and so just sort of get your question, i want to go through one other distinction though, as sort of link to the definition of the term. it's important to sort of lay off these parameters, ordered to answer the sorts of questions that you're asking and they're great questions. but so that was the negotiation that took place at the end of the us from $46.00 to $48.00. we got this sort of strange definition and they include things like the killing as well. i'm flipping bodily or mental harmonic groups transferring children. there are sort of a cluster of acts. but again, those acts came through this process of bargaining. as i was saying, most scholars have a broader definition, but within international law we have the crime of genocide. but there is a cluster of crimes called a trustee, crimes which, which differentiate between genocide, crimes against humanity, which doesn't have to have the intent, which is a key distinction, war, crimes, ethnic and ethnic cleansing. so what do you do if you see a situation to sort of go back to your 1st question that says motion? well, for example,

it is sort of a short passage. it turns out that computers are particularly adaptive at tasks that we humans find most difficult, crunching equations, logical propositions and other modes of abstract thought. artificial intelligence finds most difficult are the sensory perceptive tasks and motor skills that we perform unconsciously, walking, drinking from a cup, seeing and feeling the world through our senses. today as ai continues to blow past us in benchmark after benchmark of higher cognition, we quell our anxiety is what distinguishes true consciousness is the emotions, perception, ability to experience and feel, [inaudible] that we share with animals. if there were gods they would be laughing their heads off at the inconsistency of our logic. we spent centuries denying consciousness in animals because they lacked reason or higher thought. darwin said we maintained as humans a god like intellect that distinguished us from other animals. [inaudible] who share almost 99% of our dna did not have mind. when jane go

crimes, they shouldn't be, as they said, ashamed and they should sort of, ah, revel in this sort of there let the, the legacy of victory in world war 2. so i think this was the sort of a case that really struck at the heart of the sort of the, the rhetoric of much of the sort of the, the current russian political system around memo, memorializing stollins role in the 2nd world war and really trying to sort of gloss over a little bit these, the crimes that, that, that period was sort of was famous for as well. now memorial says it's been a target of the same repression. it's been trying to protect people from and that it, the move is politically motivated. as a right well, certainly many, many people have said that, you know, it's, it's, it's very difficult to sort of, to, to make a sweeping judgment. and certainly, i think memorials, allies are clear that this is about sort of overstepping the lines. the red lines that of delineated by the kremlin, of course memorial was not just sort of famous for it's working in history. are you in more recent years, a sort of russia took its auth

it's just sort of, oh, this is the new product that we all have, and we're all sort of damned to live in this world. so yeah. >> thank you. >> thanks for the question. >> may i ask two questions? >> yes. >> the first one occurred to me because of something you said -- actually, they both did. but you said the chat bot was being programmed to take the human and collect their intellect for future use. how do you feel about that? would you be -- would you be opposed to being turned into an ai after you die? >> that'ses -- no one's ever asked me that question before. i mean, if that's -- i grew up -- until i was 25 i believed i was going to live forever in heaven. that's all i get for -- >> might still. >> yeah. maybe. yeah. i mean, if that's the only form of an afterlife -- it's interesting, too, because i think a lot of writers like all creative people believe that that's something that's going to last after they're gone, that that's sort of some form of human consciousness that's going to persist. and yeah, what does that look like if it's in a chat bot? i guess the thing if it's ai th

that transition has been to sustain and sort of i, i am making other, but i'm sort of him. no new thing for them. i design and mix them both for the brand on which they give the order these days boomy. ca, cheda only gets to designed late at night in one of her shops which she's converted into a grocery store. another step in her crisis management plan. not so from us by ah, a pulse ah, the beginning of a story that moves us and takes us along for the ride. it's all about the perspective. culture information. this is dw news and d, w. made for mines. ah, a there, i'm david and this is climate change brags, it's sex, happiness in 3 books. this is the book for you. you'll get smarter for free. d w books on youtube. ah, welcome to global 3000.

you're going to sort of individuate and sort of believe the idea, supportive d up by a whole bunch of free government benefits, you want to believe the idea that your upward mobility and trajectory, something that you alone can control and that your place in society is reflection of your ad herety worth. so that kind of psychology is one of the names for group status threat is another name for it. there are all these different dimensions of the way in which a hierarchical society where we do allow people to lose a job and then lose everything, and the social safety net is so threadbare, and the white americans in general as a majority in terms of public opinion sort of cheer the definition of ahe social safety net because there's this idea it becomes very racialized the social safety net particularly under reagan and therl conservatives in his wake, that there's something wrong with people who are poor, broken, struggling and that therefore you get a status boost by disaffiliated yourself from them. >> we are just about out of time some good ask you one final question and i i think yo

this is just to remind you, these sorts of images, these sorts of poems begin to emerge en masse. call it holy ground, they have left unstained what there they found, freedom to worship god. so you get the sense that the coming of the pilgrims began something totally new in the world, and that newness had to do with religion, civil liberty, all the ways you can put together freedom and god began with the pilgrims and puritans in new england. this thing totally new. and so, of course, you get also all these paintings that celebrate them. we looked at these paintings before. we saw this sort of religious dimension, the heavenly light shining on the mayflower or a more civil liberty version where it's mostly with each other, this compact and idea of self-government and the mayflower or this noble and heroic and yet domestic and agricultural sense of origins. and of course these other sort of famous, the landing of the fathers, the fathers, our fathers, are the beginnings of our people, and of course all the way up through 1914, the first thanksgiving and images of a kind of peaceful

so you get this sort of contrast, always this sort of contrast. the wilderness, the developed town, the native american before, the english civilization after, coming with pilgrims, right. all right. so commemorations become all important. just to make sure that we're -- it's not -- we're over emphasize, there's lots of commemorations going on. think about what else is being commemorated in the 1820s. in 1825, you commemorate bunker hill. 1826, 50 years since the declaration of independence. anyone know who dies same day? >> john adams. an incredibly famous guy -- thomas jefferson. >> that incredibly famous dude. yeah. july 4, 1826, on the 50th anniversary of the declaration of independence, john adams and thomas jefferson, old arch rivals, second and third president, both die. and you have all of these speeches celebrating, of course, the revolution, the declaration, right. so commemoration through the 1820s is a big, booming business when there are speeches and memorials and commemorations all the time. this is again the building of a public his

you're a comedian and a tv personality and all sorts of other things.el it's a good investment of your time to be almost literally 24—7 on social media? cos i follow you. thank you. you're on it, in that case. well, i am on it. why are you on it? but if you look, i'm not on it anywhere near as much as you. well, there's two things about it. to be honest with you, there's also a straightforward, practical reason, which is i have to sell tickets and books and actually you do that very well on social media, so that's one reason. but there is another reason for me personally, which is i have the kind of brain, thankfully still going, which thinks of a joke at four o'clock in the morning, thinks of something like, "i really want to say this." i do want an audience for it because i'm a comedian. i can't get an audience at 4am in the morning. during the pandemic, i couldn't get an audience at all. you can put that on social media and, yes, you might get trolled, but you might also get people saying really funny things back to you, liking it or whatever. and th

it's sort of a story in 2 hogs. you know, on the one hand we have sort of technical violations of rushes, very controversial foreign agents law. that's the sort of the, the technical sort of premise, on which memorial the has been just shut down today. but of course, you know, in general, this case is seeming sort of a slightly differed like memorial has been famous for a couple of things. but most importantly is sort of investigating these stalinist crimes, the repressions of the 1930s. and that is very much upset sort of much of the russian sort of contemporary political establishment and significantly the security services who are very, very influential in the current russian government. and so what we saw today in from this sort of the prosecutors who spoke in the supreme court was almost an indictment of these attempts to sort of memorialize the saw in its crimes. prosecutors argued that russians shouldn't pay attention to these are sort of that the, to these crimes, they shouldn't be, as they said, ashamed and

and this was sort of a case of a perfect storm, almost many, many sort of claims, many pretensions on to memorial from the criminal side today, certainly and memorial says it's become a target of the same repression. it's trying to protect people from and that the move here is politically motivated. are they right? well it's, it's difficult to say sort of categorically, but i certainly think that is a political dynamic here we, we saw in the court today, the prosecutors making a very strong argument that this was basically about the memory of the 2nd world war. they said that memorial had been founded as an organization that our research repressions that helped victims, but that it moved in recent years towards what they called sort of blocking the name of the soviet union and dispatching rewriting history. these are the very much there was and so i think we certainly saw a political angle here. now it's very difficult to say what the specific sort of violation, what, what it, what is it we're doomed? memorial was, but i certainly think this was a case that was very, very high. the an

and sort of people -- two americas.-- it usually describes a socioeconomic divide. it describes access to education. it describes -- sometimes includes large s.w.a.t.s of gender and race. this time the only thing that separates the haves and the have nots are adherence to ideology. that's it. what if anything will break that cycle? >> all those other things -- >> i'm sorry. let me bring tim in, doctor. >> this is within people's control. it is hard at this late of date after the vaccine has been available for so long to believe that those who are dug in idea logically are going to change. i think there are still, you know, folks, who are, you know, just not consumers of news, not consumers of information, you know, who can still be reached who are outside of, you know, i think the high information bubbles. i think there are people that are in communities -- these are the saddest ones for me, really, who all those around them are not getting vaccinated. they live in a culturally conservative community. maybe they are not

sort of correction allegations. and this is some in dublin, both of the presidential candidates for next year. and this was like, we were saying this is really sort of our regular, my grand politics. i think 3 of the actual score judged by transparency international in the n g o that she ranks corruption. i my credit scores dropped a little bit funny if i recall munching and campaign a few years ago as things are going to significantly bring it down. and that has not happened. i mean the, the basic, the basic structure issues that are got part in so much trouble that we have not really changed that much again because of the close of business on the state here. rob a county. thank you very much for talking to us about the thank you for your time. thank you. and he was state of minnesota, a white police officer has been convicted in the killing of a black man in a racially chance trial. kimberly potter shot and killed 20 or dante right during a routine traffic stop. in april al jazeera john hendern report from minneap

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you know, a bit to sort of move our staff away from russia and perhaps to sort of more russet . why is it was that that representations it because this is obesity, you know, not a particularly attractive proposition for many managers and specialists who might be tempted by jobs in russia at the moment. ok, so foreign corporations, obviously i don't appreciate this, but how is the announcement going down among the russian population itself? is there a broad support among the people in russia for this move? i mean, i think, you know, you can't really remove this from the broader context of, of where russia is at the moment. you know, there are any numbers of problems in russia right now for inflation through to political repression. and you're to be quite honest the of migrant workers, whether that's from central asia or from europe on not at the top of anyone's agenda in moscow. the friend said, this is very much a sort of annex patch issue as it was felix. thank you so much to journalist felix light there in moscow. you're watching dw news, just reminder the top story we're foll

in one of the first sort of histories of america even though it is the sort of pilgrim history of america, is webster braided you begin to see the speech center under the schools mainly in new england of the schoolchildren read it, memorized sections of it in the recited and this is how they come to know the history. and this is one of the important moments of transmitting his version of america to a broader population. but we will talk about for a little while now is a sense of the importance of education in this time read someone of the things that happen, it's really important to think about, the founding fathers, people like daniel webster and those folks, but they often say, even people like john adams and others, liberty and learning go hand in hand. that you basically you will not be able to maintain liberty in a republic if the people themselves are uninformed. so this is the idea called and informed citizen you got to have an informed citizen and if you don't, the whole experiment will collapse rated i'll give you a vivid example of that. there's a guy named ebenezer and he goes

and this was sort of a case of a perfect storm, almost many, many sort of claims, many a pretensions on to memorial from the criminal side today, certainly and memorial says it's become a target of the same repression. it's trying to protect people from an at the move here is politically motivated. are they right? well, it's difficult to say sort of categorically, but i certainly think that there is a political dynamic here where we saw in the court today. the prosecutors making a very strong argument that this was basically about the memory of the 2nd world war. they said that memorial had been founded as an organization that research repressions that helped victims. but that it moved in recent years towards what they called sort of blocking the name of the soviet union and dispatching rewriting history. these are the very much there was and so i think we certainly saw a political angle here. now it's very difficult to say what the specific sort of violation, what, what it was it was doomed memorial was, but i certainly think this was a case that was very, very highly well, dissipat

the sort of dominant protestants did not work with those people. i think you have to come down and look at the local level. they are excluded from the university, the clergy and thiez networks. these networks reenforce racial and gender and societal high ar ky hierarchy. >> there's a long standing tradition that there's a link that goes back to allen that there's a link between the great awakening and the american revolution. i think a lot of the reasons for that is the religious leaders in the awakening movement are overwhelmingly loyal to the dominant denominations. when you get down to an individual level, i'm sure you would find plenty of individuals who found a connection there. they were understanding the choices that were in front of them. drew on a particular ideology of faith. >> i'm not a religious scholar. that clarifies more female a great deal and now i can change my lectures. >> you're absolutely smart enough to not see it. it's the whole whitfield story but he gets is swoo the question of how we see whitfield's relationship to the em

so it's now up from london, rory, so the numbers there, it's sort of a mixed picture, right? tell us more about how the in a chess is preparing for these record infection. numbers are the only just supposed to be given a ball park figure of about 10000 hospitalizations or the one point to when things start to get ready tricky. and they are just creeping over that benchmark for england lee. so the plan is to set up for that calling face surge hobbs, various hospitals around the country, they'll be temporary structures put up in car parks, et cetera. and each one will have about a 100 beds capacity doesn't sound much, but the hope is that that will be enough to deal with any are over spill from the main hospitals. if it's not, they are looking at other sites or to set up or around for thousands more beds to deal with a super serge events. they're hoping that none of this is needed, like the nightingale hospitals weren't really needed earlier in the pandemic. but they want to have the safeguards in place just in case okay, surveys, nightingale hobbs as they're being called, are

you could never do that with a film camera, so that that sort of technology has opened up all sorts ofe runner, you know, blade runner 20119. but dennis, and i, and dennis gassner, the production designer, were determined to do as much in camera as possible. so even though the backgrounds had changed, in some very specific scenes, there's a lot of manipulation, like the, um, the, er, the threesome, with the two girls and ryan, you know, and they're interchanging and becoming one and splitting. well, how are you going to do that? that's, obviously, you use the technology that's available to tell a story, in hopefully an interesting and, you know, perceptive way. but, um... so you're not, you're not anti—technology, clearly. no, not at all. yeah. i mean, no, because i have to say, withjoel and ethan, i was the first one that used a digital finish on a film, on "o brother, where art thou?" i want to end with a thought that, you know, it's a treat to talk to somebody who has been steeped in film—making for so long, and your experience is vast, and your movie stats speak for themselves, and

will rebecca, as with so much in russia's sort of legal system, this really is a sort of a story in to hobbs. on the one hand, we have the sort of the official justification for this lawsuit. for this shuttering of memorial, which is breaking rush is very controversial for an agent. los memorial has been a foreign agent for some years, and it is allegedly refused to market some of its sort of products on its literature as such. but i think allies at memorial stress that this is less about a sort of a technical violation of the, of the foreign aging laws and more about memorial sort of gender more general clash with the general sort of narrative that's, that's prevalence in russian society right now. is which is that the stalinist era, the star, this crime should be sort of forgotten and that we should instead sort of emphasize the countries achievement in the, in the 2nd world war and winning the war. suddenly what we saw today in the courts very much sort of supported that argument. we saw the state, prosecutors say that russian shouldn't be ashamed. russians shouldn't be sort of repe

constitution, not a sort of federal destiny in the united states. a part of that that was a little excessive is that they were in love with the idea that it's a unique experiment. some of those professors that he was admiring in the university were also people who joined the know nothing party that he had associated with that were known for their anti-catholic feelings and living under the authoritarian force being they didn't understand democracy. that is a literal kind of question. i think that kentucky influenced him and a lot of ways as was mentioned earlier. not based on capital investments and tremendous imbalances of wealth gave a different perspective and while the racial situation was horrendous, there was interaction with african-americans which none of the northern justices had at all and the fact the ku klux klan was inserting itself so strong also gave him a moral impetus later on. a. >> i understand he was a fundamentalist christian of the time. what do you know about stopping the decision? >> this is a difficult question to answer and

so that also just to sort of cap what you brought up, jennifer, the sort of special bond between theand daughter. >> wow. some of our audience members are confirming that the same actor, and i believe it was fess parker, yeah, fess parker played both. i never put that together. i just did not put that together. >> there you go. that explains at least in part. >> this is why i love my job so much. so this is for boat of you. this is from kevin. he says, do either of you find visiting the locations that the characters of your book existed in helpful in providing the historical narrative? i guess your answer is going to be yes, but let's hear a bit about that. >> candice, do you want to take that first? >> sure, yeah. it's hugely important to me. and like i said, sometimes even if it doesn't explicitly end up in the book, it definitely adds to my understanding of the person and the time in which he or she lived. and yeah, being there, not just in their home but i wrote about winston churchill when he was captured during the war, and being both where he was captured and where he was impr

we _ sort of variant. depend on the uk where you live. we have - sort of variant.ve. we have had - sort of variant. depend on the uk| where you live. we have had some figures are from scotland today about cases they are looking at our omicron cases in parts of the north—east of england, it is as low as 2%. in london it is much higher. a talking 35% and these figures were from last wednesday, so it takes awhile to sequence them so if you 35% last wednesday, it is doubling every two days, there is a good chance patches of london, omicron is the dominant variant. we chance patches of london, omicron is the dominant variant.— the dominant variant. we are told by exerts at the dominant variant. we are told by exoerts at the _ the dominant variant. we are told by experts at the nhs _ the dominant variant. we are told by experts at the nhs is _ the dominant variant. we are told by experts at the nhs is already - the dominant variant. we are told by experts at the nhs is already under. experts at the nhs is already under pressure but under pressure for a non—covert reasons

the uae in particular sort of very reticent to any sort of official recognition of israel. think this is a major step to normalization of reality, of that israel is a country that exists in the middle east and it's time for the middle eastern countries to acknowledge it. i do think that part of establishing of good relations is one of the major failures of the trump administration, the ripping up of the iran deal, the iran nuclear agreement, which the biden administration has sort of tried to salvage. i think it increasingly looks like it's not going to be successful in salvaging the iran deal. and i think the security of the middle east, now without a verifiable nuclear agreement that prevents iran from getting a nuclear weapon, is now seriously in doubt. and i think that's leading to one side benefit is a closer relationship between the uae and israel, but i think overall, security for the middle east with iran potentially heading towards a nuclear weapon is not a good situation. and that tearing up a verifiable nuclear agreement was not a smart play by the trump administ

and dewey sort of picked up that torch. then as hoover turned on the new deal, dewey and his classmates, his friends became the sort of standard bearers of the more moderate wing of the republican party. and they were good at it. tom dewey was elected three times as governor of new york. an ethically diverse, incredibly difficult to manage state. and the politics was difficult to manage. but dewey became the focal point and he managed to organize a sturdy, well-disciplined party that was not ideological but was sort of practical. and progressive. pro civil rights and well oriented towards labor. and so he became sort of a early hoover type figure. and then what happened was there emerged this terrible bifurcation within the republican party, where dewey represented the more activist, pro government, more liberal wing. and bob taft, robert taft became the focal point of the more conservative crowd who were the anti-new deal, anything but the new deal and basically that's sort of extirpate much of it. pull it up by the roots.

far raised are reaching some unprecedented high sort of you are. yes. so the construction industry is that good level. okay. russia is vladimir pacing failed in the question there about pricing has price is in the far east, but that just shows the diversity isn't the criteria of gas in the afternoon. yes, everything is saying, but i'm just, prior to that he was talking about the diplomatic boycott. of the upcoming winter olympics in china, and he made it very clear, didn't he? he said from his point of view, it's unacceptable. and from that you can tell the relationship between russia and china on that. and he also said this is just the short term political gang with regard to that diplomatic boy come, well diplomatic boycott is not a full boy. so thank god, thank god. at least athletes can, can go and participate. but i think these times in, with, you know, tried western tactics of using sports and culture as a means of political persuasion. even though it's hard to tell what the americans are trying to gain. and in this regard, because i mean whether

research fellow at the hudson institute where we research policy measures to counter corruption from all sorts of regimes and delighted joining me today and some distant much of their career doing exactly that, senator sheldon whitehouse who represents rhode island and use senate since 2007 before which he served state attorney general and u.s. attorney in someone who knows a lot about both democracy and rule of law and those of us whatsoever has become such a bipartisan champion of measures in terms of corruption and kleptocracy during his time in the senate. he is also a great friend to hudson, it's a great pleasure i welcome you back to hudson today. >> thank you. it's a great pleasure for me to be with you and i'm going to return the compliment to hudson and to the kleptocracy initiative which been really important and we are i guess you could say fussing about kleptocracy before it was called, now we have democracy science focusing all that and both hudson institute and kleptocracy initiative i think a lot to do with bring as to where we are. bravo and well done and let's keep working tog

that's sort of the way they thought. so really, there was nobody really could suggest to or recommend or persuade the military to go to diplomatic route. because to avoid war, that was not in the thinking of the military in japan. particularly in the golden age of militarism i would say so. so it is a institutional problem in japan at that time. the civilian diplomats were not in the position to prevail over the military. >> and one final note on that. we take it -- american's taken so much for granted because this has been embedded in our history and our constitution that military is subordinate to the political leadership here. and it is always very difficulty to address entirely different concept in japan in that period. i was talking with a japanese scholar at a conference couple years ago and said to him, you know, it is really difficult to convey this sort of thing about how japanese decision making processes were so dysfunctional. i was alluding to the lack of supremacy of the civilian government. and he looked at

this is our third or fourth or fifth event and this is i think of it indicate sort of how the subject matter both of our books are really tailor-made for the moment that we are living in and thinking about history and arguing about history rated and what history is the kind of stories that we could help and one of the things that i thoughf one is reading your book is how to dig entered how did you come to this, give a wonderful section about where i spent a lot of time to myself and all of the places that i have heard of and how you decided to take story and what is motivating for you. >> thank you for asking me and thank you for being here with me again and what people might not know that annette was incredibly generous with me with her time in a debate very very beginning of this pandemic, when we thought that we would not be zooming. and annette gordon reed in a group of other historians got together with us and i will remember this for the rest of my life and assure the menus with me in the gimme generous and thoughtful and remarkable feedback that really helped me think through a

is that why joe barton is put forward this sort of proposal. tell us what you concern to i will listen. we can negotiate using or i'm not sure that that was dated by the change of tone and carmen. i think joe biden, you know, it's one thing when you buy for power, but once you come into the governing office, he's going to stand. i mean, it's a b and b capital of what you wish for because and nobody in his right mind understands politics, right? now, without having to bite him, he has so many problems on displayed, and i think he understands the america resources are limited. there is a very, very clear signs of the united states is trying to change in global positioning strategy. if you cannot finance, everybody narrows the club or, and the group of countries is eager to support that would rely on both strategically and financially. and he wants to use it. the more honestly he wants to when you're not you're too many resources in your confrontation with russia. i would, there will still be some military build on the countries will still invest

we're sort of in the same place. >> .. when i think about this book i think if we want to be helpful that we can cage our society and make progress. has to be built on honesty about what happens and we have to acknowledge that the past does shape where we are in our society. so the second to last essay in the book is on progress. i think it's a very -- it really speaks to the lack of urgency that we have, of course this progress. my dad was a sharecropper -- board on a sharecropper far. i was not. when you look at incarceration rates they've increased. there so many measures i think it would be counterfactual to say there has not been progress i think the argument is also should we be satisfied with progress in in a lan that wen in 400 years? wind we not need to mark progress? what's puzzling to me about the book though is, my ending essay on justice offers us hope because it says okay -- >> host: another direction. >> guest: you understand what happened, why, you understand the party we see is not natural, not in it. was

that moment was a sort of genesis of this book. it puts a bug in my mind not only of the general character but you dig a little bit more and see that it had a larger endowment funded 75 years after my own and thinking about the ways that it builds upon itself and it's sort of an interesting bug about media being melodramatic. as i got into covering higher education, i covered those that covered federal higher education policies and i was able to see the federal and state policy as well as these court decisions really shaped the landscape of higher education and there were these callbacks over time of things like the green space. so i did the last story it was about those in mississippi that had the longest running case to basically prove what it was to purchase the federal government that was desegregated. the black colleges in mississippi and 1975 and by 2002 they settled and effectively they got $500 million over 17 years split between the institutions and to put them into the context they had made $500 million in five years priv

i'm sorry i'm laughing, it's sort of a dark joke. well, it's a pretty clear map. solid red in all 50 states, district of columbia and puerto rico experience lag cdc calls high transmission, which no kidding. new records at daily case counts across the country soar to the highest level we've seen. on this chart is line is practically going straight up. as we assess where we are, it's important to understand the fact that omicron variant is just much more transmissible than the previous variants, particularly the early ones. just on a different quail. but professor of emerging infectious diseases at london school of hygiene and tropical medicine estimates what's called the r-naught of omicron means every person infected infects another 10 people. that's so, so contagious. that's compared to an average of 2.5 people with the original strain when covid first landed our shores. and seven people with the delta variant, which itself was the most contagious variant we've seen. to stop something that infectious, you would need essentially 100% vaccination. it's like stampi

it's become sort of a, a global brand. and i know, but from, from going to russia a lot is very much inside the russian nature as well too. while in russia you always look for the downside, that's just the way you are like me almost but, but it's, it's a good exercise to think about small probabilities that if they do happen has a high impact on markets. so no, no, 2021 predictions came true. but then again, that's why they're outrageous, right? these are things that are likely to happen even though they could. so you tell me, when i read about this, you know, potential black swan events and at the end of the day, there are so far out that there aren't likely to happen. why would i worry about the scenarios? and there's plenty to worry about these days. why put more strain on my nerve assistance? because the way we operate in markets is that the market changed in a certain direct his direction until the for some are some or the reason the direction is change. so disruption happens. and historically, although of course, as

but the good things don't get a hugely prominent sort of place in your imperial history.e i think we've only had the good view. i mean, we tend to... have we? we tend not to think about british empire in this country. but when we do, it tends to be quite nostalgic films about the raj or bbc documentaries about the railways presented by men of a certain age wearing red trousers, talking about the gift the british have given the indians. and we all know now, actually, they weren't a gift and, actually, the railways were built for the british, for military and economic reasons. and i think we have a very rosy view of empire, and so it's good to point out some other things. there's another intellectual frame that historians sometimes imply, and that is comparison. they look at the british empire and what it did in the countries in which it occupied the territory and ruled the people and compares it with others, for example, the belgians in africa. and the conclusion is always, you know, for all of the terrible flaws with what the british did and the violence that came with it

looking at some sort of optimistic horizon. because i think in the 1st half when we've covered the pessimistic side, that, that, that sort of totalitarianism and pessimism and the math looting and the fecal matter on the streets. i think that's kind of there's a positive thing in that and that, that system is ending, like it's a fine of that system has not much longer to survive. so in terms of like the, a positive future max, my, our big pointers and we live amongst bitcoin are, is and we have this notion of relentless optimism and building our own citadels and escaping from this sort of health scape that we've been discussing. so you do see these moves on the state levels. you do see states um, you know, providing some sort of safe haven from the woke madness on the federal level. but with those refugees fleeing the woke, refugees fleeing woke states like california i suppose there's a bit of a danger that they could bring that sort of the same things that destroyed their own home state to the neighboring states. but do think