in london, sophie otiende, ceo of the global fund to end modern slavery and a survivor of human trafficking. phil robertson, deputy director of the asia division at human rights watch. grace forrest, founding director of walk free, an international human rights group that felt -- publish the report. grace, let me start with you. how is the modern day slavery defined and what are its root causes? >> we define modern slavery as a sustainable removal of a person's freedom. it is an umbrella term that encompasses a number of highly exploitative practices, including forced marriage, debt bondage, human trafficking and stay impose forced labor. 50 million people live in modern slavery in the world today. it is that 10 million person increase in the last five years. this is due to the covid-19 pandemic, the climate crisis and protected crises. modern slavery is not a new problem. it is connected to historic inequality and deep social inequity. mohammed: when it comes to the methodology involved in collecting this data, do you feel communities that have been impacted by modern slavery have been cen