so they started the society and within seven years. they had 200 members all around the world. and when i was researching those members, i went to the library of congress because that's where the societies. records are kept. so i researched the society in the 1920s and 30s and 40s and you've got a better grasp on them today. so when i was researching them one of them primary objectives was to women a place to network that was really important to them with other women when they returned from expedition. so, how does the society of women geographers meet that? objective today and especially during a pandemic. so there's many things that we do so just getting right into the the pandemic now we have zoom sessions for members where which are all around the world and so people can just there's ones where you just kind of chat and enjoy things and other ones where they're more focused and have topics so people can get to know each other. and also webinars when people come back from flag expeditions or whatever or there may be doing some resea

a society where women and children were revered as the -- the future of the society meant for killing them both and killing others with a very dreadful thing to do. but i think there's also feeling that those who loss function should be protected for example and many cultures those who are priests have been exempt from being attacked or in theory exempt from being attacked. and also i think there was also a totalitarian motive and so in middle ages you tended not to kill those who would be farming because you knew they were going produce food that you needed even if they belong someone else or someone else's land. >> another question is -- how has the advent of social media -- determined how conflicts are solved and fought and how fighters are recruited in your opinion -- does it get too much credit and propelling or not enough? >> well, we know i think we're coming to terms with the social media and we know that people recruit themselves and they now have means to do it and it is not a new phenomenon. the assassins who killed recruited themselves, by reading through the national trac

dynamic of israeli society. what you would hope for the us to have a lot of different places and different ways manifest social solidarity in the us has that for now at least among other immigrant communities you could expect that based on past experience and in mormon utah which is the other exception from what i cite in the book but it doesn't have in places where it used to have in communities oriented around the old protestant nomination or in most cases my own roman catholic church. you have to dissolve and appear individualism. it's tough to know how to reverse it. >> you mention the old protestant denomination. one ada you advanced is when you look at the discourse of antiracism and the rise of the woke ideology, you see something to your mind has a positive dimension to help fill the void can you tell us about that quick. >> almost no question what we call the great awoke it participates in protestant forms of religiosity that used to be powerful now we are no longer powerful that cultural residues and t

all right so as a researcher of a consideration tell me what do we have prisons for i mean do we or society or prisons in order to punish people for breaking the law or maybe isolate dangerous people who are correct and be able to tearing others from breaking the law what is it which one is it improved prisoners or is a variety of purposes but in in it's ideal form there is no ideal form so that's just but in essence the punishment shouldn't be your time incarcerated the punishment is being removed from society removed from all of your belongings your. loves and being and serving out a period of time where you're away from everyone in prison itself should not be punitive in nature the idea of going to prison that removal from life that is is the punishment for or for the different transgressions that result in incarceration robert blake lewis or a prison ringback isn't letters that marsters days or a failure can carry the united states they say correctional facilities or question officers etc where do we get this idea that prison can correct people and where exactly it is supposed to correc

value in our society and public policy plays a critical role. if you or somebody who's interested or working in any one of those areas and that describes almost everybody in our country you are likely working in a top-down varmint because that's the way things are right now and it's frustrating to the data shows it's frustrating. if you're a student by the 12th grade 70% of students say they are completely disengage from their studies. it's not going to work. education is not going to do its job. if you're working in business unfortunately you are probably experiencing a similarly stifling environment are those of most data shows and nobody trusts the government these days and for good reason. they don't have policies to empower people if you are working in any one of those areas take the first step. do as anton did as someone who is making his community stronger. stop waiting for bad and start reading -- start leaving for good. once you start to get the experience of having his say wow this is working not just for my students but for me that's

aerated the punishment is being removed from society removed from all of your belongings your. loves and being and serving out a period of time where you're away from everyone in prison itself should not be punitive in nature the idea of going to prison that removal from life that is is the punishment for her for the different transgressions that result in incarceration robert blake lewis or a prison isn't used that much these days are a failure can carry the united states they say correctional facilities or question officers etc where do we get this idea that prison can correct people and what exactly it is supposed to correct. i think when you look at the corrective nature the rehabilitative nature of prison i think every prison service wants to be rehabilitated in make sure i think that's an underpinning prison in the east in canada correctional services are very much they flush away in terms of what they offer based on basically whoever is governing who who have or is in whoever government is is in power so we'll see if we haven't for example in the past under the conservat

in order to be a decadent society you have to be a successful society and the argument in the book basically starting some time around the moon landingta which i use as convenient point in modern history, the western world, the u.s., some arguably extent the pacific has entered into this where you have slowing growth, technological progress everywhere outside of the internet, demographic decline, people having fewer and fewer kids, political gridlock of the kind we are familiar with and certain kind of culture repetition where you end up having the same arguments or if you will watching the same star wars movies over and over again. >> what are the arguments you advance in the book is a pessimistic interpretation of the last 3 decades of technological progress. you argue that technologies remain the world less and tech know boosters would have us believe and the exception is realm of digital and the havoc internet brought on newspapers the a broader story but your thoughts on social media at large, blogging has changed culture and contributed or perhaps challenged this larger decadent? >> ri

all right so as a researcher of a consideration tell me what do we have prisons for i mean do we or society or prisons in order to punish people for breaking the law or maybe isolate dangerous people or harassing people to tearing others from breaking the law what is it which one is it prisoners or is a variety of purposes but in in it's ideal form there is no ideal form so that's just but in essence the punishment shouldn't be your time incarcerated the punishment is being removed from society removed from all of your belongings your. loves and being and serving out a period of time where you're away from everyone in prison itself should not be punitive in nature the idea of going to prison that removal from life that is is the punishment for or for the different transgressions that result in incarceration robert blake lewis or a prison isn't used that marsters days or any or it can carry the united states they say correctional facilities or question officers etc where do we get this idea that prison can correct people and what exactly it is supposed to correct so i think when you look at

_ are we creating a two—tiered society? i_ are we creating a two—tiered society?rthat number one has really destroyed so much but if you think— really destroyed so much but if you think about every month of that, every— think about every month of that, every month has looked different. just like _ every month has looked different. just like now we're getting towards a point _ just like now we're getting towards a point of— just like now we're getting towards a point of mass vaccination every month— a point of mass vaccination every month as — a point of mass vaccination every month as they get more individuals vaccinated — month as they get more individuals vaccinated the scenarios look different. so what is being offered here is— different. so what is being offered here is not— different. so what is being offered here is not saying from now into the rest of _ here is not saying from now into the rest of time — here is not saying from now into the rest of time we are going to have a two-tiered — rest of time we are going to have a two—tiered society, it saying tha

the second historical society, the gnashing historical society, that's where it still is today.y find it there and they send a copy of it to massachusetts which is the first place where it gets printed. now, what you see happening in that basic development there is something more broadly happening which is that these are societies founded to preserve american history and pass it on. why are they founded right after the revolution and the constitution? because what they're saying is american history, first of all, is a thing and, second of all, it's a thing we ought to preserve and third of all it's so important a thing that all the other nations of the world are going to want to know our history so let's go ahead and collect it, house it, keep it, publish it. right? and that's why you begin to see these places abound. the other thing that happens with these historical societies and we are going to see a bit more of this later in the lecture is there is a kind of session nlism to them. that is to say boston and new york are not the same places, right? and boston's material is not

i every business on apply this, the loan would transform society. this. brian: when i was reading the book, there was a message in their for folks who are familiar with these principles. some were kind of, you message for people are not liberal. but want to think about this and i hear you discuss this, like there are some important lessons for those of us who are believing in this which is that we needed to widen the opportunities we tend to get focused on policy arguments. in thes. government is a lot harder we begin to focus on telling people all the bad things the government ist doing. i guess it is pretty bad marketing because were not focus on all n of the great things. there were not selling the optimism side of the story. we need to tell that one. charles: as we really focus on this and we stand together and also partnering with all sorts of people really apply this republic of science in the building knowledge networks in sharing industries and knowledge and trying to help others. and it is truly transformative. and you may want talk a little bit

rights we need a strong civil society when society is divided when women are. especially i think the only thing that benefits from that is patriarchy itself and i am concerned because earlier we talked about half of country after country we've seen a decline of democracy an erosion of democracy and i think whenever there's more nationalists and there's more religious fundamentalism there's also an increase in sexism there's also an increase in homophobia all of these things are related. to national bar. i would writers do with fiction with history and so on you know what. politicians more afraid of history of fiction and the libretto the reason why i ask this because i come from a society where we discovered quote. i think not too long ago that history had been taken off the curriculum yeah i. guess it was a shock for me and so i asked myself well really haven't been able to destroy fiction but they had history of their disposal to go read a history so i asked was there what really afraid of yeah and i think it's precise there were stories and there's a story t

rights we need a strong civil society when society is divided when women are. especially i think the only thing that benefits from that is patriarchy itself and i am concerned because earlier we talked about half of country after country we've seen a decline of democracy an erosion of democracy and i think whenever there's more nationalists and there's more religious fundamentalism there's also an increase in sexism there's also an increase in homophobia all of these things are related. to national bar. i would writers do with fiction with history and so on you know what. politicians more afraid of history of fiction and the libretto the reason why i ask this because i come from a society where we discovered quote. i think not too long ago that history had been taken off the curriculum yeah i. guess it was a shock for me and so i asked myself well really haven't been able to destroy fiction but they had history of their disposal to go read a history so i asked whether what really afraid of yeah and i think it's precise there were stories and there's a story tel

nothing to do a tilt at our best society. he decided to give divinity school another try from which he graduated in 1860, but he kept on contributing stores and poems to local newspapers and magazines. after graduation, in fact he sent out on a nine-month tour of europe contributing travel articles to the the new york sun newspaper. back in the united states. he continued to write stories and poems for magazines and newspapers. he was drafted in 1863, but he was exempted because he was short he was asthmatic. he was nearsighted no matter he he supported the union cause by writing patriotic fiction and poems that he wrote for harper's weekly and other publications. and in 1864 he published his first novel for young people called frank's campaign or the farm in the camp, which was designed as he put it to show how boys can be of the most effectual service. in assisting to put down the rebellion. but this small amount of writing naturally produce small monetary rewards in 1864. he accepted a minister's position at the first unit

and there's always a segment of society who we are scared of. >> we are pretty good that. california, new york, new jersey , harris county in texas, they started issuing pr bonds to dangerous felons. 97 people have been murdered and harris county since 2018. who were out on pr bonds or low cash bail. some of the multiple pr bonds. they go out and murder someone. 97 people potentially would be alive today if they did not take that attitude. >> the message there is balance. conservatives a look at it and they'll use the data in the research. they are not just thinking about an emotional reaction. my friend who is a county attorney in arizona, he is a data not. he loves data. he is gathering data. what has he done? he has reduced the number of felonies he has charged by 30% or 40%, but the data on the rising crimes -- it is from the other way. how is that happening? because of strategic application of our criminal justice system with the balance of understanding the human condition. like you said, representative, but for the grace of god, we can all have a bad reaction. >> th

in a traditional society like india gender equality is a complex gone musician art is possibly one of the we still start this conversation down the hill uses comics and graphic narratives to do just that let's meet this visual artist to see how she's using her art to break some barriers in indian society. i think we if we mean our so often stop ourselves show on gene being beat and being fearless in imagining what we can get this is your view of conversations that need to be had and are being spent gee this. agency o'grady examining partially our social structure. says working with art allows it to best expresses ideas and her perspective on life. she's inspired by feminist leaders and people's movements this is reflected in her drawings and the issues on which she's chosen to focus. in the early twenty's either was captivated but something entirely new what she called the magic of bringing text and images together to create powerful narratives like this book on an eco feminist who led a movement against the forestation in india that in its meant or you were city building part of the

the biggest social injustice in modern societies. are human rights abuse in countries with high levels of social inequality the rates of covered 19 infections and deaths are also high the gini index is a measure of income inequality south africa and brazil are both very high up in the rankings meaning they have some of the highest rates of inequality according to this measure the united states has one of the highest rates among developed nations the virus has hit especially hard. ellen works in berlin for oxfam an ngo that focuses on alleviating poverty worldwide. the pandemic has hit in the world that was already characterized by massive inequalities driven by the climate crisis and poor working conditions. of. our analysis shows that the pandemic is merely making preexisting inequalities even more extreme and hits the poorest the hardest from the tough and learned. what makes countries marked by extreme inequality so vulnerable more vulnerable than even some of the least developed countries it seems one contributory factor is the i

always be exploited in society. it is a very bleak vision in a lot of ways and his answer is simply that slavery is a more honest way of configuring that recently acknowledged straightforwardly that you are exploiting and to some degree oppressing people, that gives you responsibilities to them and it allows you quality for everybody else. i don't think that today looking back on that we kind of see that as a shocking argument and it is but we don't see how close perhaps not just the united states but a lot of other societies that saw themselves as democratically great britain came to realizing that version of democracy in terms of their empires. it is an argument about the shape and composition of democracy, how to achieve equality. >> that leads me to this kind of question, a very interesting title for the book, very interesting view if i may take on the professorial tone here, very interesting indeed. why "calhoun: american heretic"? there is a loaded word. >> you can thank my editor, connor is the guy who though

that is parents, community, civil society. it is not a crisp, clean answer but it is the best one we have nowadays. >> anything you want to add to that pollyanna via we just heard? -- pollyanna view we just heard? heidi: think about coca-cola -- they decided they would abandon their new formula and put out something they thought was new and people rejected it overwhelmingly. my point is, what is it about us as a people that motivates us towards fear? that motivates us towards this judgment image? it is this idea that i can criticize you because i feel better about myself and i do that. you have to look at families, individuals, what it is at a very basic human level that we need to address. you have to look at it from above, and when you have a leader who is motivated and knows he is going to be successful -- and i mean president trump -- in dividing and making people mad and then you think about that great inaugural speech that president kennedy gave that called on all of us to address this from our better angels and ask that

dissipation in the ongoing negotiation and equal representation throughout society. we'll maintain the american tradition of providing humanitarian assistance for those most in need including girls and refugees. i shared that message and all meetings today with chairman of dual representatives from civil society working for change every single day in the communities throughout the country. the united states will remain afghanistan said fast partner, who on the afghan people, countries in the region and international community to know that fact. it's also a very important message for the taliban to hear. as i think you know, i just came from, we consulted the with all native allies. the message i heard from them was strong and clear, they are proud of what we have done together over the past 20 years equally committed to continuing partnership with afghanistan. for all of us, it's been a long journey to this moment. there's a great deal of work and planning to do in the months ahead to ensure the withdrawal is responsible, deliberate and safe but that work is going to

the reason is that the a democratic society cannot take. can only take so much inequality i mean if received the kind of inequality we see today in the us will not only in the us in europe in in china in in russia or one percent of the population owns a 3rd or 40 percent of the untold wealth that means that this tiny group combines a vast amount of resources. which in a democracy in a healthy democracy or as a means that they have way more ways to to make themselves heard make their cause i think there is there are considerations pair which go beyond saying good for a rich person to be rich and indeed well there are some more fundamental questions on the hill and certainly there are super rich people who want to contribute more to society they can take our money and look here on my laptop super rich cool for higher taxes on wealthy to pay for covert $19.00 recovery millionaires for humanity millionaires want to wealth tax to that same response i had a conversation today and now i want you to meet the founder of mean ass for humanity making

and that it benefits the rest of society— them. and that it benefits the rest of society if— them. if a large section of the i of society if a large section of the population— of society if a large section of the population is— of society if a large section of the population is lifted _ of society if a large section of the population is lifted up— of society if a large section of the population is lifted up in- of society if a large section of the population is lifted up in the - of society if a large section of the population is lifted up in the eyes of the _ population is lifted up in the eyes of the law — population is lifted up in the eyes of the law we _ population is lifted up in the eyes of the law. we are _ population is lifted up in the eyes of the law. we are seeing - population is lifted up in the eyes of the law. we are seeing the - of the law. we are seeing the justice — of the law. we are seeing the justice department _ of the law. we are seeing the justice department go - of the law. we are seeing the justice department go into. of the law. we are seeing thei justice

for a living pay a tax rate so that's what's causing part of the quality that's destabilizing our society alison. well no i mean to some degree of course the sump uprising was by design we had a lot of policies that propped up asset markets and you know the stuff of the stock market dropped a lot last march and then it rebounded heavily but that was lustily also by a lot of the support to keep up the suck market and so a lot to a large extent this was by design although sort of were into remember that it's not as rich people who are in the markets about 50 percent of americans at least own stock and a lot of people in the u.k. see their pension accounts so well there is certainly room or they have more assets and more assets in risky portfolios to some degree we did all. right with the problem with rich people getting richer. i mean there is a pattern in the it's received very clearly in the data over the last 40 years that the richest people in society are a growing reaches of this is not a short term trend no because of deep and then we can be. measures from the central banks but this i

a country which in many _ in society. thank you. a country which in many people's - in society.n a slow but _ that way, on women's rights. saudi has seen a slow but steady - that way, on women's rights. saudi has seen a slow but steady and i has seen a slow but steady and promising _ has seen a slow but steady and promising progress in terms of women's — promising progress in terms of women's rights in recent years, we are given _ women's rights in recent years, we are given the right to drive in 2018. — are given the right to drive in 2018. the _ are given the right to drive in 2018, the patriarchal system is dissolving a it is still exist in some — dissolving a it is still exist in some circumstances unfortunately and ithink— some circumstances unfortunately and i think international pressure has been _ i think international pressure has been working release activist from all been working release activist from jail and _ been working release activist from jail and increase rights. been working release activist from jailand increase rights. i'm an optimistic— jailand increase r

there can be no place in our society for violence or the - our society for violence or the threat — ouriolence or the threat of violence and it must stop. what _ threat of violence and it must stop. what we _ threat of violence and it must stop. what we saw last night i think was a very dangerous _ what we saw last night i think was a very dangerous escalation _ what we saw last night i think was a very dangerous escalation of- what we saw last night i think was a | very dangerous escalation of events. and it _ very dangerous escalation of events. and it is _ very dangerous escalation of events. and it is deplorable. _ very dangerous escalation of events. and it is deplorable. in _ very dangerous escalation of events. and it is deplorable.— and it is deplorable. in the past hour, and it is deplorable. in the past hour. police _ and it is deplorable. in the past hour, police under— and it is deplorable. in the past hour, police under attack- and it is deplorable. in the past| hour, police under attack again, have used water cannons against large crowds on the nationalist side of the peac

in a free society knowing that there's some rich people who want to shape society ok i now so so the problem comes. about of course if you're really rich people that once it has an affair is plans and so now we need laws to protect against that is it the nefarious plans or i mean you must have heard the phrase the road to hell is paved with good intentions where if the road to hell is paved with good intentions then what is the road to heaven paved roads the can't cherry pick your expressions and oh so is the road to heaven paved with bad intentions of course not so of all the good intentions some of them and having unintended consequences but you would hope when all is settled that more of your intentions have good consequences and that has been the case with every advance and every wielding of power there ever was just very quickly i have to us because it is a big issue eschatology in the end of this book right now. before now in the credits of this show a whole kaino or a diligent good destroying the science says that right now it is very possible that can happen so i see that's h

ok he says societies that kennecott. are import that can stick together that follow instructions that's going to be really important for any kind of crisis coming up yeah from my perspective exposed to how we think about science and society as well in the relationship between science and policy. and so you know the fact that it was racialized into discreet ways early on one was the provenance of the disease so there was you know racialized attacks right here in london a kid from my own university with from singapore was beaten on oxford street in america that there are so many attacks against chinese americans and korean americans has a son with a pedia page you know numbers in the many thousands already so that was that was one aspect and then how. minority groups are more likely to be infected or more likely to die and these are best explained by socio economic factors rather than rather than sort of you know genetics or molecular biology you can't deal with with a pandemic without having science and you can't make vac

today we have to end _ member of our society. today we have to end this— member of our society.s are things we _ law enforcement. those beliefs are things we have to focus our attention on. as i write now do ctose. — attention on. as i write now do close. i— attention on. as i write now do ctose. hust— attention on. as i write now do close, ijust to you, the work of our generation is to put unaccountable law enforcement behind us. unaccountable law enforcement behind us it's_ unaccountable law enforcement behind us it's time— unaccountable law enforcement behind us. it's time to transfer the relationship —— transform the relationship —— transform the relationship between community and the people who are sworn to protect them _ the people who are sworn to protect them from _ the people who are sworn to protect them from one that is mistrustful, suspicious— them from one that is mistrustful, suspicious and in some cases terrifying _ suspicious and in some cases terrifying into one that is empathetic, compassionate and affirming. with that will benefit anyone — affirming. with that

these institutions regulate that system so that it doesn't exert too much influence on society toll. some of. the european central bank started lending huge amounts of money to individual banks because they were too nervous to lend to each other. and while the e.c.b. dealt with this situation more trouble appeared on the horizon. you know. what. if you 9 europe the global financial crisis was followed by a 2nd emergency and this involved the european currency it exposed weaknesses in the financial system as a whole and problems with sovereign debt in particular because. it started when greece revealed that its finances were in worse shape than previously thought to. this crisis spread throughout the eurozone and raised serious questions about whether the common european currency could survive if i just. couldn't even by the investors and italy spain and even france panicked and tried to dump their government bond hall says or president mario draghi then made a policy statement that would become famous. draggy soon became known as super mario for his role in dealing with. the crisis h

growth and the like if you're building your society on how much you can waste richly going to run out of stuff and that's the that's that's the wall we're at we've run out of the easy cheap stuff that we can use to build wealth and now we're now we're left with. what i would called and many people called the growth we're going to have to do much better be more efficient and make much better use of what we have and not just try to get more of everything and they squander it on you know sort of like consumer baubles or sitting in traffic for hours now to continue on this thing you also write quote whatever problems the system is incapable of resolving have the potential to bring down the system once they interact synergistically elaborate on this a little bit yeah so i think what a crisis is and you just you just mentioned a number of and social crisis you know economic crisis political crisis. each one of these is like identifying a problem that the status quo you know can't solve because if they could solve it they would solve it and it wouldn't be a crisis so if we're looking at each

europe who were born in europe have a way of contributing and be in power of european society i think not something to celebrate not to denigrate and the politics of division the politics of the far right which we read in this interview is on the way to our sure i can come in place it's an obvious fact we can see from the last decade in country after country in europe that the notion of multiculturalism and immigration from these parts of the world is proven lee been a disaster and you're talking about this is a party to hate no it's actually the opposite we actually love our own culture and we want to protect our own people from the onslaught of meth immigration and multiculturalism and that has so many effect it has on a section gender and why when one is a little bit of a gender where you are a wimp of course you were an eyelash sr gen donna. and speak for 15 seconds and will come to you please carry on can't when violence is directed to the original populations when it's a sex thing the economy is in the worst way which is all research in area after area this has significantly dam