senators sort of performed as a whole with this, despite very notable exceptions, i just you didn't love it. okay, well, there's one senator who you know pretty well, considering the fact that he was the vice presidential nominee when he worked on the hillary clinton tim kaine presidential campaign, because scott mentioned this, i do want to run part of what tim kaine said in his line of questioning. and then on the backside, i want to listen to markwayne mullin, a republican senator who's very close with pete hegseth, said as a counter to many of your work, colleagues have said that you show up for work under the influence of alcohol or drunk. >> i know you've denied that, but you would a

generation of leaders and i couldn't be prouder to pass the torch to michigan's new senator-elect elissa slotkin. i snow she will have the -- i know she will have the heart and the talent for this job, and will do great things for our state and our country. i thought long and hard about how to express my gratitude to the smartest, hardworking staff that i could ever have imagined. truly my success comes from their amazing efforts. over 500 bright, talented professional staff have worked for me over the past 50 years. that's unbelievable. many of them for decades and that doesn't include countless volunteers and interns. i want you to know -- interns are everywhere. the staff are everywhere. i want you to know how moved i am that so many of you took time to be here today or are tuning in on c-span. you are much more than employees. you are family. i watched many of you get married, several times thanks to our office, and watched our children grow up, your children grow up as well. you're truly my dear friends. you have raised the bar for the kind of service the people of michigan should expect fr

from the state of michigan we are excited to welcome senator alyssa slotkin. another deeply experienced public servant another longtime veteran of the house and one of america's top national security experts that. she served in the cia under president bush and his department of defense under president obama. finally, i would like to acknowledge tomorrow colleagues that will already taken their oath but deserve special recognition on this special day. a longtime member of the house senator schiff is a well-known leader to many of us admired for his thoughtfulness, eloquence, fears love for democracy. finally, last but certainly not least i like to congratulate our newest colleague from new jersey, senator andy kim. he boasted impressive record as longtime leader in the house top national security expert and diplomat in the first korean-american from any state to serve in the senate. to our new colleagues we say welcome. we are excited to work with you you stop we are ready to help you and as you find your bearings, we urge you will never to lose sight of the gr

senator slotkin joins us now.ed services and veterans affairs committees, also with us, nbc news senior executive editor for national security, david rohde. good morning to you both. senator, obviously, a frustrating line of questioning there. you never got an answer. i think a lot of your colleagues on the democratic side would say the same in their lines of questioning, never getting a firm answer or anything satisfying based on what you heard yesterday in that hearing. how will you vote? >> well, you know, look, i it's not that that hearing gave me more confidence in his ability to be the secretary of defense. >> i mean, i've worked for four secretaries of defense, democrat and republican, very proudly. >> i've gone up for senate confirmation to be an assistant secretary of defense. i've seen secretaries make life and death decisions in the dark of night that actually impact deeply the security of americans. >> so that hearing did not give me more confidence. >> he did something a little bit unusual. >> he did

. >> elissa slotkin, ryan nobles had some important facts that she was able to develop. and those facts would would include an answer from hegseth on whether he would carry out an illegal order, on whether he would use the military as a law enforcement body. talk about why there wasn't a bipartisan reaction or follow up, at least visible to anyone viewing all this on television. >> well, part of it was probably because hegseth was so evasive when it came to that line of questioning, and slotkin wasn't the only one who pressed him on this idea of whether or not he would stand up to donald trump if he asked him to do something that was outside of the bounds of american law or outside the bounds of the geneva convention or beyond. he just attributed them to hypothetical situations, and that he wasn't going to answer a question based on a hypothetical situation. what was clear today in the way that this hearing played itself out, was that you had two camps in the direction as to where they thought this confirmation process should go. republicans were solidly in the bank for

they will be given. >> thank you, senator slotkin. i now recognize senator shaheen for a unanimous consent request. >> thank you, mr. chairman. i have a request from a former general who served 35 years, dennis leach, who most recently was the commander of the 94th regional readiness command at fort devens, mass. who has asked that his letter opposing mr. hastert's nomination be entered into the record? >> is there objection? without objection, it will be entered. also, i present a host of letters and op eds from former coworkers at vets for freedom and concerned vets for america, as well as fox news channel. i also have letters and op eds from many veterans and iraqis and afghanis who were helped by mr. hegseth. i ask unanimous consent to introduce these letters and op eds without objection, is so ordered. senator sheehy, you've been very patient. >> thank you, mr. chairman. entering a support letter in for mr. hegseth submitted by nearly 90 former soldiers who served with pete in combat. >> i would like to submit a statement from 86

abc's matt rivers on the border with american troops and michigan's new democratic senator, elissa slotkin, responds. >>> presidential power. trump pushes the limits of his authority, pardoning more than 1,500 january 6th rioters. >> these were people that actually love our country. >> what happened to backing the blue? >> martha: so what's legal and what's on shaky ground in these orders? chris christie and preet bharara on what's next. >> so help me god. >> congratulations. >> martha: and after the narrow confirmation of pete hegseth, will trump's remaining nominees make it through? our powerhouse round table tackles it all. >>> and elon's influence. >> he takes risks. he sometimes blows things up, and that's what he's going to do in government. >> martha: with the world's richest man now joining president trump at the white house, elon musk's biographer explains what drives the tech titan. >>> good morning, and welcome to "this week." the first week of donald trump's return to the oval office, and he wasted no time. the president ordering an end to federal diversity, equity, and inclusi

uh, you know, the senator slotkin was absolutely right. is not just unbelievably unqualified, but i believe and many democrats believe she is downright dangerous because of the views that she holds, because of what she has done in the past, because of who she has had conversations with, because of the propaganda that has come out of her mouth that is pro russian against ukraine, pro syrian. and that is not the kind of director of intelligence that we need in this country right now, given everything that we are facing, why would we want somebody that doesn't believe the united states of america, that has gone against the positions of the united states of america, and somebody who really doesn't have vast experience in the issue of of intelligence. and that is something that we have seen in the past. normally this position goes to somebody that has had years of experience in the intelligence business, and she is just not qualified for that. in addition to all of the things that she has done to make her dangerous for this position. >> okay, s

. >> let me play elissa slotkin for you. major general eaton, thank you.because i think this is what gets to i think what a lot of people, including senator blumenthal, fear about why donald trump wants this particular man to be secretary of defense. here is senator elissa slotkin questioning hegseth? >> your predecessor in a trump administration? secretary esper was asked and did use uniformed military to clear unarmed protesters. he was given the order to potentially shoot at them. helos flew low in washington, dc as crowd control. he later apologized publicly for those actions. was he right or wrong to apologize? >> senator, i was there on the ground and i saw that. >> i understand, and i respect that i've been there. you're about the level of secretary of defense involved in that moment. >> was he right? so he was legality and the constitution. >> was he right or wrong to apologize? >> i'm not going to put words in the mouth of secretary esper or anybody else. >> he said them himself. you don't have to. what are you scared of? did he do the right thing

you and i talked about this in your office and also with senator slotkin as well how important it is to remain focused on the northern border and all borders and ports of entry that the united states has. i think there has been some universal concern from some of the committee members that as we focus on the southern border and what we're seeing as far as the invasion there and the amount of people crossing, that the northern border would lose focus, but that will not happen and we will insure that our borders are secure and we're addressing all threats that may come in from any direction. also with the bridge as well and staffing up on that as well and i i've assured senator slotkin as well. >> as we discussed the department is diligently working to stand up the northern border mission center at south ridge air national guard base in michigan following the authorization and funding i was able to secure in the last congress. this center is critical to supporting the department's northern border security missions and addressing evolving threats so quick question, if confirmed do you c

senator slotkin, brand new senator, senator from michigan, just won in november. formerly, a congresswoman asked him about that as well and referenced the past. defense secretary mark esper, who served under donald trump, who refused to follow that order. let's listen. >> your predecessor in a trump administration, secretary esper, was asked and did use uniformed military to clear unarmed protesters. he was given the order to potentially shoot at them. helos flew low in washington, dc as crowd control. he later apologized publicly for those actions. was he right or wrong to apologize? >> senator, i was there on the ground and i saw the i saw i understand and i respect that i've been there, but i understand the level of secretary of defense involved in that moment. i was he right to so he was legality and the constitution. >> was he right or wrong to apologize? >> i'm not going to put words in the mouth of secretary esper or anybody else. >> he said them himself. you don't have to. what are you scared of? did he do the right thing by apologizing? >> i'm not scared

in fact elissa slotkin will definitely do that. second thing is that from a family standpoint, my mom at the time i made the decision was 96 and always been there with me. i would go home every weekend and always make sure i see her and so on. but it was a moment where i realized another campaign and being gone all the time, on the weekends and so on means i would have missed really precious time with her. i just didn't want to do that. it was important to be with her and as it turned out mom just passed away and it was the right decision for me to have that time with her. and i have five grandkids who i see as much as i can but now i will be able to go to the events in the middle of the week, not just on the weekend. >> the last speech, your exit speech on the senate floor, you described the moment as bittersweet. let's talk about what is better and what is sweet about your to parker. works well, first of all, i'm going to miss all my friends prayed i'm going to miss being in the middle of it. i have negotiated some of the toughes

elissa slotkin, your colleague who's a former cia agent who had served three tours in iraq. right. and hegseth said that his time in service is so important to him. so let me just play this exchange. >> do you believe there is such a thing as an illegal order that joe biden or any other president donald trump could give? >> is there anything that a commander in chief could ask you to do with the uniformed military that would be in violation of the u.s. constitution? >> senator, anybody of any party could give an order that is against the constitution or against the law. right. >> okay. so and are you so are you saying that you would stand in the breach and push back if you were given an illegal order? >> i start by saying i reject the premise that president trump understand giving any illegal orders at all. >> were you satisfied with that answer? >> no, no, i'm not satisfied. i don't think anybody on the committee on either side of the aisle should be satisfied with that answer, you know, any president at any time. i mean, first of all, you got to understand the demands of the pres

senator peters, you and i talked about this in your office and also with senator slotkin as well, how important it is to continue to remain focused on our northern border and all borders and ports of entry that the united states has. i think there's been some universal concern from some of the committee members that as we focus on the southern border and what we're seeing as far as the invasion there and the amount of people crossing that the northern border would lose focus, but that that will not happen. and we will ensure that our borders are secure and we're addressing all threats that may come in from any direction. and also with the with the bridge as well. and staffing up on that, that as well. and i've assured senator slotkin as well that our focus is there to make sure that it is staffed appropriately. >> very good. and as we discussed, the department is diligently working to stand up the northern border mission center at selfridge air national guard base in michigan, following the authorization and funding that i was able to secure in the last congress. this center is critic

. >> there's a lot of things that this congress needs to do has already been mentioned by senator slotkin, as well, that we need to do to be able to close loopholes, to be able to give you additional authority. but there's a tremendous amount of authority currently not being used in oklahoma, as you're saying. >> is that about to be used? and they'll be grateful to be able to hear that no other president has ever created a phone app to be able to facilitate a faster processing of aliens in, called the cbp one app. >> it's been mentioned several times here. will you use your authority to stop facilitating faster processing of illegal aliens into our country with the cbp one app? >> yes, senator, we will eliminate the cbp one app, maintain some of the data that's in it. that's critical to knowing who's in our country. but that app will no longer be in use. >> thank you. >> no other president has ever used the parole authority just in general humanitarian parole, to facilitate faster processing of aliens into our country, which leads to the catch and release we've all heard about. so the okl

according to richard slotkin, the frontier myth. so there are stages right? and we see that these stages of the western are ones that are followed in the telling of the story of in cold. it starts with american pastoral landscape, right? the western plains of kansas. it their lives as idyllic. and when you read not just the opening but the stories of their lives how they were in high when you know and they were happy and they were you know everything that you think about when think of family life know and so on. they had their issues, you know, this to a kind of complete a kind of sudden separation and the loss of these families. there's a regression to a more primitive. and then a conflict that ensues, leading to savage wars. and in the western, it's oftentimes indian wars, so-called indian wars. native americans. and leading to some notion of progress. so the frontier myth and this of the american myth is that these stages of violence are necessary to bring regeneration, violence in for society to be renewed, it must do through do through violence. and this